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Suhasini PC, Bhat V, Shetty SS, Shetty PK, Roopashree PG, Kumari NS. High expression of CD9 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor promotes the development of tongue cancer. Med Oncol 2024; 41:86. [PMID: 38472425 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Tongue cancer is distinguished by aggressive behavior, a high risk of recurrence, lymph, and distant metastases. Hypoxia-Induced Factor 1 α functions as a CD9 transcription factor. CD9 is a transmembrane protein that may be found on the cell membrane. It can modulate the expression of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathway. ELISA was used to measure serum CD9, p-EGFR, and p-Akt levels in 70 tongue cancer patients and 35 healthy controls. RT-PCR was used to analyze the gene expression of the related genes. The gene as well as protein expression of CD9, EGFR/p-EGFR, and Akt/p-Akt was significantly higher in case subjects when compared with the controls. The expression of CD9 was higher in case subjects who were smokers/alcoholics when to control subjects who were smokers/alcoholics. Overexpression of CD9 due to hypoxic conditions leads to the activation of EGFR-signaling pathway resulting in cancer progression, resistance to chemotherapy. Hence, CD9 could be a potential target to suppress cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Suhasini
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Vadisha Bhat
- Department of ENT, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Shilpa S Shetty
- Cellomics, Lipdomics and Molecular Genetics division, Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - P G Roopashree
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - N Suchetha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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2
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Opadele AE, Nishioka S, Wu PH, Le QT, Shirato H, Nam JM, Onodera Y. The lipid-binding D4 domain of perfringolysin O facilitates the active loading of exogenous cargo into extracellular vesicles. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:446-456. [PMID: 38339784 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Whereas extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been engineered for cargo loading, innovative strategies for it can still be developed. Here, we describe domain 4 (D4), a cholesterol-binding domain derived from perfringolysin O, as a viable candidate for EV cargo loading. D4 and its mutants localized to the plasma membrane and the membranes of different vesicular structures in the cytoplasm, and facilitate the transport of proteins of interest (POIs) into EVs. D4-EVs were internalized by recipient cells analogous to EVs engineered with CD9. Intracellular cargo discharge from D4-EVs was successfully detected with the assistance of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. This study presents a novel strategy for recruiting POIs into EVs via a lipid-binding domain that ensures content release in recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi Emmanuel Opadele
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Dynamics Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nishioka
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (GCB), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ping-Hsiu Wu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Hiroki Shirato
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (GCB), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jin-Min Nam
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (GCB), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Systemic Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Onodera
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering (GCB), Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Ogana HA, Hurwitz S, Wei N, Lee E, Morris K, Parikh K, Kim YM. Targeting integrins in drug-resistant acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:295-316. [PMID: 37258706 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) continues to have a poor prognosis, warranting new therapeutic strategies. The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment consists of niches that interact with not only normal haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) but also leukaemia cells like AML. There are many adhesion molecules in the BM microenvironment; therein, integrins have been of central interest. AML cells express integrins that bind to ligands in the microenvironment, enabling adhesion of leukaemia cells in the microenvironment, thereby initiating intracellular signalling pathways that are associated with cell migration, cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance that has been described to mediate cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Identifying and targeting integrins in AML to interrupt interactions with the microenvironment have been pursued as a strategy to overcome CAM-DR. Here, we focus on the BM microenvironment and review the role of integrins in CAM-DR of AML and discuss integrin-targeting strategies. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Ogana
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samantha Hurwitz
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nathan Wei
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eliana Lee
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kayla Morris
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karina Parikh
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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4
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Green LR, Issa R, Albaldi F, Urwin L, Thompson R, Khalid H, Turner CE, Ciani B, Partridge LJ, Monk PN. CD9 co-operation with syndecan-1 is required for a major staphylococcal adhesion pathway. mBio 2023; 14:e0148223. [PMID: 37486132 PMCID: PMC10470606 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01482-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial colonization is a critical first step in bacterial pathogenesis. Staphylococcus aureus can utilize several host factors to associate with cells, including α5β1 integrin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, such as the syndecans. Here, we demonstrate that a partner protein of both integrins and syndecans, the host membrane adapter protein tetraspanin CD9, is essential for syndecan-mediated staphylococcal adhesion. Fibronectin is also essential in this process, while integrins are only critical for post-adhesion entry into human epithelial cells. Treatment of epithelial cells with CD9-derived peptide or heparin caused significant reductions in staphylococcal adherence, dependent on both CD9 and syndecan-1. Exogenous fibronectin caused a CD9-dependent increase in staphylococcal adhesion, whereas blockade of β1 integrins did not affect adhesion but did reduce the subsequent internalization of adhered bacteria. CD9 disruption or deletion increased β1 integrin-mediated internalization, suggesting that CD9 coordinates sequential staphylococcal adhesion and internalization. CD9 controls staphylococcal adhesion through syndecan-1, using a mechanism that likely requires CD9-mediated syndecan organization to correctly display fibronectin at the host cell surface. We propose that CD9-derived peptides or heparin analogs could be developed as anti-adhesion treatments to inhibit the initial stages of staphylococcal pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus infection is a significant cause of disease and morbidity. Staphylococci utilize multiple adhesion pathways to associate with epithelial cells, including interactions with proteoglycans or β1 integrins through a fibronectin bridge. Interference with another host protein, tetraspanin CD9, halves staphylococcal adherence to epithelial cells, although CD9 does not interact directly with bacteria. Here, we define the role of CD9 in staphylococcal adherence and uptake, observing that CD9 coordinates syndecan-1, fibronectin, and β1 integrins to allow efficient staphylococcal infection. Two treatments that disrupt this action are effective and may provide an alternative to antibiotics. We provide insights into the mechanisms that underlie staphylococcal infection of host cells, linking two known adhesion pathways together through CD9 for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Green
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rahaf Issa
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fawzyah Albaldi
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Urwin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Thompson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Henna Khalid
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E. Turner
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Ciani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lynda J. Partridge
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N. Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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5
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Fu C, Wang J, Pallikkuth S, Ding Y, Chen J, Wren JD, Yang Y, Wong KK, Kameyama H, Jayaraman M, Munshi A, Tanaka T, Lidke KA, Zhang XA. EWI2 prevents EGFR from clustering and endocytosis to reduce tumor cell movement and proliferation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:389. [PMID: 35773608 PMCID: PMC10428948 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
EWI2 is a transmembrane immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) protein that physically associates with tetraspanins and integrins. It inhibits cancer cells by influencing the interactions among membrane molecules including the tetraspanins and integrins. The present study revealed that, upon EWI2 silencing or ablation, the elevated movement and proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and increased cancer metastatic potential and malignancy in vivo are associated with (i) increases in clustering, endocytosis, and then activation of EGFR and (ii) enhancement of Erk MAP kinase signaling. These changes in signaling make cancer cells (i) undergo partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) for more tumor progression and (ii) proliferate faster for better tumor formation. Inhibition of EGFR or Erk kinase can abrogate the cancer cell phenotypes resulting from EWI2 removal. Thus, to inhibit cancer cells, EWI2 prevents EGFR from clustering and endocytosis to restrain its activation and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Fu
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | | | - Yingjun Ding
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Junxiong Chen
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | | | - Yuchao Yang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anupama Munshi
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Takemi Tanaka
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | | | - Xin A Zhang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.
