1
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Lehner MH, Walker J, Temcinaite K, Herlihy A, Taschner M, Berger AC, Corbett AH, Dirac Svejstrup AB, Svejstrup JQ. Yeast Smy2 and its human homologs GIGYF1 and -2 regulate Cdc48/VCP function during transcription stress. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111536. [PMID: 36288698 PMCID: PMC9638028 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The "last resort" pathway results in ubiquitylation and degradation of RNA polymerase II in response to transcription stress and is governed by factors such as Def1 in yeast. Here, we show that the SMY2 gene acts as a multi-copy suppressor of DEF1 deletion and functions at multiple steps of the last resort pathway. We also provide genetic and biochemical evidence from disparate cellular processes that Smy2 works more broadly as a hitherto overlooked regulator of Cdc48 function. Similarly, the Smy2 homologs GIGYF1 and -2 affect the transcription stress response in human cells and regulate the function of the Cdc48 homolog VCP/p97, presently being explored as a target for cancer therapy. Indeed, we show that the apoptosis-inducing effect of VCP inhibitors NMS-873 and CB-5083 is GIGYF1/2 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Harreman Lehner
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jane Walker
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kotryna Temcinaite
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anna Herlihy
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Taschner
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Adam C Berger
- Department of Biology, RRC 1021, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta 30322, GA, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biology, RRC 1021, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta 30322, GA, USA
| | - A Barbara Dirac Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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2
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Bisnett BJ, Condon BM, Lamb CH, Georgiou GR, Boyce M. Export Control: Post-transcriptional Regulation of the COPII Trafficking Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618652. [PMID: 33511128 PMCID: PMC7835409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coat protein complex II (COPII) mediates forward trafficking of protein and lipid cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum. COPII is an ancient and essential pathway in all eukaryotes and COPII dysfunction underlies a range of human diseases. Despite this broad significance, major aspects of COPII trafficking remain incompletely understood. For example, while the biochemical features of COPII vesicle formation are relatively well characterized, much less is known about how the COPII system dynamically adjusts its activity to changing physiologic cues or stresses. Recently, post-transcriptional mechanisms have emerged as a major mode of COPII regulation. Here, we review the current literature on how post-transcriptional events, and especially post-translational modifications, govern the COPII pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J Bisnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brett M Condon
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Caitlin H Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - George R Georgiou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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3
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Suresh HG, Pascoe N, Andrews B. The structure and function of deubiquitinases: lessons from budding yeast. Open Biol 2020; 10:200279. [PMID: 33081638 PMCID: PMC7653365 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is a key post-translational modification that regulates diverse cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. The specificity of ubiquitin (Ub) signalling for different bioprocesses and pathways is dictated by the large variety of mono-ubiquitination and polyubiquitination events, including many possible chain architectures. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) reverse or edit Ub signals with high sophistication and specificity, forming an integral arm of the Ub signalling machinery, thus impinging on fundamental cellular processes including DNA damage repair, gene expression, protein quality control and organellar integrity. In this review, we discuss the many layers of DUB function and regulation, with a focus on insights gained from budding yeast. Our review provides a framework to understand key aspects of DUB biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Garadi Suresh
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Natasha Pascoe
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Brenda Andrews
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
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4
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Gomez-Navarro N, Boulanger J, Miller EA. The Ubp3/Bre5 deubiquitylation complex modulates COPII vesicle formation. Traffic 2020; 21:702-711. [PMID: 32975860 PMCID: PMC7711842 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The appropriate delivery of secretory proteins to the correct subcellular destination is an essential cellular process. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory proteins are captured into COPII vesicles that generally exclude ER resident proteins and misfolded proteins. We previously characterized a collection of yeast mutants that fail to enforce this sorting stringency and improperly secrete the ER chaperone, Kar2 (Copic et al., Genetics 2009). Here, we used the emp24Δ mutant strain that secretes Kar2 to identify candidate proteins that might regulate ER export, reasoning that loss of regulatory proteins would restore sorting stringency. We find that loss of the deubiquitylation complex Ubp3/Bre5 reverses all of the known phenotypes of the emp24Δ mutant, and similarly reverses Kar2 secretion of many other ER retention mutants. Based on a combination of genetic interactions and live cell imaging, we conclude that Ubp3 and Bre5 modulate COPII coat assembly at ER exit sites. Therefore, we propose that Ubp3/Bre5 influences the rate of vesicle formation from the ER that in turn can impact ER quality control events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Boulanger
