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Azimi Mohammadabadi M, Moazzeni A, Jafarzadeh L, Faraji F, Mansourabadi AH, Safari E. Aquaporins in colorectal cancer: exploring their role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug response. Hum Cell 2024; 37:917-930. [PMID: 38806940 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are small, integral proteins facilitating water transport across plasma cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients. This family has 13 unique members (AQP0-12), which can also transport glycerol, urea, gases, and other salute small molecules. AQPs play a crucial role in the regulation of different cellular processes, including metabolism, migration, immunity, barrier function, and angiogenesis. These proteins are found to aberrantly overexpress in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Growing evidence has explored AQPs as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in different cancers. However, there is no comprehensive review compiling the available information on the crucial role of AQPs in the context of colorectal cancer. This review highlights the significance of AQPs as the biomarker and regulator of tumor cells metabolism. In addition, the proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells related to AQPs expression as well as function are discussed. Understanding the AQPs prominent role in chemotherapy resistance is of great importance clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azimi Mohammadabadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Moazzeni
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Leila Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mansourabadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elahe Safari
- Breast Health & Cancer Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bhattacharjee A, Jana A, Bhattacharjee S, Mitra S, De S, Alghamdi BS, Alam MZ, Mahmoud AB, Al Shareef Z, Abdel-Rahman WM, Woon-Khiong C, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Ashraf GM. The role of Aquaporins in tumorigenesis: implications for therapeutic development. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:106. [PMID: 38336645 PMCID: PMC10854195 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are ubiquitous channel proteins that play a critical role in the homeostasis of the cellular environment by allowing the transit of water, chemicals, and ions. They can be found in many different types of cells and organs, including the lungs, eyes, brain, glands, and blood vessels. By controlling the osmotic water flux in processes like cell growth, energy metabolism, migration, adhesion, and proliferation, AQPs are capable of exerting their regulatory influence over a wide range of cellular processes. Tumour cells of varying sources express AQPs significantly, especially in malignant tumours with a high propensity for metastasis. New insights into the roles of AQPs in cell migration and proliferation reinforce the notion that AQPs are crucial players in tumour biology. AQPs have recently been shown to be a powerful tool in the fight against pathogenic antibodies and metastatic cell migration, despite the fact that the molecular processes of aquaporins in pathology are not entirely established. In this review, we shall discuss the several ways in which AQPs are expressed in the body, the unique roles they play in tumorigenesis, and the novel therapeutic approaches that could be adopted to treat carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadyuti Bhattacharjee
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Ankit Jana
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Swagato Bhattacharjee
- KoshKey Sciences Pvt Ltd, Canara Bank Layout, Karnataka, Bengaluru, Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Kodigehalli, 560065, India
| | - Sankalan Mitra
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swagata De
- Department of English, DDE Unit, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zubair Alam
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah, Almunwarah, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chan Woon-Khiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, 1030, Wien, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, University of Witten-Herdecke, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Ohmura K, Tomita H, Hara A. Peritumoral Edema in Gliomas: A Review of Mechanisms and Management. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2731. [PMID: 37893105 PMCID: PMC10604286 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating malignant glioma is challenging owing to its highly invasive potential in healthy brain tissue and the formation of intense surrounding edema. Peritumoral edema in gliomas can lead to severe symptoms including neurological dysfunction and brain herniation. For the past 50 years, the standard treatment for peritumoral edema has been steroid therapy. However, the discovery of cerebral lymphatic vessels a decade ago prompted a re-evaluation of the mechanisms involved in brain fluid regulation and the formation of cerebral edema. This review aimed to describe the clinical features of peritumoral edema in gliomas. The mechanisms currently known to cause glioma-related edema are summarized, the limitations in current cerebral edema therapies are discussed, and the prospects for future cerebral edema therapies are presented. Further research concerning edema surrounding gliomas is needed to enhance patient prognosis and improve treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Ohmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (K.O.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (K.O.)
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (K.O.)