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6
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Soe ZY, Park EJ, Shimaoka M. Integrin Regulation in Immunological and Cancerous Cells and Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2193. [PMID: 33672100 PMCID: PMC7926977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins represent the biologically and medically significant family of cell adhesion molecules that govern a wide range of normal physiology. The activities of integrins in cells are dynamically controlled via activation-dependent conformational changes regulated by the balance of intracellular activators, such as talin and kindlin, and inactivators, such as Shank-associated RH domain interactor (SHARPIN) and integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP-1). The activities of integrins are alternatively controlled by homotypic lateral association with themselves to induce integrin clustering and/or by heterotypic lateral engagement with tetraspanin and syndecan in the same cells to modulate integrin adhesiveness. It has recently emerged that integrins are expressed not only in cells but also in exosomes, important entities of extracellular vesicles secreted from cells. Exosomal integrins have received considerable attention in recent years, and they are clearly involved in determining the tissue distribution of exosomes, forming premetastatic niches, supporting internalization of exosomes by target cells and mediating exosome-mediated transfer of the membrane proteins and associated kinases to target cells. A growing body of evidence shows that tumor and immune cell exosomes have the ability to alter endothelial characteristics (proliferation, migration) and gene expression, some of these effects being facilitated by vesicle-bound integrins. As endothelial metabolism is now thought to play a key role in tumor angiogenesis, we also discuss how tumor cells and their exosomes pleiotropically modulate endothelial functions in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zay Yar Soe
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine, Magway, 7th Mile, Natmauk Road, Magway City 04012, Magway Region, Myanmar
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
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7
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Kim HN, Ruan Y, Ogana H, Kim YM. Cadherins, Selectins, and Integrins in CAM-DR in Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:592733. [PMID: 33425742 PMCID: PMC7793796 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between leukemia cells and the bone microenvironment is known to provide drug resistance in leukemia cells. This phenomenon, called cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR), has been demonstrated in many subsets of leukemia including B- and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B- and T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are surface molecules that allow cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. CAMs not only recognize ligands for binding but also initiate the intracellular signaling pathways that are associated with cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance upon binding to their ligands. Cadherins, selectins, and integrins are well-known cell adhesion molecules that allow binding to neighboring cells, ECM proteins, and soluble factors. The expression of cadherin, selectin, and integrin correlates with the increased drug resistance of leukemia cells. This paper will review the role of cadherins, selectins, and integrins in CAM-DR and the results of clinical trials targeting these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Na Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yongsheng Ruan
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heather Ogana
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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8
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Horiguchi K, Yoshida S, Tsukada T, Nakakura T, Fujiwara K, Hasegawa R, Takigami S, Ohsako S. Expression and functions of cluster of differentiation 9 and 81 in rat mammary epithelial cells. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:515-522. [PMID: 32830152 PMCID: PMC7768173 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 9 and CD81 are closely-related members of the tetraspanin family that consist of four-transmembrane domain proteins.
Cd9 and Cd81 are highly expressed in breast cancer cells; however, their expression in healthy mammary glands is unclear. In
this study, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the expression levels of Cd9 and Cd81. Histological techniques
were employed to identify Cd9- and Cd81-expressing cells in rat mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation. It was observed
that Cd9 and Cd81 were expressed in the mammary glands, and their expression levels correlated with mammary gland development.
To identify cells expressing Cd9 and Cd81 in the mammary glands, we performed double immunohistochemical staining for CD9 and
CD81, prolactin receptor long form, estrogen receptor alpha, or Ki67. The results showed that CD9 and CD81 were co-expressed in proliferating mammary epithelial
cells. Next, we attempted to isolate CD9-positive epithelial cells from the mammary gland using pluriBead cell-separation technology based on antibody-mediated
binding of cells to beads of different sizes, followed by isolation using sieves with different mesh sizes. We successfully isolated CD9-positive epithelial
cells with 96.8% purity. In addition, we observed that small-interfering RNAs against Cd9 and Cd81 inhibited estrogen-induced
proliferation of CD9-positive mammary epithelial cells. Our current findings may provide novel insights into the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells
during pregnancy and lactation as well as in pathological processes associated with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Horiguchi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tsukada
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakakura
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Ken Fujiwara
- Department of Biological Science, Kanagwa University, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Rumi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shu Takigami
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shunji Ohsako
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
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9
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CD9 induces cellular senescence and aggravates atherosclerotic plaque formation. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2681-2696. [PMID: 32346137 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD9, a 24 kDa tetraspanin membrane protein, is known to regulate cell adhesion and migration, cancer progression and metastasis, immune and allergic responses, and viral infection. CD9 is upregulated in senescent endothelial cells, neointima hyperplasia, and atherosclerotic plaques. However, its role in cellular senescence and atherosclerosis remains undefined. We investigated the potential mechanism for CD9-mediated cellular senescence and its role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. CD9 knockdown in senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells significantly rescued senescence phenotypes, while CD9 upregulation in young cells accelerated senescence. CD9 regulated cellular senescence through a phosphatidylinositide 3 kinase-AKT-mTOR-p53 signal pathway. CD9 expression increased in arterial tissues from humans and rats with age, and in atherosclerotic plaques in humans and mice. Anti-mouse CD9 antibody noticeably prevented the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice and Ldlr-/- mice. Furthermore, CD9 ablation in ApoE-/- mice decreased atherosclerotic lesions in aorta and aortic sinus. These results suggest that CD9 plays critical roles in endothelial cell senescence and consequently the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, implying that CD9 is a novel target for prevention and treatment of vascular aging and atherosclerosis.