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Miller
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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5
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Weill U, Arakel EC, Goldmann O, Golan M, Chuartzman S, Munro S, Schwappach B, Schuldiner M. Toolbox: Creating a systematic database of secretory pathway proteins uncovers new cargo for COPI. Traffic 2019. [PMID: 29527758 PMCID: PMC5947560 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A third of yeast genes encode for proteins that function in the endomembrane system. However, the precise localization for many of these proteins is still uncertain. Here, we visualized a collection of ~500 N‐terminally, green fluorescent protein (GFP), tagged proteins of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By co‐localizing them with 7 known markers of endomembrane compartments we determined the localization for over 200 of them. Using this approach, we create a systematic database of the various secretory compartments and identify several new residents. Focusing in, we now suggest that Lam5 resides in contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the late Golgi. Additionally, analysis of interactions between the COPI coat and co‐localizing proteins from our screen identifies a subset of proteins that are COPI‐cargo. In summary, our approach defines the protein roster within each compartment enabling characterization of the physical and functional organization of the endomembrane system and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Weill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eric C Arakel
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen Institut für Molekularbiologie Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Omer Goldmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Matan Golan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Silvia Chuartzman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen Institut für Molekularbiologie Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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6
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Cheng X, Zheng J, Li G, Göbel V, Zhang H. Degradation for better survival? Role of ubiquitination in epithelial morphogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1438-1460. [PMID: 29493067 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a prevalent post-translational modification, ubiquitination is essential for many developmental processes. Once covalently attached to the small and conserved polypeptide ubiquitin (Ub), a substrate protein can be directed to perform specific biological functions via its Ub-modified form. Three sequential catalytic reactions contribute to this process, among which E3 ligases serve to identify target substrates and promote the activated Ub to conjugate to substrate proteins. Ubiquitination has great plasticity, with diverse numbers, topologies and modifications of Ub chains conjugated at different substrate residues adding a layer of complexity that facilitates a huge range of cellular functions. Herein, we highlight key advances in the understanding of ubiquitination in epithelial morphogenesis, with an emphasis on the latest insights into its roles in cellular events involved in polarized epithelial tissue, including cell adhesion, asymmetric localization of polarity determinants and cytoskeletal organization. In addition, the physiological roles of ubiquitination are discussed for typical examples of epithelial morphogenesis, such as lung branching, vascular development and synaptic formation and plasticity. Our increased understanding of ubiquitination in epithelial morphogenesis may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial regeneration and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Cheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Gang Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Verena Göbel
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,, U.S.A
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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7
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Milligan L, Sayou C, Tuck A, Auchynnikava T, Reid JEA, Alexander R, Alves FDL, Allshire R, Spanos C, Rappsilber J, Beggs JD, Kudla G, Tollervey D. RNA polymerase II stalling at pre-mRNA splice sites is enforced by ubiquitination of the catalytic subunit. eLife 2017; 6:27082. [PMID: 29027900 PMCID: PMC5673307 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous links exist between co-transcriptional RNA processing and the transcribing RNAPII. In particular, pre-mRNA splicing was reported to be associated with slowed RNAPII elongation. Here, we identify a site of ubiquitination (K1246) in the catalytic subunit of RNAPII close to the DNA entry path. Ubiquitination was increased in the absence of the Bre5-Ubp3 ubiquitin protease complex. Bre5 binds RNA in vivo, with a preference for exon 2 regions of intron-containing pre-mRNAs and poly(A) proximal sites. Ubiquitinated RNAPII showed similar enrichment. The absence of Bre5 led to impaired splicing and defects in RNAPII elongation in vivo on a splicing reporter construct. Strains expressing RNAPII with a K1246R mutation showed reduced co-transcriptional splicing. We propose that ubiquinitation of RNAPII is induced by RNA processing events and linked to transcriptional pausing, which is released by Bre5-Ubp3 associated with the nascent transcript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Milligan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | - Camille Sayou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | - Alex Tuck
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Jane EA Reid
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | - Ross Alexander
