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Baena-Lopez LA, Wang L, Wendler F. Cellular stress management by caspases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102314. [PMID: 38215516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cellular stress plays a pivotal role in the onset of numerous human diseases. Consequently, the removal of dysfunctional cells, which undergo excessive stress-induced damage via various cell death pathways, including apoptosis, is essential for maintaining organ integrity and function. The evolutionarily conserved family of cysteine-aspartic-proteases, known as caspases, has been a key player in orchestrating apoptosis. However, recent research has unveiled the capability of these enzymes to govern fundamental cellular processes without triggering cell death. Remarkably, some of these non-lethal functions of caspases may contribute to restoring cellular equilibrium in stressed cells. This manuscript discusses how caspases can function as cellular stress managers and their potential impact on human health and disease. Additionally, it sheds light on the limitations of caspase-based therapies, given our still incomplete understanding of the biology of these enzymes, particularly in non-apoptotic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Wang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
| | - Franz Wendler
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK. https://twitter.com/wendlerfranz
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2
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Maeyama R, Segawa R, Onodera R, Hiratsuka M, Hirasawa N. Caspases downregulate nickel and hydrogen peroxide-induced IL-8 production via modification of c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Toxicology 2024; 501:153710. [PMID: 38104653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is a typical hapten in allergic contact dermatitis. However, it has been used in various metal materials due to its usefulness. Although Ni ions induce apoptosis of inflammatory cells and the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), the effects of the apoptotic pathway on the signaling that induces cytokine production have not been sufficiently clarified. Here, we found that NiCl2-induced IL-8 production was enhanced by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK in THP-1 cells. Moreover, Z-VAD-FMK enhanced H2O2-induced and NiCl2-induced IL-8 production, but not TNF-α-induced one. The analyses of signaling pathways apparently showed that NiCl2- and H2O2-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun, but not TNF-α-induced one were enhanced by Z-VAD-FMK. The cleavages of p54c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) as well as PARP was induced by NiCl2 and H2O2 but not by TNF-α. Finally, a JNK inhibitor, SP600125, inhibited Z-VAD-FMK-induced enhancement of IL-8 production. In summary, we showed that caspase activation in the apoptotic pathway actively downregulates the JNK-mediated activation of inflammatory cells. This study highlighted the significance of apoptosis in inflammatory diseases, including Ni-induced dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Maeyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Segawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryo Onodera
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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3
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Nadel G, Maik-Rachline G, Seger R. JNK Cascade-Induced Apoptosis-A Unique Role in GqPCR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13527. [PMID: 37686335 PMCID: PMC10487481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of cells to extracellular signals is mediated by a variety of intracellular signaling pathways that determine stimulus-dependent cell fates. One such pathway is the cJun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) cascade, which is mainly involved in stress-related processes. The cascade transmits its signals via a sequential activation of protein kinases, organized into three to five tiers. Proper regulation is essential for securing a proper cell fate after stimulation, and the mechanisms that regulate this cascade may involve the following: (1) Activatory or inhibitory phosphorylations, which induce or abolish signal transmission. (2) Regulatory dephosphorylation by various phosphatases. (3) Scaffold proteins that bring distinct components of the cascade in close proximity to each other. (4) Dynamic change of subcellular localization of the cascade's components. (5) Degradation of some of the components. In this review, we cover these regulatory mechanisms and emphasize the mechanism by which the JNK cascade transmits apoptotic signals. We also describe the newly discovered PP2A switch, which is an important mechanism for JNK activation that induces apoptosis downstream of the Gq protein coupled receptors. Since the JNK cascade is involved in many cellular processes that determine cell fate, addressing its regulatory mechanisms might reveal new ways to treat JNK-dependent pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rony Seger
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (G.N.); (G.M.-R.)
