1
|
Reale A, Khong T, Mithraprabhu S, Savvidou I, Hocking J, Bergin K, Ramachandran M, Chen M, Dammacco F, Ria R, Silvestris F, Vacca A, Reynolds J, Spencer A. TOP2A expression predicts responsiveness to carfilzomib in myeloma and informs novel combinatorial strategies for enhanced proteasome inhibitor cell killing. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 62:337-347. [PMID: 33131357 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1832659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Microarray was utilized to determine if a genetic signature associated with resistance to carfilzomib (CFZ) could be identified. Twelve human myeloma (MM) cell lines (HMCLs) were treated with CFZ and a cell-viability profile was assessed categorizing HMCLs as sensitive or resistant to CFZ. The gene expression profiles (GEP) of untreated resistant versus sensitive HMCLs revealed 29 differentially expressed genes. TOP2A, an enzyme involved in cell cycle and proliferation, was overexpressed in carfilzomib-resistant HMCLs. TOP2A protein expression levels, evaluated utilizing trephine biopsy specimens acquired prior to treatment with proteasome inhibitors, were higher in patients failing to achieve a response when compared to responding patients. Logistic-regression analysis confirmed that TOP2A protein expression was a highly significant predictor of response to PIs (AUC 0.738). Further, the combination of CFZ with TOP2A inhibitors, demonstrated synergistic cytotoxic effects in vitro, providing a rationale for combining topoisomerase inhibitors with CFZ to overcome resistance in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reale
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, The Alfred Hospital/Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tiffany Khong
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, The Alfred Hospital/Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sridurga Mithraprabhu
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, The Alfred Hospital/Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ioanna Savvidou
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, The Alfred Hospital/Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jay Hocking
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, The Alfred Hospital/Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Box Hill, Melbourne, Australia.,Myeloma Clinic, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Krystal Bergin
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, The Alfred Hospital/Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malarmathy Ramachandran
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, The Alfred Hospital/Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, The Alfred Hospital/Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Dammacco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Department of Internal Medicine and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Silvestris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - John Reynolds
- Biostatistics Consulting Platform, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, The Alfred Hospital/Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sciascia N, Wu W, Zong D, Sun Y, Wong N, John S, Wangsa D, Ried T, Bunting SF, Pommier Y, Nussenzweig A. Suppressing proteasome mediated processing of topoisomerase II DNA-protein complexes preserves genome integrity. eLife 2020; 9:e53447. [PMID: 32057297 PMCID: PMC7089766 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves topological stress in DNA by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via a transient, covalently linked TOP2 DNA-protein intermediate, termed TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc). TOP2ccs are normally rapidly reversible, but can be stabilized by TOP2 poisons, such as the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide (ETO). TOP2 poisons have shown significant variability in their therapeutic effectiveness across different cancers for reasons that remain to be determined. One potential explanation for the differential cellular response to these drugs is in the manner by which cells process TOP2ccs. Cells are thought to remove TOP2ccs primarily by proteolytic degradation followed by DNA DSB repair. Here, we show that proteasome-mediated repair of TOP2cc is highly error-prone. Pre-treating primary splenic mouse B-cells with proteasome inhibitors prevented the proteolytic processing of trapped TOP2ccs, suppressed the DNA damage response (DDR) and completely protected cells from ETO-induced genome instability, thereby preserving cellular viability. When degradation of TOP2cc was suppressed, the TOP2 enzyme uncoupled itself from the DNA following ETO washout, in an error-free manner. This suggests a potential mechanism of developing resistance to topoisomerase poisons by ensuring rapid TOP2cc reversal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Sciascia
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington UniversityWashingtonUnited States
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Dali Zong
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Yilun Sun
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Nancy Wong
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Sam John
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Samuel F Bunting