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | | | - Robin Allshire
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotland,Institute of BiotechnologyTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jean D Beggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | - Grzegorz Kudla
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | - David Tollervey
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
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8
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Belgareh-Touzé N, Cavellini L, Cohen MM. Ubiquitination of ERMES components by the E3 ligase Rsp5 is involved in mitophagy. Autophagy 2016; 13:114-132. [PMID: 27846375 PMCID: PMC5240830 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1252889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo permanent fission and fusion events. These processes play an essential role in maintaining normal cellular function. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial encounter structure (ERMES) is a marker of sites of mitochondrial division, but it is also involved in a plethora of other mitochondrial functions. However, it remains unclear how these different functions are regulated. We show here that Mdm34 and Mdm12, 2 components of ERMES, are ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase Rsp5. This ubiquitination is not involved in mitochondrial dynamics or in the distribution and turnover of ERMES. Nevertheless, the ubiquitination of Mdm34 and Mdm12 was required for efficient mitophagy. We thus report here the first identification of ubiquitinated substrates participating in yeast mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naïma Belgareh-Touzé
- a UMR8226, CNRS/UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique , Paris , France
| | - Laetitia Cavellini
- a UMR8226, CNRS/UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique , Paris , France
| | - Mickael M Cohen
- a UMR8226, CNRS/UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique , Paris , France
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9
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Dodgson SE, Santaguida S, Kim S, Sheltzer J, Amon A. The pleiotropic deubiquitinase Ubp3 confers aneuploidy tolerance. Genes Dev 2016; 30:2259-2271. [PMID: 27807036 PMCID: PMC5110993 DOI: 10.1101/gad.287474.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Dodgson et al. used a genome-wide screen for gene deletions that impair the fitness of aneuploid yeast and identified the deubiquitinase Ubp3 as a key regulator of aneuploid cell homeostasis. They found that Ubp3 is a guardian of aneuploid cell fitness conserved across species. Aneuploidy—or an unbalanced karyotype in which whole chromosomes are gained or lost—causes reduced fitness at both the cellular and organismal levels but is also a hallmark of human cancers. Aneuploidy causes a variety of cellular stresses, including genomic instability, proteotoxic and oxidative stresses, and impaired protein trafficking. The deubiquitinase Ubp3, which was identified by a genome-wide screen for gene deletions that impair the fitness of aneuploid yeast, is a key regulator of aneuploid cell homeostasis. We show that deletion of UBP3 exacerbates both karyotype-specific phenotypes and global stresses of aneuploid cells, including oxidative and proteotoxic stress. Indeed, Ubp3 is essential for proper proteasome function in euploid cells, and deletion of this deubiquitinase leads to further proteasome-mediated proteotoxicity in aneuploid yeast. Notably, the importance of UBP3 in aneuploid cells is conserved. Depletion of the human homolog of UBP3, USP10, is detrimental to the fitness of human cells upon chromosome missegregation, and this fitness defect is accompanied by autophagy inhibition. We thus used a genome-wide screen in yeast to identify a guardian of aneuploid cell fitness conserved across species. We propose that interfering with Ubp3/USP10 function could be a productive avenue in the development of novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie E Dodgson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Stefano Santaguida
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Sharon Kim
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jason Sheltzer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Angelika Amon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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10
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Deubiquitinase activity is required for the proteasomal degradation of misfolded cytosolic proteins upon heat-stress. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12907. [PMID: 27698423 PMCID: PMC5059457 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elimination of misfolded proteins is crucial for proteostasis and to prevent proteinopathies. Nedd4/Rsp5 emerged as a major E3-ligase involved in multiple quality control pathways that target misfolded plasma membrane proteins, aggregated polypeptides and cytosolic heat-induced misfolded proteins for degradation. It remained unclear how in one case cytosolic heat-induced Rsp5 substrates are destined for proteasomal degradation, whereas other Rsp5 quality control substrates are otherwise directed to lysosomal degradation. Here we find that Ubp2 and Ubp3 deubiquitinases are required for the proteasomal degradation of cytosolic misfolded proteins targeted by Rsp5 after heat-shock (HS). The two deubiquitinases associate more with Rsp5 upon heat-stress to prevent the assembly of K63-linked ubiquitin on Rsp5 heat-induced substrates. This activity was required to promote the K48-mediated proteasomal degradation of Rsp5 HS-induced substrates. Our results indicate that ubiquitin chain editing is key to the cytosolic protein quality control under stress conditions. Ubiquitination of misfolded proteins usually results in protein degradation. Here, the authors show that two deubiquitinases—enzymes that remove ubiquitin—are required for the proteasomal degradation of misfolded proteins in response to heat-shock in yeast.
