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Alonso-Villa E, Bonet F, Hernandez-Torres F, Campuzano Ó, Sarquella-Brugada G, Quezada-Feijoo M, Ramos M, Mangas A, Toro R. The Role of MicroRNAs in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: New Insights for an Old Entity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113573. [PMID: 36362356 PMCID: PMC9659086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a clinical diagnosis characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction. In most cases, DCM is progressive, leading to heart failure (HF) and death. This cardiomyopathy has been considered a common and final phenotype of several entities. DCM occurs when cellular pathways fail to maintain the pumping function. The etiology of this disease encompasses several factors, such as ischemia, infection, autoimmunity, drugs or genetic susceptibility. Although the prognosis has improved in the last few years due to red flag clinical follow-up, early familial diagnosis and ongoing optimization of treatment, due to its heterogeneity, there are no targeted therapies available for DCM based on each etiology. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of DCM will provide novel therapeutic strategies against this cardiac disease and their different triggers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that play key roles in post-transcriptional gene silencing by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or, to a lesser extent, degradation. A growing number of studies have demonstrated critical functions of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including DCM, by regulating mechanisms that contribute to the progression of the disease. Herein, we summarize the role of miRNAs in inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis, exclusively in the context of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alonso-Villa
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.A.-V.); (R.T.)
| | - Fernando Bonet
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernandez-Torres
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Óscar Campuzano
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Josep Trueta, University of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Quezada-Feijoo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Ramos
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alipio Mangas
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Rocío Toro
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.A.-V.); (R.T.)
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Li J, Jiang T, Ren ZC, Wang ZL, Zhang PJ, Xiang GA. Early detection of colorectal cancer based on circular DNA and common clinical detection indicators. World J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 14:833-848. [PMID: 36157359 PMCID: PMC9453338 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i8.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and it is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the world, accounting for approximately 9% of all cancer deaths. Early detection of CRC is urgently needed in clinical practice.
AIM To build a multi-parameter diagnostic model for early detection of CRC.
METHODS Total 59 colorectal polyps (CRP) groups, and 101 CRC patients (38 early-stage CRC and 63 advanced CRC) for model establishment. In addition, 30 CRP groups, and 62 CRC patients (30 early-stage CRC and 32 advanced CRC) were separately included to validate the model. 51 commonly used clinical detection indicators and the 4 extrachromosomal circular DNA markers NDUFB7, CAMK1D, PIK3CD and PSEN2 that we screened earlier. Four multi-parameter joint analysis methods: binary logistic regression analysis, discriminant analysis, classification tree and neural network to establish a multi-parameter joint diagnosis model.
RESULTS Neural network included carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), sialic acid (SA), PIK3CD and lipoprotein a (LPa) was chosen as the optimal multi-parameter combined auxiliary diagnosis model to distinguish CRP and CRC group, when it differentiated 59 CRP and 101 CRC, its overall accuracy was 90.8%, its area under the curve (AUC) was 0.959 (0.934, 0.985), and the sensitivity and specificity were 91.5% and 82.2%, respectively. After validation, when distinguishing based on 30 CRP and 62 CRC patients, the AUC was 0.965 (0.930-1.000), and its sensitivity and specificity were 66.1% and 70.0%. When distinguishing based on 30 CRP and 32 early-stage CRC patients, the AUC was 0.960 (0.916-1.000), with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 90.0%, distinguishing based on 30 CRP and 30 advanced CRC patients, the AUC was 0.970 (0.936-1.000), with a sensitivity and specificity of 96.7% and 86.7%.