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Willenbacher E, Jöhrer K, Willenbacher W, Flögel B, Greil R, Kircher B. Pixantrone demonstrates significant in vitro activity against multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia. Ann Hematol 2019; 98:2569-2578. [PMID: 31628518 PMCID: PMC6848044 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Treatment results for multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia have considerably improved, but cure remains elusive and establishing new therapeutic approaches constitutes a major unmet clinical need. We analyzed the anti-myeloma properties of the aza-anthracenedione pixantrone which has been successfully used in a phase III study for the treatment of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as monotherapy as well as in combination regimes in vitro and in an adapted in vivo model (ex ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay). Pixantrone significantly inhibited proliferation and metabolic activity of all investigated myeloma cell lines. Importantly, anti-myeloma effects were more pronounced in tumor cell lines than in stromal cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy controls. Apoptosis of myeloma cell lines was observed only after a 7-day incubation period, indicating a fast cytostatic and a slower cytotoxic effect of this drug. Pixantrone reduced the viability of primary plasma cells of patients and induced downregulation of myeloma-cell growth in the CAM assay. Additionally, we demonstrate in vitro synergism between pixantrone and the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat with respect to its anti-proliferative features. From these data, we conclude that systematic investigations of the clinical usefulness of pixantrone in the framework of controlled clinical trials are clearly indicated (e.g., in penta-refractory patients).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Willenbacher
- Internal Medicine V (Hematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Jöhrer
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Willenbacher
- Internal Medicine V (Hematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Oncotyrol, Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Flögel
- Internal Medicine V (Hematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine III, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Internal Medicine V (Hematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Skok Ž, Zidar N, Kikelj D, Ilaš J. Dual Inhibitors of Human DNA Topoisomerase II and Other Cancer-Related Targets. J Med Chem 2019; 63:884-904. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Skok
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nace Zidar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ilaš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Targeting the Proteasome in Refractory Pediatric Leukemia Cells: Characterization of Effective Cytotoxicity of Carfilzomib. Target Oncol 2019; 13:779-793. [PMID: 30446871 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia accounts for 30% of all childhood cancers and although the survival rate for pediatric leukemia has greatly improved, relapse is a major cause of treatment failure. Therefore, the development and introduction of novel therapeutics to treat relapsed pediatric leukemia is urgently needed. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been shown to be effective against adult hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma and lymphoma, but is frequently associated with the development of resistance. Carfilzomib is a next-generation proteasome inhibitor that has shown promising results against refractory adult hematological malignancies. OBJECTIVE Carfilzomib has been extensively studied in adult hematological malignancies, providing the rationale for evaluating proof-of-concept activity of carfilzomib in pediatric leukemia. METHODS The effects of carfilzomib on pediatric leukemia cell lines and primary pediatric leukemia patient samples were investigated in vitro using the alamar blue cytotoxicity assay, western blotting, and a proteasome activity assay. Synergy with commonly used anticancer drugs was determined by calculation of combination indices. RESULTS In vitro preclinical data show pharmacologically relevant concentrations of carfilzomib are cytotoxic to pediatric leukemia cell lines and primary pediatric leukemia cells. Target modulation studies validate the effective inhibition of the proteasome and induction of apoptosis. We also identify agents that have effective synergy with carfilzomib in these cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide pre-clinical information that can be incorporated into future early-phase clinical trials for the assessment of carfilzomib as a treatment for children with refractory hematological malignancies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Therapeutic intervention by the simultaneous inhibition of DNA repair and type I or type II DNA topoisomerases: one strategy, many outcomes. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:51-72. [PMID: 22168164 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many anticancer drugs reduce the integrity of DNA, forming strand breaks. This can cause mutations and cancer or cell death if the lesions are not repaired. Interestingly, DNA repair-deficient cancer cells (e.g., those with BRCA1/2 mutations) have been shown to exhibit increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. Based on this observation, a new therapeutic approach termed 'synthetic lethality' has been developed, in which radiation therapy or cytotoxic anticancer agents are employed in conjunction with selective inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Such combinations can cause severe genomic instability in transformed cells resulting in cell death. The synergistic effects of combining PARP-1 inhibition with anticancer drugs have been demonstrated. However, the outcome of this therapeutic strategy varies significantly between cancer types, suggesting that synthetic lethality may be influenced by additional cellular factors. This review focuses on the outcomes of the combined action of PARP-1 inhibitors and agents that affect the activity of DNA topoisomerases.