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10
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Leung KT, Zhang C, Chan KYY, Li K, Cheung JTK, Ng MHL, Zhang XB, Sit T, Lee WYW, Kang W, To KF, Yu JWS, Man TKF, Wang H, Tsang KS, Cheng FWT, Lam GKS, Chow TW, Leung AWK, Leung TF, Yuen PMP, Ng PC, Li CK. CD9 blockade suppresses disease progression of high-risk pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and enhances chemosensitivity. Leukemia 2019; 34:709-720. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Liu J, Zhu G, Jia N, Wang W, Wang Y, Yin M, Jiang X, Huang Y, Zhang J. CD9 regulates keratinocyte migration by negatively modulating the sheddase activity of ADAM17. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:493-506. [PMID: 30745837 PMCID: PMC6367546 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.29404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD9 is a trans-membrane protein, and has recently been implicated in different physiological and cellular processes, such as cell migration and adhesion. According to previous study, down-regulation of CD9 contributes to keratinocyte migration, critical for wound re-epithelialization. Nevertheless, it is widely believed that tetraspanin CD9 does not have ligands or function as the cell surface receptor, rather it is thought to associate with other transmembrane molecules, thereby mediate keratinocyte migration. Little is known about how CD9 associates with transmembrane molecules in migratory keratinocytes. Here, using confocal microscopy, we observed that tetraspanin CD9 and ADAM17 co-localized on the surface of keratinocytes in the course of wound repair in vivo and in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a direct association between CD9 and ADAM17 in HaCaT cells and C57-MKs. Functional studies revealed that down-regulation or over-expression of CD9 exerted negative regulatory effects on ADAM17 sheddase activity. This activity is involved in CD9-regulated cell motility and migration. Further studies found that ADAM17 inhibitor-TAPI-2 or siADAM17 significantly abolished the enhanced effect of keratinocyte migration induced by CD9 down-regulation. Meanwhile, the sheddase activity of ADAM17 was inhibited by TAPI-2, which decreased this release of AREG and HB-EGF in CD9-silenced HaCat cells and C57-MKs. Importantly, neutralizing antibody against HB-EGF significant weakened keratinocyte migration and motility in CD9-silenced keratinocytes, and the inhibition of CD9-regulated keratinocyte migration by siADAM17 was rescued by addition of recombinant HB-EGF, activating EGFR/ERK pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that ADAM17 sheddase activity is activated by down-regulation of CD9, thereby mediating shedding of HB-EGF and activation of EGFR/ERK signaling, which crucially affects the keratinocyte migration and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqin Zhu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Naixin Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meifang Yin
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuping Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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12
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Lee J, McKinney KQ, Pavlopoulos AJ, Han MH, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Hwang S. Exosomal proteome analysis of cerebrospinal fluid detects biosignatures of neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 462:118-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Detchokul S, Williams ED, Parker MW, Frauman AG. Tetraspanins as regulators of the tumour microenvironment: implications for metastasis and therapeutic strategies. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:5462-90. [PMID: 23731188 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED One of the hallmarks of cancer is the ability to activate invasion and metastasis. Cancer morbidity and mortality are largely related to the spread of the primary, localized tumour to adjacent and distant sites. Appropriate management and treatment decisions based on predicting metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis is thus crucial, which supports better understanding of the metastatic process. There are components of metastasis that are common to all primary tumours: dissociation from the primary tumour mass, reorganization/remodelling of extracellular matrix, cell migration, recognition and movement through endothelial cells and the vascular circulation and lodgement and proliferation within ectopic stroma. One of the key and initial events is the increased ability of cancer cells to move, escaping the regulation of normal physiological control. The cellular cytoskeleton plays an important role in cancer cell motility and active cytoskeletal rearrangement can result in metastatic disease. This active change in cytoskeletal dynamics results in manipulation of plasma membrane and cellular balance between cellular adhesion and motility which in turn determines cancer cell movement. Members of the tetraspanin family of proteins play important roles in regulation of cancer cell migration and cancer-endothelial cell interactions, which are critical for cancer invasion and metastasis. Their involvements in active cytoskeletal dynamics, cancer metastasis and potential clinical application will be discussed in this review. In particular, the tetraspanin member, CD151, is highlighted for its major role in cancer invasion and metastasis. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Detchokul
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine (Austin Health/Northern Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
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14
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Abstract
Tetraspanins are a superfamily of small transmembrane proteins that are expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells. Through interacting with one another and with other membrane and intracellular proteins, tetraspanins regulate a wide range of proteins such as integrins, cell surface receptors, and signaling molecules, and thereby engage in diverse cellular processes ranging from cell adhesion and migration to proliferation and differentiation. In particular, tetraspanins modulate the function of proteins involved in all determining factors of cell migration including cell-cell adhesion, cell-ECM adhesion, cytoskeletal protrusion/contraction, and proteolytic ECM remodeling. We herein provide a brief overview of collective in vitro and in vivo studies of tetraspanins to illustrate their regulatory functions in the migration and trafficking of cancer cells, vascular endothelial cells, skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts), and leukocytes. We also discuss the involvement of tetraspanins in various pathologic and remedial processes that rely on cell migration and their potential value as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- a Institute of Burn Research ; State Key Laboratory of Trauma; Burns and Combined Injury; Southwest Hospital; The Third Military Medical University ; Chongqing , China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- a Institute of Burn Research ; State Key Laboratory of Trauma; Burns and Combined Injury; Southwest Hospital; The Third Military Medical University ; Chongqing , China
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15
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Brzoska E, Kowalski K, Markowska-Zagrajek A, Kowalewska M, Archacki R, Plaskota I, Stremińska W, Jańczyk-Ilach K, Ciemerych MA. Sdf-1 (CXCL12) induces CD9 expression in stem cells engaged in muscle regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:46. [PMID: 25890097 PMCID: PMC4445299 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the mechanism of stem cell mobilization into injured skeletal muscles is a prerequisite step for the development of muscle disease therapies. Many of the currently studied stem cell types present myogenic potential; however, when introduced either into the blood stream or directly into the tissue, they are not able to efficiently engraft injured muscle. For this reason their use in therapy is still limited. Previously, we have shown that stromal-derived factor-1 (Sdf-1) caused the mobilization of endogenous (not transplanted) stem cells into injured skeletal muscle improving regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that the beneficial effect of Sdf-1 relies on the upregulation of the tetraspanin CD9 expression in stem cells. METHODS The expression pattern of adhesion proteins, including CD9, was analysed after Sdf-1 treatment during regeneration of rat skeletal muscles and mouse Pax7-/- skeletal muscles, that are characterized by the decreased number of satellite cells. Next, we examined the changes in CD9 level in satellite cells-derived myoblasts, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and embryonic stem cells after Sdf-1 treatment or silencing expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7. Finally, we examined the potential of stem cells to fuse with myoblasts after Sdf-1 treatment. RESULTS In vivo analyses of Pax7-/- mice strongly suggest that Sdf-1-mediates increase in CD9 levels also in mobilized stem cells. In the absence of CXCR4 receptor the effect of Sdf-1 on CD9 expression is blocked. Next, in vitro studies show that Sdf-1 increases the level of CD9 not only in satellite cell-derived myoblasts but also in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, as well as embryonic stem cells. Importantly, the Sdf-1 treated cells migrate and fuse with myoblasts more effectively. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that Sdf-1 binding CXCR4 receptor improves skeletal muscle regeneration by upregulating expression of CD9 and thus, impacting at stem cells mobilization to the injured muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Brzoska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Kowalski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Magdalena Kowalewska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rafał Archacki