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4
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Xu DC, Wang L, Yamada KM, Baena-Lopez LA. Non-apoptotic activation of Drosophila caspase-2/9 modulates JNK signaling, the tumor microenvironment, and growth of wound-like tumors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110718. [PMID: 35443185 PMCID: PMC9082238 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis due to caspase deregulation is considered one of the main hallmarks of cancer. However, the discovery of novel non-apoptotic caspase functions has revealed unknown intricacies about the interplay between these enzymes and tumor progression. To investigate this biological problem, we capitalized on a Drosophila tumor model with human relevance based on the simultaneous overactivation of the EGFR and the JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Our data indicate that widespread non-apoptotic activation of initiator caspases limits JNK signaling and facilitates cell fate commitment in these tumors, thus preventing the overgrowth and exacerbation of malignant features of transformed cells. Intriguingly, caspase activity also reduces the presence of macrophage-like cells with tumor-promoting properties in the tumor microenvironment. These findings assign tumor-suppressing activities to caspases independent of apoptosis, while providing molecular details to better understand the contribution of these enzymes to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cui Xu
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Li Wang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA.
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Liu H, Wang H, Chen S, Liu S, Tian X, Dong Z, Xu L. iTRAQ-derived quantitative proteomics uncovers the neuroprotective property of bexarotene in a mice model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:585-594. [PMID: 35693438 PMCID: PMC9177454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bexarotene, a FDA-approved drug for cutaneous lymphoma, has been shown to exert brain protective effects. In previous study, we demonstrated that Bexarotene protects against cerebral ischemic stroke by suppressing the JNK/Caspase-3 signaling pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Bexarotene-mediated neuroprotective are not fully understood. Based on the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-derived proteomics and bioinformatics analysis, 4,454 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in upstream of the JNK signaling pathway. Among them, 149 DEPs showed aberrant expression in the vehicle-versus Bexarotene-treated mice. DEPs were primarily enriched in the metabolism, calcium, and MAPK signaling pathways. The largest DEP increase was seen with heat shock protein HSP 70, whereas the largest DEP decrease was seen with JNK scaffold protein JIP3, both of which are involved in the MAPK network. Furthermore, we illustrated the Bexarotene obviously abolished oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)- induced LDH leakage, cells apoptosis, and the protein expression level of the JIP3,p-ASK1, p-JNK, and Cleaved Caspase3. Together, these results suggest a potential neuroprotective role of Bexarotene via inhibition of the JIP3/ASK1/JNK/Caspase 3 signaling pathway.
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Ye L, Chen X, Wang M, Jin L, Zhuang Z, Yang D, Guan X, Samorodov AV, Pavlov VN, Chattipakorn N, Feng J, Wang Y, Luo W, Liang G. Curcumin analogue C66 attenuates obesity-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting JNK-mediated inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112121. [PMID: 34474346 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized as a major risk factor for the development of chronic cardiomyopathy, which is associated with increased cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. We previously developed an anti-inflammatory compound C66, which prevented inflammatory diabetic complications via targeting JNK. In the present study, we have tested the hypothesis that C66 could prevent obesity-induced cardiomyopathy by suppressing JNK-mediated inflammation. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model and palmitic acid (PA)-challenged H9c2 cells were used to develop inflammatory cardiomyopathy and evaluate the protective effects of C66. Our data demonstrate a protective effect of C66 against obesity-induced cardiac inflammation, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction, overall providing cardio-protection. C66 administration attenuates HFD-induced myocardial inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and JNK activation in mouse hearts. In vitro, C66 prevents PA-induced myocardial injury and apoptosis in H9c2 cells, accompanied with inhibition against PA-induced JNK/NF-κB activation and inflammation. The protective effect of C66 is attributed to its potential to inhibit JNK activation, which led to reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and reduced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, C66 provides significant protection against obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction, mainly by inhibiting JNK activation and JNK-mediated inflammation. Our data indicate that inhibition of JNK is able to provide significant protection against obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Minxiu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Leiming Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zaishou Zhuang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Daona Yang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Xinfu Guan
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Aleksandr V Samorodov
- Department of Pharmacology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa City 450005, Russia
| | - Valentin N Pavlov
- Department of Pharmacology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa City 450005, Russia
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jianpeng Feng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China.