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Toader C, Tataru CP, Florian IA, Covache-Busuioc RA, Dumitrascu DI, Glavan LA, Costin HP, Bratu BG, Ciurea AV. From Homeostasis to Pathology: Decoding the Multifaceted Impact of Aquaporins in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14340. [PMID: 37762642 PMCID: PMC10531540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), integral membrane proteins facilitating selective water and solute transport across cell membranes, have been the focus of extensive research over the past few decades. Particularly noteworthy is their role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and fluid balance in neural compartments, as dysregulated AQP expression is implicated in various degenerative and acute brain pathologies. This article provides an exhaustive review on the evolutionary history, molecular classification, and physiological relevance of aquaporins, emphasizing their significance in the central nervous system (CNS). The paper journeys through the early studies of water transport to the groundbreaking discovery of Aquaporin 1, charting the molecular intricacies that make AQPs unique. It delves into AQP distribution in mammalian systems, detailing their selective permeability through permeability assays. The article provides an in-depth exploration of AQP4 and AQP1 in the brain, examining their contribution to fluid homeostasis. Furthermore, it elucidates the interplay between AQPs and the glymphatic system, a critical framework for waste clearance and fluid balance in the brain. The dysregulation of AQP-mediated processes in this system hints at a strong association with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's Disease, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, and Alzheimer's Disease. This relationship is further explored in the context of acute cerebral events such as stroke and autoimmune conditions such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Moreover, the article scrutinizes AQPs at the intersection of oncology and neurology, exploring their role in tumorigenesis, cell migration, invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Lastly, the article outlines emerging aquaporin-targeted therapies, offering a glimpse into future directions in combatting CNS malignancies and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Calin Petru Tataru
- Department of Opthamology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Central Military Emergency Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioan-Alexandru Florian
- Department of Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - David-Ioan Dumitrascu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (D.-I.D.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (B.-G.B.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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Abulizi A, Dawuti A, Yang B. Aquaporins in Tumor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:303-315. [PMID: 36717503 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent researches have demonstrated that aquaporins (AQPs), including water-selective channels, aquaglyceroporins and superaquaporins, are generally expressed in various tumors, such as lung, colorectal, liver, brain, breast tumors, etc. Therefore, it is imperative to study the accurate relationship between AQPs and tumor, which may provide innovative approaches to treat and prevent tumor development. In this chapter, we mainly reviewed the expression and pathophysiological function of AQPs in tumor, and summarize recent work on AQPs in tumor. Although, the underlying mechanism of AQP in tumor is not very clear, growing evidences suggest that cell migration, adhesion, angiogenesis, and division contribute to tumor development, in which AQPs might be involved. Therefore, it is still necessary to conduct further studies to determine the specific roles of AQPs in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudumijiti Abulizi
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
| | - Awaguli Dawuti
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Qin JX, Liu X, Wang XL, Wang GY, Liang Q, Dong Y, Pang K, Hao L, Xue L, Zhao Y, Hu ZX, Li R, Lv Q, Chao L, Meng FL, Shi ZD, Han CH. Identification and analysis of microRNA editing events in recurrent bladder cancer based on RNA sequencing: MicroRNA editing level is a potential novel biomarker. Front Genet 2022; 13:984279. [PMID: 36199571 PMCID: PMC9527279 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.984279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With the continued advancement of RNA-seq (RNA-sequencing), microRNA (miRNA) editing events have been demonstrated to play an important role in different malignancies. However, there is yet no description of the miRNA editing events in recurrent bladder cancer.Objective: To identify and compare miRNA editing events in primary and recurrent bladder cancer, as well as to investigate the potential molecular mechanism and its impact on patient prognosis.Methods: We examined the mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes of 12 recurrent bladder cancer cases and 13 primary bladder cancer cases. The differentially expressed mRNA sequences were analyzed. Furthermore, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in recurrent bladder cancer. The Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analyses on DEGs and gene set enrichment analysis were performed. The consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification of bladder cancer was identified using the Consensus MIBC package in R (4.1.0); miRNA sequences were then further subjected to differentially expressed analysis and pathway enrichment analysis. MiRNA editing events were identified using miRge3.0. miRDB and TargetScanHuman were used to predict the downstream targets of specific differentially edited or expressed miRNAs. The expression levels of miR-154-5p and ADAR were validated by RT-qPCR. Finally, survival and co-expression studies were performed on the TCGA-BLCA cohort.Results: First, the mRNA expression levels in recurrent bladder cancer changed significantly, supporting progression via related molecular signal pathways. Second, significantly altered miRNAs in recurrent bladder cancer were identified, with miR-154-5p showing the highest level of editing in recurrent bladder cancer and may up-regulate the expression levels of downstream targets HS3ST3A1, AQP9, MYLK, and RAB23. The survival analysis results of TCGA data revealed that highly expressed HS3ST3A1 and RAB23 exhibited poor prognosis. In addition, miR-154 editing events were found to be significant to CMS classification.Conclusion: MiRNA editing in recurrent bladder cancer was detected and linked with poor patient prognosis, providing a reference for further uncovering the intricate molecular mechanism in recurrent bladder cancer. Therefore, inhibiting A-to-I editing of miRNA may be a viable target for bladder cancer treatment, allowing current treatment choices to be expanded and individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Qin
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yue Wang
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qing Liang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Xiang Hu
- Graduate School of Jinzhou Medical College, Jinzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Central Laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Central Laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liu Chao