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11
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Chromosome-Specific and Global Effects of Aneuploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2016; 202:1395-409. [PMID: 26837754 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.185660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, an unbalanced karyotype in which one or more chromosomes are present in excess or reduced copy number, causes an array of known phenotypes including proteotoxicity, genomic instability, and slowed proliferation. However, the molecular consequences of aneuploidy are poorly understood and an unbiased investigation into aneuploid cell biology is lacking. We performed high-throughput screens for genes the deletion of which has a synthetic fitness cost in aneuploidy Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells containing single extra chromosomes. This analysis identified genes that, when deleted, decrease the fitness of specific disomic strains as well as those that impair the proliferation of a broad range of aneuploidies. In one case, a chromosome-specific synthetic growth defect could be explained fully by the specific duplication of a single gene on the aneuploid chromosome, highlighting the ability of individual dosage imbalances to cause chromosome-specific phenotypes in aneuploid cells. Deletion of other genes, particularly those involved in protein transport, however, confers synthetic sickness on a broad array of aneuploid strains. Indeed, aneuploid cells, regardless of karyotype, exhibit protein secretion and cell-wall integrity defects. Thus, we were able to use this screen to identify novel cellular consequences of aneuploidy, dependent on both specific chromosome imbalances and caused by many different aneuploid karyotypes. Interestingly, the vast majority of cancer cells are highly aneuploid, so this approach could be of further use in identifying both karyotype-specific and nonspecific stresses exhibited by cancer cells as potential targets for the development of novel cancer therapeutics.
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12
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Raychaudhuri S, Espenshade PJ. Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit of Golgi-resident Defective for SREBP Cleavage (Dsc) E3 Ligase Complex Requires Its Activity. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14430-40. [PMID: 25918164 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.630863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Layers of quality control ensure proper protein folding and complex formation prior to exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. The fission yeast Dsc E3 ligase is a Golgi-localized complex required for sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factor activation that shows architectural similarity to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation E3 ligases. The Dsc E3 ligase consists of five integral membrane proteins (Dsc1-Dsc5) and functionally interacts with the conserved AAA-ATPase Cdc48. Utilizing an in vitro ubiquitination assay, we demonstrated that Dsc1 has ubiquitin E3 ligase activity that requires the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc4. Mutations that specifically block Dsc1-Ubc4 interaction prevent SREBP cleavage, indicating that SREBP activation requires Dsc E3 ligase activity. Surprisingly, Golgi localization of the Dsc E3 ligase complex also requires Dsc1 E3 ligase activity. Analysis of Dsc E3 ligase complex formation, glycosylation, and localization indicated that Dsc1 E3 ligase activity is specifically required for endoplasmic reticulum exit of the complex. These results define enzyme activity-dependent sorting as an autoregulatory mechanism for protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Raychaudhuri
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Peter J Espenshade
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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13
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Mangado A, Tronchoni J, Morales P, Novo M, Quirós M, Gonzalez R. An impaired ubiquitin ligase complex favors initial growth of auxotrophic yeast strains in synthetic grape must. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1273-86. [PMID: 25620600 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We used experimental evolution in order to identify genes involved in the adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the early stages of alcoholic fermentation. Evolution experiments were run for about 200 generations, in continuous culture conditions emulating the initial stages of wine fermentation. We performed whole-genome sequencing of four adapted strains from three independent evolution experiments. Mutations identified in these strains pointed to the Rsp5p-Bul1/2p ubiquitin ligase complex as the preferred evolutionary target under these experimental conditions. Rsp5p is a multifunctional enzyme able to ubiquitinate target proteins participating in different cellular processes, while Bul1p is an Rsp5p substrate adaptor specifically involved in the ubiquitin-dependent internalization of Gap1p and other plasma membrane permeases. While a loss-of-function mutation in BUL1 seems to be enough to confer a selective advantage under these assay conditions, this did not seem to be the case for RSP5 mutated strains, which required additional mutations, probably compensating for the detrimental effect of altered Rsp5p activity on essential cellular functions. The power of this experimental approach is illustrated by the identification of four independent mutants, each with a limited number of SNPs, affected within the same pathway. However, in order to obtain information relevant for a specific biotechnological process, caution must be taken in the choice of the background yeast genotype (as shown in this case for auxotrophies). In addition, the use of very stable continuous fermentation conditions might lead to the selection of a rather limited number of adaptive responses that would mask other possible targets for genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mangado
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, ICVV, (CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja), Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
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14