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Ojaghlou N, Airas J, McRae LM, Taylor CA, Miller BR, Parish CA. Understanding the Structure and Apo Dynamics of the Functionally Active JIP1 Fragment. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 61:324-334. [PMID: 33378183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent experiments indicate that the C-Jun amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 1 (JIP1) binds to and activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein. JNK is an integral part of cell apoptosis, and misregulation of this process is a causative factor in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), obesity, and cancer. It has also been shown that JIP1 may increase the phosphorylation of tau by facilitating the interaction between the tau protein and JNK, which could also be a causative factor in AD. Very little is known about the structure and dynamics of JIP1; however, the amino acid composition of the first 350 residues suggests that it contains an intrinsically disordered region. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using AMBER 14 were used to study the structure and dynamics of a functionally active JIP1 10mer fragment to better understand the solution behavior of the fragment. Two microseconds of unbiased MD was performed on the JIP1 10mer fragment in 10 different seeds for a total of 20 μs of simulation time, and from this, seven structurally stable conformations of the 10mer fragment were identified via classical clustering. The 10mer ensemble was also used to build a Markov state model (MSM) that identified four metastable states that encompassed six of the seven conformational families identified by classical dimensional reduction. Based on this MSM, conformational interconversions between the four states occur via two dominant pathways with probability fluxes of 55 and 44% for each individual pathway. Transitions between the initial and final states occur with mean first passage times of 31 (forward) and 16 (reverse) μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ojaghlou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Justin Airas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Lauren M McRae
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Cooper A Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Bill R Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri 63501, United States
| | - Carol A Parish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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Xiao B, Li L, Xu C, Zhao S, Lin L, Cheng J, Yang W, Cong W, Kan G, Cui S. Transcriptome sequencing of the naked mole rat ( Heterocephalus glaber) and identification of hypoxia tolerance genes. Biol Open 2017; 6:1904-1912. [PMID: 29138211 PMCID: PMC5769652 DOI: 10.1242/bio.028548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The naked mole rat (NMR; Heterocephalus glaber) is a small rodent species found in regions of Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia. It has a high tolerance for hypoxia and is thus considered one of the most important natural models for studying hypoxia tolerance mechanisms. The various mechanisms underlying the NMR's hypoxia tolerance are beginning to be understood at different levels of organization, and next-generation sequencing methods promise to expand this understanding to the level of gene expression. In this study, we examined the sequence and transcript abundance data of the muscle transcriptome of NMRs exposed to hypoxia using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 system to clarify the possible genomic adaptive responses to the hypoxic underground surroundings. The RNA-seq raw FastQ data were mapped against the NMR genome. We identified 2337 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparison of the hypoxic and control groups. Functional annotation of the DEGs by gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed enrichment of hypoxia stress-related GO categories, including ‘biological regulation’, ‘cellular process’, ‘ion transport’ and ‘cell-cell signaling’. Enrichment of DEGs in signaling pathways was analyzed against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database to identify possible interactions between DEGs. The results revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in focal adhesion, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of DEGs (STMN1, MAPK8IP1 and MAPK10) expression induced apoptosis and arrested cell growth in NMR fibroblasts following hypoxia. Thus, this global transcriptome analysis of NMRs can provide an important genetic resource for the study of hypoxia tolerance in mammals. Furthermore, the identified DEGs may provide important molecular targets for biomedical research into therapeutic strategies for stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Summary: The identified differentially expressed genes in naked mole rat exposed to hypoxia may provide an important genetic resource for further analyses of mammalian tolerance to hypoxia and molecular targets for the prevention of ischemic diseases. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper as part of the supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Xiao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Training, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 20043, China
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shanmin Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lifang Lin
- Laboratory Animal Centre, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jishuai Cheng