CONCLUSION We built a multi-parameter neural network diagnostic model included CEA, IMA, SA, PIK3CD and LPa for early detection of CRC, compared to the conventional CEA, it showed significant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Medicine Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zeng-Ci Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Interventional Therapy Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Guo-An Xiang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong Province, China
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3
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Akizuki K, Ono A, Xue H, Kameshita I, Ishida A, Sueyoshi N. Biochemical characterization of four splice variants of mouse Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Iδ. J Biochem 2021; 169:445-458. [PMID: 33417706 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase Iδ (CaMKIδ) is a Ser/Thr kinase that plays pivotal roles in Ca2+ signalling. CaMKIδ is activated by Ca2+/CaM-binding and phosphorylation at Thr180 by CaMK kinase (CaMKK). In this study, we characterized four splice variants of mouse CaMKIδ (mCaMKIδs: a, b, c and d) found by in silico analysis. Recombinant mCaMKIδs expressed in Escherichia coli were phosphorylated by CaMKK; however, only mCaMKIδ-a and c showed protein kinase activities towards myelin basic protein in vitro, with mCaMKIδ-b and mCaMKIδ-d being inactive. Although mCaMKIδ-a and mCaMKIδ-c underwent autophosphorylation in vitro, only mCaMKIδ-c underwent autophosphorylation in 293T cells. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the autophosphorylation site is Ser349, which is found in the C-terminal region of only variants c and b (Ser324). Furthermore, phosphorylation of these sites (Ser324 and Ser349) in mCaMKIδ-b and c was more efficiently catalyzed by cAMP-dependent protein kinase in vitro and in cellulo as compared to the autophosphorylation of mCaMKIδ-c. Thus, variants of mCaMKIδ possess distinct properties in terms of kinase activities, autophosphorylation and phosphorylation by another kinase, suggesting that they play physiologically different roles in murine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Akizuki
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Houcheng Xue
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Isamu Kameshita
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sueyoshi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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Liu W, Li S. LncRNA ILF3-AS1 Promotes the Progression of Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells Through the miR-619-5p/CAMK1D Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1861-1872. [PMID: 33737811 PMCID: PMC7966390 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s296441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the third most common tumor of the digestive tract. Recent studies reported that lncRNA’s abnormal expression might play a vital role in the occurrence and development of COAD. Methods In the present study, we investigated the expression of ILF3-AS1 in COAD cell lines, human normal colon epithelial cell line, patient tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were transfected into COAD cells to inhibit the expression of ILF3-AS1. The effects of ILF3-AS1 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 assay, transwell migration and invasion assay, and flow cytometry apoptosis assay, respectively. The direct binding of ILF3-AS1 and miR-619-5p/CAMK1D was validated by the luciferase reporter assay. The expression of CAMK1D and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT)-related proteins was detected by Western Blot analysis. Besides, in vivo experiments were conducted to demonstrate the oncogenic role of ILF3-AS1 in COAD. Results The results showed that the expression of ILF3-AS1 was significantly higher in COAD tissue than in normal adjacent samples, and this conclusion was confirmed in the available public datasets. After ILF3-AS1 knockdown, the proliferation of COAD cell lines SW480 and HT29 was significantly inhibited. At the same time, the apoptosis was increased, and the invasion and migration abilities were decreased. After further exploring the mechanisms, we found that ILF3-AS1 serves as a competitive endogenous RNA of mir-619-5p. It can bind to mir-619-5p and reduce its expression, thus regulating the target gene CAMK1D. In addition, we found that high expression of ILF3-AS1 was significantly associated with tumor grade, tumor size, and distant metastasis in COAD samples. In vivo experiments confirmed that ILF3-AS1 promotes tumor growth in COAD models. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that ILF3-AS1 plays an oncogenic role in COAD through regulating the miR-619-5p/CAMK1D axis, and inhibition of ILF3-AS1 may pave the way for COAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Xiantao, 433000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Xiantao, 433000, People's Republic of China
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5
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Fromont C, Atzori A, Kaur D, Hashmi L, Greco G, Cabanillas A, Nguyen HV, Jones DH, Garzón M, Varela A, Stevenson B, Iacobini GP, Lenoir M, Rajesh S, Box C, Kumar J, Grant P, Novitskaya V, Morgan J, Sorrell FJ, Redondo C, Kramer A, Harris CJ, Leighton B, Vickers SP, Cheetham SC, Kenyon C, Grabowska AM, Overduin M, Berditchevski F, Weston CJ, Knapp S, Fischer PM, Butterworth S. Discovery of Highly Selective Inhibitors of Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases That Restore Insulin Sensitivity in the Diet-Induced Obesity in Vivo Mouse Model. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6784-6801. [PMID: 32433887 PMCID: PMC7445743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Polymorphisms
in the region of the calmodulin-dependent kinase
isoform D (CaMK1D) gene are associated with increased incidence of
diabetes, with the most common polymorphism resulting in increased
recognition by transcription factors and increased protein expression.