Collapse
|
7
|
DNA topoisomerase II modulates insulator function in Drosophila. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16562. [PMID: 21304601 PMCID: PMC3029388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulators are DNA sequences thought to be important for the establishment and maintenance of cell-type specific nuclear architecture. In Drosophila there are several classes of insulators that appear to have unique roles in gene expression. The mechanisms involved in determining and regulating the specific roles of these insulator classes are not understood. Here we report that DNA Topoisomerase II modulates the activity of the Su(Hw) insulator. Downregulation of Topo II by RNAi or mutations in the Top2 gene result in disruption of Su(Hw) insulator function. This effect is mediated by the Mod(mdg4)2.2 protein, which is a unique component of the Su(Hw) insulator complex. Co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid experiments show that Topo II and Mod(mdg4)2.2 proteins directly interact. In addition, mutations in Top2 cause a slight decrease of Mod(mdg4)2.2 transcript but have a dramatic effect on Mod(mdg4)2.2 protein levels. In the presence of proteasome inhibitors, normal levels of Mod(mdg4)2.2 protein and its binding to polytene chromosomes are restored. Thus, Topo II is required to prevent Mod(mdg4)2.2 degradation and, consequently, to stabilize Su(Hw) insulator-mediated chromatin organization.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sterz J, Jakob C, Kuckelkorn U, Heider U, Mieth M, Kleeberg L, Kaiser M, Kloetzel PM, Sezer O, von Metzler I. BSc2118 is a novel proteasome inhibitor with activity against multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2010; 85:99-107. [PMID: 20374272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ubiquitin-proteasome system emerged as a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of the novel proteasome inhibitor BSc2118 on t(4;14) positive and negative multiple myeloma (MM) cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). METHODS Human MM cell lines OPM-2, RPMI-8226, and U266 and primary MM cells from bone marrow aspirates were exposed to BSc2118. Cytotoxicity levels were evaluated using the MTT-test. BSc2118-induced apoptosis was analyzed by annexin-V assay. Further methods used included proteasomal activity determination, cell cycle analysis, western blot, and transcription factor assays. RESULTS In OPM-2, RPMI-8226, U266 cell lines and primary MM cells, BSc2118 caused dose-dependent growth inhibitory effects. After 48 h, dose-dependent apoptosis occurred both in cell lines and primary myeloma cells irrespective of t(4;14). A significant G2-M cell cycle arrest occurred after 24 h. Furthermore, we observed a marked inhibition of intracellular proteasome activity, an increase in intracellular p21 levels, and an inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. The toxicity against PBMNC remained low, suggesting a broad therapeutic range of this agent. CONCLUSION Taken together, BSc2118 shows significant antimyeloma activity and may be considered as a promising agent in cancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sterz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. ;
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sabisz M, Wesierska-Gadek J, Skladanowski A. Increased cytotoxicity of an unusual DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor compound C-1305 toward HeLa cells with downregulated PARP-1 activity results from re-activation of the p53 pathway and modulation of mitotic checkpoints. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:1387-97. [PMID: 20067769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that murine fibroblast cells, in which PARP-1 gene was inactivated by gene disruption, are extremely sensitive to triazoloacridone compound C-1305, an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II with unusual properties. Here, we show that pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 activity by its inhibitor compound NU1025, sensitizes human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells to compound C-1305 compared to treatment with drug alone. Cytotoxic effect of drug/NU1025 of other topoisomerase II inhibitors varied depending on the dose of PARP-1 inhibitor. Increased cytotoxicity of topoisomerase II inhibitor/NU1025 combinations was attributable to the re-activation of the p53 pathway in drug-treated HeLa cells. This lead to a more stringent cell cycle checkpoint control during G2 and M and enhanced cell death by mitotic catastrophe induced by drug/NU1025 combinations. Interestingly, treatment of HeLa cells with NU1025 alone also increased p53 expression. This effect is, at least in part, related to the inhibition of proteasome activity by drug treatments. Together, our results show that concomitant inhibition of topoisomerase II and PARP-1 leads to the synergistic cytotoxic effect toward tumor cells that may be important for combination therapies with NU1025 and topoisomerase II inhibitors. We also confirmed our earlier work and show the important role of PARP-1 activity in the maintenance of the G2 arrest induced by DNA damaging drugs. Finally, based on our studies we propose that NU1025 and possibly other inhibitors of PARP-1 may be used as non-genotoxic agents to activate p53 in tumor cells with non-functional p53 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Sabisz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|