- Laboratory Animal Centre, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Laboratory Animal Centre, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Shufang Cui
- Laboratory Animal Centre, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Chang CZ, Wu SC, Kwan AL, Lin CL. 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, an active ingredient of Saposhnikovia divaricata, attenuates high-mobility group box 1 and subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm in a rat model. Behav Brain Funct 2015; 11:28. [PMID: 26395442 PMCID: PMC4578329 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-015-0074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was observed to be an important extracellular mediator involved in vascular inflammation associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is of interest to examine the efficacy of 4′-O-β-d-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (4OGOMV), C22H28O10, on the alternation of cytokines and HMGB1 in an animal model. Methods A rodent double hemorrhage SAH model was employed. Administration with 4OGOMV was initiated 1 h after animals were subjected to SAH. Basilar arteries (BAs) were harvested and cortexes examined for HMGB1 mRNA, protein expression (Western blot) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) immunostaining. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected to examine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 (rt-PCR). Results Morphological findings revealed endothelial cell deformity, intravascular elastic lamina torture, and smooth muscle necrosis in the vessels of SAH groups. Correspondently, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 in the SAH-only and SAH-plus vehicle groups was also elevated. 4OGOMV dose-dependently reduced HMGB1 protein expression when compared with the SAH groups.(p < 0.01) Likewise, 400 μg/kg 4OGOMV reduced IL-1β, MCP-1 and HMGB1 mRNA levels as well as MCP-1(+) monocytes when compared with the SAH groups.. Conclusion 4OGOMV exerts its neuro-protective effect partly through the dual effect of inhibiting IL-6 and MCP-1 activation and also reduced HMGB1 protein, mRNA and MCP-1(+) leukocytes translocation. This study lends credence to validating 4OGOMV as able to attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA, late-onset inflammasome, and cellular basis in SAH-induced vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Zen Chang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chuan Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chang CZ, Wu SC, Kwan AL, Lin CL. Preconditioning with pitavastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, attenuates C-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced apoptosis. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2015; 157:1031-41; discussion 1041. [PMID: 25894080 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-015-2399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating results have disclosed that early brain injury (EBI) may play a major role in the determination of the outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. This study is of interest to examine the efficacy of pitavastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) inhibitor, on SAH-induced apoptosis. METHODS A rodent double SAH model was employed. Pitavastatin was administered orally. CSF IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were measured (rt-PCR). Basilar arteries were harvested for C-Jun N-terminal kinase p46/p55 (cJNK (p46/p55)), matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) (Western blot), caspase and Bcl-2 (rt-PCR) evaluation. RESULTS Pitavastatin reduced the bioexpression of cJNK p55 compared with the SAH groups. Cleaved caspase-9a was significantly reduced in the pitavastatin-preconditioned group compared with the SAH group (p > 0.05). IL-1β and TNF-α levels were reduced in the pitavastatin-preconditioned group. Pretreatment with pitavastatin significantly reduced activated MMP-9, capsase-9a and B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl) mRNA. CONCLUSION Preconditioning with pitavastatin exerts its neuroprotective effect through the dual action of inhibiting cJNK(p46/p55) activation and reducing cleaved caspase-9a expression. Besides, the bioinhibition of MMP-9 may partially contribute to the neuroprotective effect. This study lends credence to the theory that statins, especially in the preconditioning status, may attenuate SAH-induced neuron apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Zen Chang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
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11
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Li X, Wang L, Wang Z. Radioprotective activity of neutral polysaccharides isolated from the fruiting bodies of Hohenbuehelia serotina. Phys Med 2015; 31:352-9. [PMID: 25703009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the radioprotective effect of neutral polysaccharides from Hohenbuehelia serotina (NTHSP) against the damages induced by (60)Co-γ radiation was investigated. The results showed that NTHSP could significantly improve the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and increase the contents of glutathione (GSH) and ceruloplasmin in plasma after treated with 6 Gy-radiation compared with the radiation controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, administration with NTHSP could effectively increase the quantity of marrow DNA (p < 0.05) and reduce the rates of chromosome aberration and micronuclei (p < 0.01) in bone marrows of mice. In addition, NTHSP could markedly inhibit the expressions of Bax protein and promote the expressions of Bcl-2 protein, accordingly inhibit the releases of cytochrome c and expressions of activated Caspase-3, and therefore block the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway of splenocytes in mice induced by (60)Co-γ radiation. These results suggested that NTHSP might be a natural radioprotective agent against the injuries induced by radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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12