- Departament of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Izabela Plaskota
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Władysława Stremińska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jańczyk-Ilach
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maria A Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Holley RJ, Tai G, Williamson AJK, Taylor S, Cain SA, Richardson SM, Merry CLR, Whetton AD, Kielty CM, Canfield AE. Comparative quantification of the surfaceome of human multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:473-88. [PMID: 25684225 PMCID: PMC4375938 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitor cells have great therapeutic potential, yet incomplete characterization of their cell-surface interface limits their clinical exploitation. We have employed subcellular fractionation with quantitative discovery proteomics to define the cell-surface interface proteome of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs). We compared cell-surface-enriched fractions from MSCs and HUCPVCs (three donors each) with adult mesenchymal fibroblasts using eight-channel isobaric-tagging mass spectrometry, yielding relative quantification on >6,000 proteins with high confidence. This approach identified 186 upregulated mesenchymal progenitor biomarkers. Validation of 10 of these markers, including ROR2, EPHA2, and PLXNA2, confirmed upregulated expression in mesenchymal progenitor populations and distinct roles in progenitor cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Our approach has delivered a cell-surface proteome repository that now enables improved selection and characterization of human mesenchymal progenitor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Holley
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Guangping Tai
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew J K Williamson
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Samuel Taylor
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stuart A Cain
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stephen M Richardson
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Cay M Kielty
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Ann E Canfield
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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17
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Lee KJ, Lee SH, Yadav BK, Ju HM, Kim MS, Park JH, Jeoung D, Lee H, Hahn JH. The activation of CD99 inhibits cell-extracellular matrix adhesion by suppressing β(1) integrin affinity. BMB Rep 2014; 45:159-64. [PMID: 22449702 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD99 is known to be involved in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion. However, it remains unclear whether CD99 controls cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. In this study, the effects of CD99 activation on cell-extracellular matrix adhesion were investigated. It was found that engagement of CD99 with the stimulating antibody YG32 downregulated the adhesion of MCF-7 cells to fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV in a dose-dependent manner. The CD99 effect on cell-ECM adhesion was inhibited by overexpression of the dominant negative form of CD99 or CD99 siRNA transfection. Treatment of cells with Mn(2+) or by β(1) integrin-stimulating antibody restored the inhibitory effect of CD99 on cell-ECM adhesion. Cross-linking CD99 inactivated β(1) integrin through conformational change. CD99 activation caused dephosphorylation at Tyr-397 in FAK, which was restored by the β(1) stimulating antibody. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that CD99 inhibits cell-extracellular matrix adhesion by suppressing β(1) integrin affinity. [BMB reports 2012; 45(3): 159-164].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Lee
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
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18
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Blumenthal A, Giebel J, Warsow G, Li L, Ummanni R, Schordan S, Schordan E, Klemm P, Gretz N, Endlich K, Endlich N. Mechanical stress enhances CD9 expression in cultured podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F602-13. [PMID: 25503725 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00190.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated glomerular pressure represents a high risk for the development of severe kidney diseases and causes an increase in mechanical load to podocytes. In this study, we investigated whether mechanical stress alters gene expression in cultured podocytes using gene arrays. We found that tetraspanin CD9 is significantly upregulated in cultured podocytes after mechanical stress. The differential expression of CD9 was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting under stretched and unstretched conditions. Furthermore, mechanical stress resulted in a relocalization of CD9. To get an insight into the functional role of CD9, podocytes were transfected with pEGFP-CD9. The expression of CD9 induced the formation of substratum-attached thin arborized protrusions. Ca(2+) depletion revealed that podocytes overexpressing CD9 possess altered adhesive properties in contrast to the control transfected cells. Finally, elevated CD9 expression increased migration of podocytes in a wound assay. In summary, our results suggest that upregulation of CD9 may play an important role in podocyte morphology, adhesion, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blumenthal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Giebel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany;
| | - G Warsow
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - L Li
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R Ummanni
- Center for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; and
| | - S Schordan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - E Schordan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Klemm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Gretz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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19
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Switch from αvβ5 to αvβ6 integrin is required for CD9-regulated keratinocyte migration and MMP-9 activation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4044-52. [PMID: 25265322 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Our previous research found that tetraspanin CD9 is downregulated in migrating epidermis during wound healing, and CD9 downregulation contributes to keratinocyte migration via matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in CD9-regulated keratinocyte migration and MMP-9 activation. In this study, we revealed that the expressions of integrin subunits β5 and β6 were regulated by CD9. Furthermore, CD9 silencing triggered the switch from αvβ5 to αvβ6 integrin in HaCaT keratinocytes and CD9 overexpression reversed the switch. Importantly, integrin αvβ6 functional blocking antibody 10D5 significantly inhibited CD9 silencing-induced keratinocyte migration and MMP-9 activation, suggesting that the switch from αvβ5 to αvβ6 integrin plays a key role in CD9-regulated cell migration and MMP-9 activation in keratinocytes.
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20
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Tetraspanin CD9 regulates cell contraction and actin arrangement via RhoA in human vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106999. [PMID: 25184334 PMCID: PMC4153684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent cardiovascular diseases arise from alterations in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) morphology and function. Tetraspanin CD9 has been previously implicated in regulating vascular pathologies; however, insight into how CD9 may regulate adverse VSMC phenotypes has not been provided. We utilized a human model of aortic smooth muscle cells to understand the consequences of CD9 deficiency on VSMC phenotypes. Upon knocking down CD9, the cells developed an abnormally small and rounded morphology. We determined that this morphological change was due to a lack of typical parallel actin arrangement. We also found similar total RhoA but decreased GTP-bound (active) RhoA levels in CD9 deficient cells. As a result, cells lacking a full complement of CD9 were less contractile than their control treated counterparts. Upon restoration of RhoA activity in the CD9 deficient cells, the phenotype was reversed and cell contraction was restored. Conversely, inhibition of RhoA activity in the control cells mimicked the CD9-deficient cell phenotype. Thus, alteration in CD9 expression was sufficient to profoundly disrupt cellular actin arrangement and endogenous cell contraction by interfering with RhoA signaling. This study provides insight into how CD9 may regulate previously described vascular smooth muscle cell pathophysiology.