While reducing CaMK1D expression has a potentially beneficial effect
on glucose processing in human hepatocytes, there are no known selective
inhibitors of CaMK1 kinases that can be used to validate or translate
these findings. Here we describe the development of a series of potent,
selective, and drug-like CaMK1 inhibitors that are able to provide
significant free target cover in mouse models and are therefore useful
as in vivo tool compounds. Our results show that
a lead compound from this series improves insulin sensitivity and
glucose control in the diet-induced obesity mouse model after both
acute and chronic administration, providing the first in vivo validation of CaMK1D as a target for diabetes therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Fromont
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Alessio Atzori
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Divneet Kaur
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Lubna Hashmi
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Graziella Greco
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Alejandro Cabanillas
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Huy Van Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - D Heulyn Jones
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Miguel Garzón
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ana Varela
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Brett Stevenson
- Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, U.K
| | - Greg P Iacobini
- Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, U.K
| | - Marc Lenoir
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Sundaresan Rajesh
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Clare Box
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Paige Grant
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Vera Novitskaya
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Juliet Morgan
- Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, U.K
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Clara Redondo
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Andreas Kramer
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C John Harris
- CJH Consultants, Ford Cottage, South Weirs, Burley Road, Brockenhurst, Hants SO42 7UQ, U.K
| | - Brendan Leighton
- The Research Network, IPC 600 Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Steven P Vickers
- RenaSci Limited, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, U.K
| | | | - Colin Kenyon
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Fedor Berditchevski
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Chris J Weston
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter M Fischer
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Sam Butterworth
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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Preeclampsia is Associated with Sex-Specific Transcriptional and Proteomic Changes in Fetal Erythroid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082038. [PMID: 31027199 PMCID: PMC6514549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) has been associated with placental dysfunction, resulting in fetal hypoxia, accelerated erythropoiesis, and increased erythroblast count in the umbilical cord blood (UCB). Although the detailed effects remain unknown, placental dysfunction can also cause inflammation, nutritional, and oxidative stress in the fetus that can affect erythropoiesis. Here, we compared the expression of surface adhesion molecules and the erythroid differentiation capacity of UCB hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), UCB erythroid profiles along with the transcriptome and proteome of these cells between male and female fetuses from PE and normotensive pregnancies. While no significant differences were observed in UCB HSPC migration/homing and in vitro erythroid colony differentiation, the UCB HSPC transcriptome and the proteomic profile of the in vitro differentiated erythroid cells differed between PE vs. normotensive samples. Accordingly, despite the absence of significant differences in the UCB erythroid populations in male or female fetuses from PE or normotensive pregnancies, transcriptional changes were observed during erythropoiesis, particularly affecting male fetuses. Pathway analysis suggested deregulation in the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/AMP-activated protein kinase (mTORC1/AMPK) signaling pathways controlling cell cycle, differentiation, and protein synthesis. These results associate PE with transcriptional and proteomic changes in fetal HSPCs and erythroid cells that may underlie the higher erythroblast count in the UCB in PE.
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Brzozowski JS, Skelding KA. The Multi-Functional Calcium/Calmodulin Stimulated Protein Kinase (CaMK) Family: Emerging Targets for Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Intervention. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010008. [PMID: 30621060 PMCID: PMC6469190 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of Ca2+ signalling in key events of cancer cell function and tumour progression, such as proliferation, migration, invasion and survival, has recently begun to be appreciated. Many cellular Ca2+-stimulated signalling cascades utilise the intermediate, calmodulin (CaM). The Ca2+/CaM complex binds and activates a variety of enzymes, including members of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase (CaMK) family. These enzymes control a broad range of cancer-related functions in a multitude of tumour types. Herein, we explore the cancer-related functions of these kinases and discuss their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Brzozowski
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Kathryn A Skelding
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Isserlin R, Merico D, Wang D, Vuckovic D, Bousette N, Gramolini AO, Bader GD, Emili A. Systems analysis reveals down-regulation of a network of pro-survival miRNAs drives the apoptotic response in dilated cardiomyopathy. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:239-51. [PMID: 25361207 PMCID: PMC4856157 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00265b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a hallmark of multiple etiologies of heart failure, including dilated cardiomyopathy. Since microRNAs are master regulators of cardiac development and key effectors of intracellular signaling, they represent novel candidates for understanding the mechanisms driving the increased dysfunction and loss of cardiomyocytes during cardiovascular disease progression. To determine the role of cardiac miRNAs in the apoptotic response, we used microarray technology to monitor miRNA levels in a validated murine phospholambam mutant model of dilated cardiomyopathy. 24 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed, most of which have not been previously linked to dilated cardiomyopathy. We showed that individual silencing of 7 out of 8 significantly down-regulated miRNAs (mir-1, -29c, -30c, -30d, -149, -486, -499) led to a strong apoptotic phenotype in cell culture, suggesting they repress pro-apoptotic factors. To identify putative miRNA targets most likely relevant to cell death, we computationally integrated transcriptomic, proteomic and functional annotation data. We showed the dependency of prioritized target abundance on miRNA expression using RNA interference and quantitative mass spectrometry. We concluded that down regulation of key pro-survival miRNAs causes up-regulation of apoptotic signaling effectors that contribute to cardiac cell loss, potentially leading to system decompensation and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Isserlin
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1.