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Ramphul UN, Garver LS, Molina-Cruz A, Canepa GE, Barillas-Mury C. Plasmodium falciparum evades mosquito immunity by disrupting JNK-mediated apoptosis of invaded midgut cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1273-80. [PMID: 25552553 PMCID: PMC4321252 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423586112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The malaria parasite, Plasmodium, must survive and develop in the mosquito vector to be successfully transmitted to a new host. The Plasmodium falciparum Pfs47 gene is critical for malaria transmission. Parasites that express Pfs47 (NF54 WT) evade mosquito immunity and survive, whereas Pfs47 knockouts (KO) are efficiently eliminated by the complement-like system. Two alternative approaches were used to investigate the mechanism of action of Pfs47 on immune evasion. First, we examined whether Pfs47 affected signal transduction pathways mediating mosquito immune responses, and show that the Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is a key mediator of Anopheles gambiae antiplasmodial responses to P. falciparum infection and that Pfs47 disrupts JNK signaling. Second, we used microarrays to compare the global transcriptional responses of A. gambiae midguts to infection with WT and KO parasites. The presence of Pfs47 results in broad and profound changes in gene expression in response to infection that are already evident 12 h postfeeding, but become most prominent at 26 h postfeeding, the time when ookinetes invade the mosquito midgut. Silencing of 15 differentially expressed candidate genes identified caspase-S2 as a key effector of Plasmodium elimination in parasites lacking Pfs47. We provide experimental evidence that JNK pathway regulates activation of caspases in Plasmodium-invaded midgut cells, and that caspase activation is required to trigger midgut epithelial nitration. Pfs47 alters the cell death pathway of invaded midgut cells by disrupting JNK signaling and prevents the activation of several caspases, resulting in an ineffective nitration response that makes the parasite undetectable by the mosquito complement-like system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi N Ramphul
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Lindsey S Garver
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Alvaro Molina-Cruz
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Gaspar E Canepa
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Carolina Barillas-Mury
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
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Pan Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Peng K, Li W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhou S, Liu Q, Li X, Cai L, Liang G. Inhibition of JNK phosphorylation by a novel curcumin analog prevents high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 2014; 63:3497-511. [PMID: 24848068 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced inflammation and apoptosis have important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We recently found that a novel curcumin derivative, C66, is able to reduce the high glucose (HG)-induced inflammatory response. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy and its underlying mechanisms. Pretreatment with C66 significantly reduced HG-induced overexpression of inflammatory cytokines via inactivation of nuclear factor-κB in both H9c2 cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibition of Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation contributed to the protection of C66 from inflammation and cell apoptosis, which was validated by the use of SP600125 and dominant-negative JNK. The molecular docking and kinase activity assay confirmed direct binding of C66 to and inhibition of JNK. In mice with type 1 diabetes, the administration of C66 or SP600125 at 5 mg/kg significantly decreased the levels of plasma and cardiac tumor necrosis factor-α, accompanied by decreasing cardiac apoptosis, and, finally, improved histological abnormalities, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction without affecting hyperglycemia. Thus, this work demonstrated the therapeutic potential of the JNK-targeting compound C66 for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Importantly, we indicated a critical role of JNK in diabetic heart injury, and suggested that JNK inhibition may be a feasible strategy for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kesong Peng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Quan Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cai