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21
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Herr MJ, Longhurst CM, Baker B, Homayouni R, Speich HE, Kotha J, Jennings LK. Tetraspanin CD9 modulates human lymphoma cellular proliferation via histone deacetylase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:616-20. [PMID: 24747564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a type of hematological malignancy that affects two percent of the overall population in the United States. Tetraspanin CD9 is a cell surface protein that has been thoroughly demonstrated to be a molecular facilitator of cellular phenotype. CD9 expression varies in two human lymphoma cell lines, Raji and BJAB. In this report, we investigated the functional relationship between CD9 and cell proliferation regulated by histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in these two cell lines. Introduction of CD9 expression in Raji cells resulted in significantly increased cell proliferation and HDAC activity compared to Mock transfected Raji cells. The increase in CD9-Raji cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) treatment. Pretreatment of BJAB cells with HDAC inhibitors resulted in a significant decrease in endogenous CD9 mRNA and cell surface expression. BJAB cells also displayed decreased cell proliferation after HDACi treatment. These results suggest a significant relationship between CD9 expression and cell proliferation in human lymphoma cells that may be modulated by HDAC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Herr
- Vascular Biology Center of Excellence, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Molecular Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Celia M Longhurst
- Vascular Biology Center of Excellence, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Benjamin Baker
- Vascular Biology Center of Excellence, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Ramin Homayouni
- Department of Biology, Bioinformatics Program, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States
| | - Henry E Speich
- Vascular Biology Center of Excellence, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Jayaprakash Kotha
- Vascular Biology Center of Excellence, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Lisa K Jennings
- Vascular Biology Center of Excellence, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Molecular Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Biology, Bioinformatics Program, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States.
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22
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Yoon SO, Lee IY, Zhang X, Zapata MC, Choi YS. CD9 may contribute to the survival of human germinal center B cells by facilitating the interaction with follicular dendritic cells. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:370-6. [PMID: 24918051 PMCID: PMC4050195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) is a dynamic microenvironment where antigen (Ag)-activated B cells rapidly expand and differentiate, generating plasma cells (PC) that produce high-affinity antibodies. Precise regulation of survival and proliferation of Ag-activated B cells within the GC is crucial for humoral immune responses. The follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are the specialized stromal cells in the GC that prevent apoptosis of GC-B cells. Recently, we reported that human GC-B cells consist of CD9+ and CD9- populations and that it is the CD9+ cells that are committed to the PC lineage. In this study, we investigated the functional role of CD9 on GC-B cells. Tonsillar tissue section staining revealed that in vivo CD9+ GC-B cells localized in the light zone FDC area. Consistent this, in vitro CD9+ GC-B cells survived better than CD9- GC-B cells in the presence of HK cells, an FDC line, in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. The frozen tonsillar tissue section binding assay showed that CD9+ GC-B cells bound to the GC area of tonsillar tissues significantly more than the CD9- GC-B cells did and that the binding was significantly inhibited by neutralizing anti-integrin β1 antibody. Furthermore, CD9+ cells bound to soluble VCAM-1 more than CD9- cells did, resulting in activation and stabilization of the active epitope of integrin β1. All together, our data suggest that CD9 on GC-B cells contributes to survival by strengthening their binding to FDC through the VLA4/VCAM-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ok Yoon
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - In Yong Lee
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mariana C Zapata
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yong Sung Choi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Termini CM, Cotter ML, Marjon KD, Buranda T, Lidke KA, Gillette JM. The membrane scaffold CD82 regulates cell adhesion by altering α4 integrin stability and molecular density. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1560-73. [PMID: 24623721 PMCID: PMC4019488 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-11-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) interactions with the bone marrow microenvironment are important for maintaining HSPC self-renewal and differentiation. In recent work, we identified the tetraspanin protein, CD82, as a regulator of HPSC adhesion and homing to the bone marrow, although the mechanism by which CD82 mediated adhesion was unclear. In the present study, we determine that CD82 expression alters cell-matrix adhesion, as well as integrin surface expression. By combining the superresolution microscopy imaging technique, direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, with protein clustering algorithms, we identify a critical role for CD82 in regulating the membrane organization of α4 integrin subunits. Our data demonstrate that CD82 overexpression increases the molecular density of α4 within membrane clusters, thereby increasing cellular adhesion. Furthermore, we find that the tight packing of α4 into membrane clusters depend on CD82 palmitoylation and the presence of α4 integrin ligands. In combination, these results provide unique quantifiable evidence of CD82's contribution to the spatial arrangement of integrins within the plasma membrane and suggest that regulation of integrin density by tetraspanins is a critical component of cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Termini
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Maura L Cotter
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Kristopher D Marjon
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Tione Buranda
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Keith A Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Jennifer M Gillette
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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24
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Xuan H, Hu X, Huang J. Role of motility-related protein-1 in promoting the development of several types of cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2014; 7:611-615. [PMID: 24520284 PMCID: PMC3919945 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motility-related protein-1 (CD9), a type of cell surface glycoprotein comprising a four-pass transmembrane domain that forms multimeric complexes with other cell surface proteins, belongs to the tetraspanins family. From previous studies, we know that CD9 is considered to function primarily as a progression and metastasis suppressor in a variety of cancers, including breast, non-small cell lung colon and myeloma. However, an expanding body of literature has shown the contradictory outcome that tetraspanin CD9 is also vital in promoting cancer progression in several types of cancer. This review summarizes the recent studies on CD9 and concludes that it does not always act as a progression and metastasis suppressor. Conversely, in specific cases, CD9 may promote tumor progression through the following three aspects: Facilitating tumor cell transmigration, increasing tumor cell motility and hastening the growth of some cancers. In addition, CD9 appears to be an important marker of cancer stem cells in certain types of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xuan
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jinwen Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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Herr MJ, Mabry SE, Jameson JF, Jennings LK. Pro-MMP-9 upregulation in HT1080 cells expressing CD9 is regulated by epidermal growth factor receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 442:99-104. [PMID: 24246676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) drives invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. We previously demonstrated that tetraspanin CD9 expression upregulates pro-MMP-9 expression and release and promotes cellular invasion in a human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080). These events were dependent upon the highly functional second extracellular loop of CD9. We report here that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase expression and activity are involved in the CD9-mediated increase in pro-MMP-9 release and cellular invasion. Pro-MMP-9 expression was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner using first a broad spectrum receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor and multiple specific EGFR inhibitors in CD9-HT1080 cells. Furthermore, gefitinib treatment of CD9-HT1080 cells reduced invasion through matrigel. EGFR knockdown using short interfering RNA resulted in decreased pro-MMP-9 expression and release into the media and subsequent cellular invasion without affecting CD9 expression or localization. Conclusively, this study points to EGFR as a key mediator between CD9-mediated pro-MMP-9 release and cellular invasion of HT1080 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Herr
- The Vascular Biology Center of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, USA