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9
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Liu Z, Habener JF. Wnt signaling in pancreatic islets. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 654:391-419. [PMID: 20217507 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is critically important not only for stem cell amplification, differentiation, and migration, but also is important for organogenesis and the development of the body plan. Beta-catenin/TCF7L2-dependent Wnt signaling (the canonical pathway) is involved in pancreas development, islet function, and insulin production and secretion. The glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 and the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 modulate canonical Wnt signaling in beta-cells which is obligatory for their mitogenic and cytoprotective actions. Genome-wide association studies have uncovered 19 gene loci that confer susceptibility for the development of type 2 diabetes. At least 14 of these diabetes risk alleles encode proteins that are implicated in islet growth and functioning. Seven of them are either components of, or known target genes for, Wnt signaling. The transcription factor TCF7L2 is particularly strongly associated with risk for diabetes and appears to be fundamentally important in both canonical Wnt signaling and beta-cell functioning. Experimental loss of TCF7L2 function in islets and polymorphisms in TCF7L2 alleles in humans impair glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, suggesting that perturbations in the Wnt signaling pathway may contribute substantially to the susceptibility for, and pathogenesis of, type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on considerations of the hormonal regulation of Wnt signaling in islets and implications for mutations in components of the Wnt signaling pathway as a source for risk-associated alleles for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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10
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A cascade of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases regulates the differentiation and functional activation of murine neutrophils. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:832-44. [PMID: 18400360 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The function of neutrophils as primary mediators of innate immunity depends on the activity of granule proteins and critical components of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex. Expression of their cognate genes is regulated during neutrophil differentiation by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we have investigated the role of two members of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) signaling cascade, CaMK I-like kinase (CKLiK) and CaMKKalpha, in regulating neutrophil differentiation and functional activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse myeloid cell lines were used to examine the expression of a CaMK cascade in developing neutrophils and to examine the effects of constitutive activation vs inhibition of CaMKs on neutrophil maturation. RESULTS Expression of CaMKKalpha was shown to increase during neutrophil differentiation in multiple cell lines, whereas expression of CKLiK increased as multipotent progenitors committed to promyelocytes, but then decreased as cells differentiated into mature neutrophils. Expression of constitutively active CKLiKs did not affect morphologic maturation, but caused dramatic decreases in both respiratory burst responses and chemotaxis. This loss of neutrophil function was accompanied by reduced secondary granule and gp91(phox) gene expression. The CaMK inhibitor KN-93 attenuated cytokine-stimulated proliferative responses in promyelocytic cell lines, and inhibited the respiratory burst. Similar data were observed with the CaMKKalpha inhibitor, STO-609. CONCLUSIONS Overactivation of a cascade of CaMKs inhibits neutrophil maturation, suggesting that these kinases play an antagonistic role during neutrophil differentiation, but at least one CaMK is required for myeloid cell expansion and functional activation.
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Abstract
Ets family (ETS) transcription factors, characterized by an evolutionally conserved Ets domain, play important roles in cell development, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and tissue remodeling. Most of them are downstream nuclear targets of Ras-MAP kinase signaling, and the deregulation of ETS genes results in the malignant transformation of cells. Several ETS genes are rearranged in human leukemia and Ewing tumors to produce chimeric oncoproteins. Furthermore, the aberrant expression of several ETS genes is often observed in various types of human malignant tumors. Considering that some ETS transcription factors are involved in malignant transformation and tumor progression, including invasion, metastasis and neo-angiogenesis through the activation of cancer-related genes, they could be potential molecular targets for selective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneyuki Oikawa
- Department of Cell Genetics, Sasaki Institute, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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