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Li DL, Wei L, Wen XM, Song H, Li Q, Lv JW, Kuang CC, Wei ZZ, Zhang JW. The effects of X-ray irradiation on the proliferation and apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2014; 38:211-6. [PMID: 24625130 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2013.861569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of X-ray irradiation on the proliferation and apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells; MCF-7 breast cancer cells were irradiated with X-ray. After irradiation, morphological changes and growth inhibition rate of the irradiated cells were observed under an inverted microscope. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess the proliferation of the irradiated MCF-7 cells. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology and ultrastructure of the irradiated MCF-7 cells. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression level of apoptosis-related protein caspase-3. Our results showed, at 48 h after the irradiation (0 Gy and 8 Gy), cells oval in shape, cell shrinkage or swelling and partial formation of debris under inverted microscope; as well as cytoplasmic vacuolization or inspissation, increased electron density of cytoplasm, structural damage of organelles, blurred mitochondrial cristae and chromatin margination under transmission electron microscopy; the survival rate of MCF-7 cells in X-ray group was 17.3% lower than that in control group (0 Gy) (p < 0.001); while caspase-3 expression increased evidently in X-ray group compared with control group (0 Gy) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, X-ray irradiation can inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and induce apoptosis through increasing caspase-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou-Lin Li
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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15
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Posthumadeboer J, van Egmond PW, Helder MN, de Menezes RX, Cleton-Jansen AM, Beliën JAM, Verheul HMW, van Royen BJ, Kaspers GJJL, van Beusechem VW. Targeting JNK-interacting-protein-1 (JIP1) sensitises osteosarcoma to doxorubicin. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1169-81. [PMID: 23045411 PMCID: PMC3717953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Despite aggressive therapy, survival outcomes remain unsatisfactory, especially for patients with metastatic disease or patients with a poor chemotherapy response. Chemoresistance contributes to treatment failure. To increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy, essential survival pathways should be targeted concomitantly. Here, we performed a loss-of-function siRNA screen of the human kinome in SaOS-2 cells to identify critical survival kinases after doxorubicin treatment. Gene silencing of JNK-interacting-protein-1 (JIP1) elicited the most potent sensitisation to doxorubicin. This candidate was further explored as potential target for chemosensitisation in OS. A panel of OS cell lines and human primary osteoblasts was examined for sensitisation to doxorubicin using small molecule JIP1-inhibitor BI-78D3. JIP1 expression and JIP1-inhibitor effects on JNK-signalling were investigated by Western blot analysis. JIP1 expression in human OS tumours was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue micro arrays. BI-78D3 blocked JNK-signalling and sensitised three out of four tested OS cell lines, but not healthy osteoblasts, to treatment with doxorubicin. Combination treatment increased the induction of apoptosis. JIP1 was found to be expressed in two-thirds of human primary OS tissue samples. Patients with JIP1 positive tumours showed a trend to inferior overall survival. Collectively, JIP1 appears a clinically relevant novel target in OS to enhance the efficacy of doxorubicin treatment by means of RNA interference or pharmacological inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantine Posthumadeboer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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miR-548c-5p inhibits proliferation and migration and promotes apoptosis in CD90(+) HepG2 cells. Radiol Oncol 2012; 46:233-41. [PMID: 23077462 PMCID: PMC3472946 DOI: 10.2478/v10019-012-0025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the introduction of the theory of tumour stem cells (TSCs), the liver cancer stem cell (LCSC)-like cells have become one of the focuses in the research on liver cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: In this study, CD90(+) cells were applied as the possible LCSC-like cells, and the miRNA and gene expression were analyzed in the CD90(+) HepG2 cells. The pilot study showed miR-548c-5p exerted potential effect on the CD90(+) HepG2 cells and was thereafter applied for the further study. CD90(+) HepG2 cells were assigned to miR-548c-5p mimic transfection group and control group. MTT assay was performed to detect the proliferation of CD90(+) HepG2 cells. The migration and invasion abilities were examined by wound healing assay and transwell migration assay, respectively. A detection of apoptosis was performed by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Our results showed that caspase-3 and bcl-2 were down-regulated while caspase-8 was up-regulated in the CD90(+) HepG2 cells. Moreover, the miR-548c-5p transfection could down-regulate the expression of β-catenin, Tg737, bcl-2, bcl-XL, and caspase-3, inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion and promote the apoptosis of the CD90(+) HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the imbalance between apoptosis and anti-apoptosis in the LCSC-like cells, which influence the biological features of LCSC-like cells. miRNA plays a regulatory role in the LCSC-like cells among which miR-548c-5p might be a suppressor.
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