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Soekmadji C, Russell PJ, Nelson CC. Exosomes in prostate cancer: putting together the pieces of a puzzle. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1522-44. [PMID: 24351670 PMCID: PMC3875952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have been shown to act as mediators for cell to cell communication and as a potential source of biomarkers for many diseases, including prostate cancer. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles secreted by cells and consist of proteins normally found in multivesicular bodies, RNA, DNA and lipids. As a potential source of biomarkers, exosomes have attracted considerable attention, as their protein content resembles that of their cells of origin, even though it is noted that the proteins, miRNAs and lipids found in the exosomes are not a reflective stoichiometric sampling of the contents from the parent cells. While the biogenesis of exosomes in dendritic cells and platelets has been extensively characterized, much less is known about the biogenesis of exosomes in cancer cells. An understanding of the processes involved in prostate cancer will help to further elucidate the role of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer progression and metastasis. There are few methodologies available for general isolation of exosomes, however validation of those methodologies is necessary to study the role of exosomal-derived biomarkers in various diseases. In this review, we discuss “exosomes” as a member of the family of extracellular vesicles and their potential to provide candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soekmadji
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Level 3 West, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
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Tetraspanin CD9 promotes the invasive phenotype of human fibrosarcoma cells via upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67766. [PMID: 23840773 PMCID: PMC3696041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell metastasis, a process which increases the morbidity and mortality of cancer patients, is highly dependent upon matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production. Small molecule inhibitors of MMPs have proven unsuccessful at reducing tumor cell invasion in vivo. Therefore, finding an alternative approach to regulate MMP is an important endeavor. Tetraspanins, a family of cell surface organizers, play a major role in cell signaling events and have been implicated in regulating metastasis in numerous cancer cell lines. We stably expressed tetraspanin CD9 in an invasive and metastatic human fibrosarcoma cell line (CD9-HT1080) to investigate its role in regulating tumor cell invasiveness. CD9-HT1080 cells displayed a highly invasive phenotype as demonstrated by matrigel invasion assays. Statistically significant increases in MMP-9 production and activity were attributed to CD9 expression and were not due to any changes in other key tetraspanin complex members or MMP regulators. Increased invasion of CD9-HT1080 cells was reversed upon silencing of MMP-9 using a MMP-9 specific siRNA. Furthermore, we determined that the second extracellular loop of CD9 was responsible for the upregulation of MMP-9 production and subsequent cell invasion. We demonstrated for the first time that tetraspanin CD9 controls HT1080 cell invasion via upregulation of an integral member of the MMP family, MMP-9. Collectively, our studies provide mounting evidence that altered expression of CD9 may be a novel approach to regulate tumor cell progression.
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Hálová I, Dráberová L, Bambousková M, Machyna M, Stegurová L, Smrž D, Dráber P. Cross-talk between tetraspanin CD9 and transmembrane adaptor protein non-T cell activation linker (NTAL) in mast cell activation and chemotaxis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9801-9814. [PMID: 23443658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.449231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis, a process leading to movement of cells toward increasing concentrations of chemoattractants, is essential, among others, for recruitment of mast cells within target tissues where they play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. Chemotaxis is driven by chemoattractants, produced by various cell types, as well as by intrinsic cellular regulators, which are poorly understood. In this study we prepared a new mAb specific for the tetraspanin CD9. Binding of the antibody to bone marrow-derived mast cells triggered activation events that included cell degranulation, Ca(2+) response, dephosphorylation of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family proteins, and potent tyrosine phosphorylation of the non-T cell activation linker (NTAL) but only weak phosphorylation of the linker for activation of T cells (LAT). Phosphorylation of the NTAL was observed with whole antibody but not with its F(ab)(2) or Fab fragments. This indicated involvement of the Fcγ receptors. As documented by electron microscopy of isolated plasma membrane sheets, CD9 colocalized with the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) and NTAL but not with LAT. Further tests showed that both anti-CD9 antibody and its F(ab)(2) fragment inhibited mast cell chemotaxis toward antigen. Experiments with bone marrow-derived mast cells deficient in NTAL and/or LAT revealed different roles of these two adaptors in antigen-driven chemotaxis. The combined data indicate that chemotaxis toward antigen is controlled in mast cells by a cross-talk among FcεRI, tetraspanin CD9, transmembrane adaptor proteins NTAL and LAT, and cytoskeleton-regulatory proteins of the ERM family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Hálová
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Dráberová
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Bambousková
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Machyna
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Stegurová
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Smrž
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dráber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Pellinen T, Rantala JK, Arjonen A, Mpindi JP, Kallioniemi O, Ivaska J. A functional genetic screen reveals new regulators of β1-integrin activity. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:649-61. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.090704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β1 integrins constitute a large group of widely distributed adhesion receptors, which regulate the ability of cells to interact with their surroundings. This regulation of the expression and activity of integrins is crucial for tissue homeostasis and development and contributes to inflammation and cancer. We report an RNA interference screen to uncover genes involved in the regulation of β1-integrin activity using cell spot microarray technology in cancer cell lines. Altogether, ten cancer and two normal cell lines were used to identify regulators of β1 integrin activity. Cell biological analysis of the identified β1-integrin regulatory genes revealed that modulation of integrin activity can influence cell invasion in a three-dimensional matrix. We demonstrate with loss-of-function and rescue experiments that CD9 activates and MMP8 inactivates β1 integrins and that both proteins associate with β1 integrins in cells. Furthermore, CD9 and MMP8 regulate cancer cell extravasation in vivo. Our discovery of new regulators of β1-integrin activity highlight the complexity of integrin activity regulation and provide a set of new genes involved in regulation of integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teijo Pellinen
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Biomedicum 2U, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha K. Rantala
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Arjonen
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - John-Patrick Mpindi
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Biomedicum 2U, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Biomedicum 2U, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
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Zhang J, Dong J, Gu H, Yu S, Zhang X, Gou Y, Xu W, Burd A, Huang L, Miyado K, Huang Y, Chan HC. CD9 is critical for cutaneous wound healing through JNK signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 132:226-36. [PMID: 21881583 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous injury triggers a cascade of signaling events essential for wound re-epithelialization. CD9, a cell-surface protein, has been implicated in a number of cellular processes by coupling to intracellular signaling; however, its exact role in wound healing remains unidentified. We reported that CD9 was downregulated in migrating epidermis, and reelevated to basal level when re-epithelialization was completed. Although low level of CD9 appears to be required for normal wound healing, a significant healing delay was found in CD9-null mice, with wounds gaping wider on day 5 and day 7 post wounding. Further analysis showed that re-epithelialization was adversely affected in CD9-null mice, due to impaired migration of epidermis. Notably, CD9 deficiency caused a persistent enhancement of C-JUN NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) signaling primarily in migrating epidermis with abnormal elevation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 detected in CD9-null wounds, leading to excessive degradation of type IV collagen, and thus a defective basement membrane at the wound site. JNK suppression reduced MMP-9 production and therefore ameliorated the healing delay with the appearance of significantly elongated migrating epidermis in CD9-null mice. Our study demonstrated the importance of CD9 in wound re-epithelialization, linking this molecule directly to basement membrane formation and epidermal migration through participating in the regulation of the JNK/MMP-9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Zhang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Tetraspanin CD9 is associated with integrin adhesion receptors and it was reported that CD9 regulates integrin-dependent cell migration and invasion. Pro- and anti-migratory effects of CD9 have been linked to adhesion-dependent signalling pathways, including phosphorylation of FAK (focal adhesion kinase) and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase). In the present paper, we describe a novel mechanism whereby CD9 specifically controls localization of talin1, one of the critical regulators of integrin activation, to focal adhesions: CD9-deficiency leads to impaired localization of talin1 to focal adhesions and correlates with increased motility of breast cancer cells.