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Öling D, Eisele F, Kvint K, Nyström T. Opposing roles of Ubp3-dependent deubiquitination regulate replicative life span and heat resistance. EMBO J 2014; 33:747-61. [PMID: 24596250 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201386822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between molecular chaperones, ubiquitin/deubiquitinating enzymes, and proteasomes is a critical element in protein homeostasis. Among these factors, the conserved deubiquitinase, Ubp3, has the interesting ability, when overproduced, to suppress the requirement for the major cytosolic Hsp70 chaperones. Here, we show that Ubp3 overproduction counteracts deficiency of Hsp70s by the removal of damaged proteins deposited in inclusion bodies (JUNQ) during both aging and heat stress. Consistent with this, Ubp3 destabilized, deubiquitinated, and diminished the toxicity of the JUNQ-associated misfolded protein Ubc9(ts) in a proteasome-dependent manner. In contrast, another misfolded model protein, ssCPY*, was stabilized by Ubp3-dependent deubiquitination demonstrating a dual role for Ubp3, saving or destroying aberrant protein species depending on the stage at which the damaged protein is committed for destruction. We present genetic evidence for the former of these activities being key to Ubp3-dependent suppression of heat sensitivity in Hsp70-deficient cells, whereas protein destruction suppresses accelerated aging. We discuss the data in view of how heat stress and aging might elicit differential damage and challenges on the protein homeostasis network.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Öling
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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15
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Jarmoszewicz K, Łukasiak K, Riezman H, Kaminska J. Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase is required for protein trafficking in Saccharomyces cerevisiae COPI mutants. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39582. [PMID: 22761830 PMCID: PMC3383674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde trafficking from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on the formation of vesicles coated with the multiprotein complex COPI. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae ubiquitinated derivatives of several COPI subunits have been identified. The importance of this modification of COPI proteins is unknown. With the exception of the Sec27 protein (β'COP) neither the ubiquitin ligase responsible for ubiquitination of COPI subunits nor the importance of this modification are known. Here we find that the ubiquitin ligase mutation, rsp5-1, has a negative effect that is additive with ret1-1 and sec28Δ mutations, in genes encoding α- and ε-COP, respectively. The double ret1-1 rsp5-1 mutant is also more severely defective in the Golgi-to-ER trafficking compared to the single ret1-1, secreting more of the ER chaperone Kar2p, localizing Rer1p mostly to the vacuole, and increasing sensitivity to neomycin. Overexpression of ubiquitin in ret1-1 rsp5-1 mutant suppresses vacuolar accumulation of Rer1p. We found that the effect of rsp5 mutation on the Golgi-to-ER trafficking is similar to that of sla1Δ mutation in a gene encoding actin cytoskeleton proteins, an Rsp5p substrate. Additionally, Rsp5 and Sla1 proteins were found by co-immunoprecipitation in a complex containing COPI subunits. Together, our results show that Rsp5 ligase plays a role in regulating retrograde Golgi-to-ER trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jarmoszewicz
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Łukasiak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Kaminska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Vesicle-mediated ER export of proteins and lipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:1040-9. [PMID: 22265716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major site of synthesis of both lipids and proteins, many of which must be transported to other organelles. The COPII coat-comprising Sar1, Sec23/24, Sec13/31-generates transport vesicles that mediate the bulk of protein/lipid export from the ER. The coat exhibits remarkable flexibility in its ability to specifically select and accommodate a large number of cargoes with diverse properties. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of COPII vesicle production and describe recent advances that further our understanding of just how flexible COPII cargo recruitment and vesicle formation may be. Large or bulky cargo molecules (e.g. collagen rods and lipoprotein particles) exceed the canonical size for COPII vesicles and seem to rely on the additional action of recently identified accessory molecules. Although the bulk of the research has focused on the fate of protein cargo, the mechanisms and regulation of lipid transport are equally critical to cellular survival. From their site of synthesis in the ER, phospholipids, sphingolipids and sterols exit the ER, either accompanying cargo in vesicles or directly across the cytoplasm shielded by lipid-transfer proteins. Finally, we highlight the current challenges to the field in addressing the physiological regulation of COPII vesicle production and the molecular details of how diverse cargoes, both proteins and lipids, are accommodated. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipids and Vesicular Transport.
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Dargemont C, Ossareh-Nazari B. Cdc48/p97, a key actor in the interplay between autophagy and ubiquitin/proteasome catabolic pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1823:138-44. [PMID: 21807033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The AAA-ATPase Cdc48/p97 controls a large array of cellular functions including protein degradation, cell division, membrane fusion through its ability to interact with and control the fate of ubiquitylated proteins. More recently, Cdc48/p97 also appeared to be involved in autophagy, a catabolic cell response that has long been viewed as completely distinct from the Ubiquitine/Proteasome System. In particular, conjugation by ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins as well as ubiquitin binding proteins such as Cdc48/p97 and its cofactors can target degradation by both catabolic pathways. This review will focus on the recently described functions of Cdc48/p97 in autophagosome biogenesis as well as selective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dargemont
- CNRS, UMR7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
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