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CD9P-1 expression correlates with the metastatic status of lung cancer, and a truncated form of CD9P-1, GS-168AT2, inhibits in vivo tumour growth. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:496-504. [PMID: 21206492 PMCID: PMC3049554 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of CD9 expression has been correlated with a higher motility and metastatic potential of tumour cells originating from different organs. However, the mechanism underlying this loss is not yet understood. METHODS We produced a truncated form of partner 1 of CD9 (CD9P-1), GS-168AT2, and developed a new monoclonal antibody directed towards the latter. We measured the expression of CD9 and CD9P-1 in human lung tumours (hLTs), and monitored the level of CD9 in NCI-H460, in vitro and in vivo, in the presence and absence of GS-168AT2. RESULTS Loss of CD9 is inversely related to the expression of CD9P-1, which correlates with the metastatic status of hLT (n=55). In vitro, GS-168AT2 is rapidly internalised and degraded at both the membrane and cytoplasm of NCI-H460, and this correlates with the association of GS-168AT2 with both CD9 and CD81. Intraperitoneal injections of GS-168AT2 in NCI-H460-xenografted Nude mice led to drastic inhibition of tumour growth, as well as to the downregulation of CD9, but not of CD81, in the tumour core. CONCLUSION These findings show for the first time that CD9P-1 expression positively correlates with the metastatic status of hLT, and that the upregulation of CD9P-1 expression could be one of the mechanisms underlying the loss of CD9 in solid tumours. Our study also reveals that, under certain conditions, loss of CD9 could be a tumour growth-limiting phenomenon rather than a tumour growth-promoting one.
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Chamorro-Jorganes A, Calleros L, Griera M, Saura M, Luengo A, Rodriguez-Puyol D, Rodriguez-Puyol M. Fibronectin upregulates cGMP-dependent protein kinase type Iβ through C/EBP transcription factor activation in contractile cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 300:C683-91. [PMID: 21160032 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00251.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) pathway exerts most of its cellular actions through the activation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Accumulation of extracellular matrix is one of the main structural changes in pathological conditions characterized by a decreased activity of this pathway, such as hypertension, diabetes, or aging, and it is a well-known fact that extracellular matrix proteins modulate cell phenotype through the interaction with membrane receptors such as integrins. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate whether extracellular matrix proteins, particularly fibronectin (FN), modulate PKG expression in contractile cells, 2) to analyze the mechanisms involved, and 3) to evaluate the functional consequences. FN increased type I PKG (PKG-I) protein content in human mesangial cells, an effect dependent on the interaction with β(1)-integrin. The FN upregulation of PKG-I protein content was due to increased mRNA expression, determined by augmented transcriptional activity of the PKG-I promoter region. Akt and the transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) mediated the genesis of these changes. FN also increased PKG-I in another type of contractile cell, rat vascular smooth muscle cells (RVSMC). Tirofiban, a pharmacological analog of FN, increased PKG-I protein content in RVSMC and rat aortic walls and magnified the hypotensive effect of dibutyryl cGMP in conscious Wistar rats. The present results provide evidence of a mechanism able to increase PKG-I protein content in contractile cells. Elucidation of this novel mechanism provides a rationale for future pharmacotherapy in certain vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranzazu Chamorro-Jorganes
- Dept. of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
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Chen S, Sun Y, Jin Z, Jing X. Functional and biochemical studies of CD9 in fibrosarcoma cell line. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 350:89-99. [PMID: 21161334 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD9, a member of the tetraspanin family, plays important roles in a variety of cell activities. Fibrosarcoma is a malignant tumor that arises from fibroblasts. Low CD9 expression is found in fibrosarcoma tumor, but function of CD9 in fibrosarcoma has been rarely studied. In this study, stable cell lines for CD9 overexpression and vector were generated in HT1080, a human fibroscarcoma cell line, and cellular functions were widely investigated. In CD9-HT1080 cells, CD9 mainly localized in the membrane and co-localized with F-actin in the filopodia of cell surface. In functional assays, we demonstrated that CD9 could up-regulate total and active caspase-3 expression and induce cell apoptosis, but cell proliferation remained unchanged. CD9 overexpression inhibited HT1080 cell adhesion to FN but promoted cell spreading on FN. We also observed CD9 reduced cell migration using FN a chemoattractant and inhibited cell colony formation in soft agar medium. To explore the biochemical mechanism for functional changes, we investigated the effects of CD9 overexpression on cellular pathways and protein association. CD9 overexpression induced Akt phosphorylation on FN but did not change total Akt expression. Phosphorylation of p38 but not ERK was increased by CD9 overexpression, total p38 and ERK were not affected. CD9 overexpression did not affect the expression of TGFα, EGFR, β1, and EWI-2, but EWI-F expression was up-regulated. Moreover, CD9 could associate with TGFα, EGFR, β1, EWI-2, and EWI-F in HT1080 cell line. Take together, CD9 overexpression had promoting effects on cell apoptosis and cell spreading, but had inhibitory effects on cell adhesion, migration, and cell colony formation. These effects might be ascribed to CD9 associations with EWI-2/EWI-F/β1 complex and EGFR pathway, and the activation of Akt and p38 signalings as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Chen
- Institute of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Native type IV collagen induces cell migration through a CD9 and DDR1-dependent pathway in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 89:843-52. [PMID: 20709424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD9 is a member of the tetraspanin family and is widely expressed in the plasma membrane of several cell types as well as malignant cells. CD9 associates with a number of transmembrane proteins, which facilitates biological processes, including cell signaling, adhesion, migration and proliferation. DDR1 is activated by native type IV collagen and overexpressed in human breast cancer. Type IV collagen is the main component of basement membranes, and may interact with cell surface biomolecules, promoting adhesion and motility. However, the role of DDR1 and type IV collagen in the regulation of CD9-cell surface levels and migration in breast cancer cells has not been studied in detail. We demonstrate here that native type IV collagen induces a transient increase of CD9-cell surface levels through a DDR1-dependent pathway in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, as revealed by flow cytometry and Western blotting using specific antibodies that recognize CD9. In contrast, type IV collagen does not induce any increase of CD9-cell surface levels in the mammary non-tumorigenic epithelial cells MCF10A and MCF12A. Transient increase of CD9-cell surface levels is coupled with clathrin-mediated endocytosis and it is dependent of DDR1 expression. In addition, type IV collagen induces cell migration through a DDR1 and CD9-dependent pathway. In summary, our data demonstrate, for the first time, that native type IV collagen induces a transient increase of CD9-cell surface levels and cell migration through a DDR1 and CD9-dependent pathway in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Yubero N, Jiménez-Marín A, Lucena C, Barbancho M, Garrido JJ. Immunohistochemical distribution of the tetraspanin CD9 in normal porcine tissues. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1021-8. [PMID: 20585885 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The tetra-membrane-spanning protein, CD9 is a 24-27 kDa cell surface glycoprotein expressed in a wide variety of human cells being involved in a variety of cell processes, including signaling, adhesion, motility, fertilization and tumor cells metastasis. By means of a polyclonal antibody (N1) raised against recombinant swine CD9 protein, we studied the immunohistochemical expression of CD9 on different normal swine tissues. Immunochemistry shows that swine CD9 was distribute in a similar form than in human tissues, being present on epithelial cells of lung, liver, kidney, skin, tonsil, testis (epididymo), gut mucosa, uterus and mama. Furthermore, polyclonal antibody against swine CD9 reacts with white matter from cerebrum and cerebellum, peripheral nerves fibers and Hassal corpuscle from thymus and ovum. Platelets react strongly with our antibody, but monocytes and neutrophils react lightly. These results suggest that CD9 antigen should play a similar functional role in swine and human and therefore studies on CD9 on swine as an animal model would allow new knowledge about its role in adhesion, fertilization and tumor metastasis among other important biomedical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Yubero
- Genomics and Animal Breeding Group, Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus De Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
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Abstract
Within the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors, integrins alpha3beta1, alpha6beta1, alpha6beta4 and alpha7beta1 make up a laminin-binding subfamily. The literature is divided on the role of these laminin-binding integrins in metastasis, with different studies indicating either pro- or antimetastatic functions. The opposing roles of the laminin-binding integrins in different settings might derive in part from their unusually robust associations with tetraspanin proteins. Tetraspanins organise integrins into multiprotein complexes within discrete plasma membrane domains termed tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). TEM association is crucial to the strikingly rapid cell migration mediated by some of the laminin-binding integrins. However, emerging data suggest that laminin-binding integrins also promote the stability of E-cadherin-based cell-cell junctions, and that tetraspanins are essential for this function as well. Thus, TEM association endows the laminin-binding integrins with both pro-invasive functions (rapid migration) and anti-invasive functions (stable cell junctions), and the composition of TEMs in different cell types might help determine the balance between these opposing activities. Unravelling the tetraspanin control mechanisms that regulate laminin-binding integrins will help to define the settings where inhibiting the function of these integrins would be helpful rather than harmful, and may create opportunities to modulate integrin activity in more sophisticated ways than simple functional blockade.
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Yáñez-Mó M, Barreiro O, Gordon-Alonso M, Sala-Valdés M, Sánchez-Madrid F. Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains: a functional unit in cell plasma membranes. Trends Cell Biol 2009; 19:434-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Despite high expression levels at the plasma membrane or in intracellular vesicles, tetraspanins remain among the most mysterious transmembrane molecules 20 years after their discovery. Several genetic studies in mammals and invertebrates have demonstrated key physiological roles for some of these tetraspanins, in particular in the immune response, sperm-egg fusion, photoreceptor function and the normal function of certain epithelia. Other studies have highlighted their ability to modulate cell migration and metastasis formation. Their role in the propagation of infectious agents has drawn recent attention, with evidence for HIV budding in tetraspanin-enriched plasma membrane domains. Infection of hepatocytic cells by two major pathogens, the hepatitis C virus and the malaria parasite, also requires the tetraspanin CD81. The function of tetraspanins is thought to be linked to their ability to associate with one another and a wealth of other integral proteins, thereby building up an interacting network or 'tetraspanin web'. On the basis of the biochemical dissection of the tetraspanin web and recent analysis of the dynamics of some of its constituents, we propose that tetraspanins tightly regulate transient interactions between a variety of molecules and as such favour the efficient assembly of specialized structures upon proper stimulation.
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Functional relevance of tetraspanin CD9 in vascular smooth muscle cell injury phenotypes: A novel target for the prevention of neointimal hyperplasia. Atherosclerosis 2009; 203:377-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Tetraspanins are multiple membrane-spanning proteins that likely function as the organizers of membrane microdomains. Tetraspanins associate with other membrane-bound molecules such as cell-adhesion proteins, growth factor receptors, and Ig superfamily members and regulate key cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, and fusion. Tetraspanins are widely expressed in vascular and haematopoietic cells and are involved in both physiological and pathological processes related to angiogenesis, vascular injury, thrombosis, and haemostasis. A wide body of evidence suggests that tetraspanins directly regulate the development and functions of the vascular system and the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. This article reviews current understanding of the roles of tetraspanins in vascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Vascular Biology Center of Excellence, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Abstract
Platelets play a pivotal role in atherothrombosis and therefore are primary targets of antithrombotic therapy. They release an array of agonists, such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP); adhesive molecules, such as P-selectin, thrombospondin, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor; coagulation factors; and growth factors. In turn, they present transmembrane receptors for a plethora of agonists and ligands. Heterodimeric glycoproteins of the integrin family bind extracellular matrix and plasma proteins; mediate adhesion, activation, spreading, and aggregation; and facilitate intercellular bidirectional signal transduction. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa is the most abundant platelet integrin and membrane surface glycoprotein. Glycolipids, heparins, proteoglycans, tetraspanins, and a multitude of other molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, CD40L, growth arrest-specific 6, Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, and signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptors, have been implicated in atherothrombosis. ADP promotes platelet aggregation by binding to platelet surface receptors P2Y(1) and P2Y(12); the thienopyridines inhibit aggregation by binding covalently to P2Y(12). Thrombin, a potent initiator of platelet aggregation, activates platelets by cleaving protease-activated receptors (PARs) PAR-1 and PAR-4 and further propagates its effect by activating nearby platelets. A number of pharmacologic agents with antiplatelet actions have been developed, but the search continues for agents that strike an optimal balance between control of thrombosis and serious bleeding.
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