- Department of Urology, The Suqian Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University School, Suqian, China
| | - Fan-Lai Meng
- Department of Pathology, The Suqian Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University School, Suqian, China
| | - Zhen-Duo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Duo Shi, ; Cong-Hui Han,
| | - Cong-Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Duo Shi, ; Cong-Hui Han,
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Jing J, Sun J, Wu Y, Zhang N, Liu C, Chen S, Li W, Hong C, Xu B, Chen M. AQP9 Is a Prognostic Factor for Kidney Cancer and a Promising Indicator for M2 TAM Polarization and CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770565. [PMID: 34804972 PMCID: PMC8602816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is undeniable that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an indispensable role in the progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). However, the precise mechanism of activities in TME is still unclear. Methods and Results Using the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE calculation methods, the scores of the two main fractions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of 537 KIRC patients were calculated. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were drawn out by performing an overlap between Cox regression analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) was identified as a latent predictor through the process. Following research revealed that AQP9 expression was positively correlated with the pathological characteristics (TNM stage) and negatively connected with survival time. Then, by performing gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), it can be inferred that genes with high expression level of AQP9 were mainly enriched in immune-related activities, while low AQP9 group was associated with functions of cellular metabolism. Further studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages M2, macrophages M0, CD4+ T cells, and neutrophils were positively correlated with AQP9 expression. While the levels of mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and CD8+ T cells are negatively correlated with AQP9. The result of multiple immunohistochemistry (mIHC) suggests a negative relevance between AQP9 and CD8+ T cells and reveals a trend of consistent change on AQP9 and M2 macrophages. Conclusion The expression level of AQP9 may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of patients with KIRC, especially to the TME state transition, the mechanism of which is possibly through lipid metabolism and P53, Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways that affect M2 polarization. AQP9 was associated with the expression levels of M2, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and the recruitment of CD8+ T cells in tumor environment. The research result indicates that AQP9 may be an obstacle to maintain the immune activity of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibo Jing
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Xuyi County, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nieke Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Saisai Chen
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Álvarez P, Blasco E, Pumarola M, Wessmann A. Aquaporin-4 protein expression in normal canine brains. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:29. [PMID: 33455577 PMCID: PMC7812730 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is in growing recognition as potential marker for cancer progression, differentiation and therapeutic intervention. No information is available about AQP4 expression in the normal canine brain. The aim of this histopathological study is to confirm the presence of AQP4 by immunohistochemistry technique in a group of non-pathological canine brains and to describe its expression and distribution across the brain. RESULTS Twelve non-pathological canine brains of various ages (ranging from 21 days to 17 years) and breeds were included in the study. Immunohistochemical expression of AQP4 was analyzed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain tissue sections. The findings were correlated between AQP4 expressing cells and astrocytes using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). AQP4 expression was more marked in the astrocyte foot processes of subpial, perivascular and periventricular surfaces in all specimens. The majority of the canine brain sections (9/12) presented with an AQP4 predilection for white matter tracts. Interestingly, the two youngest dogs (21 days and 3 months old) were characterized by diffuse AQP4 labelling in both grey and white matter tracts. This result may suggest that brain development and ageing may play a role in the AQP4 distribution throughout the canine brain. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe immunohistochemical distribution of AQP4 in normal canine brains. The AQP4 expression and distribution in non-pathological canine brains was comparable to other species. Larger studies are needed to substantiate the influence of breed and ageing on AQP4 expression in the normal canine brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Álvarez
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Ester Blasco
- Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Networking Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annette Wessmann
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK.
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Koltai T. Targeting the pH Paradigm at the Bedside: A Practical Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9221. [PMID: 33287221 PMCID: PMC7730959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inversion of the pH gradient in malignant tumors, known as the pH paradigm, is increasingly becoming accepted by the scientific community as a hallmark of cancer. Accumulated evidence shows that this is not simply a metabolic consequence of a dysregulated behavior, but rather an essential process in the physiopathology of accelerated proliferation and invasion. From the over-simplification of increased lactate production as the cause of the paradigm, as initially proposed, basic science researchers have arrived at highly complex and far-reaching knowledge, that substantially modified that initial belief. These new developments show that the paradigm entails a different regulation of membrane transporters, electrolyte exchangers, cellular and membrane enzymes, water trafficking, specialized membrane structures, transcription factors, and metabolic changes that go far beyond fermentative glycolysis. This complex world of dysregulations is still shuttered behind the walls of experimental laboratories and has not yet reached bedside medicine. However, there are many known pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals that are capable of targeting the pH paradigm. Most of these products are well known, have low toxicity, and are also inexpensive. They need to be repurposed, and this would entail shorter clinical studies and enormous cost savings if we compare them with the time and expense required for the development of a new molecule. Will targeting the pH paradigm solve the "cancer problem"? Absolutely not. However, reversing the pH inversion would strongly enhance standard treatments, rendering them more efficient, and in some cases permitting lower doses of toxic drugs. This article's goal is to describe how to reverse the pH gradient inversion with existing drugs and nutraceuticals that can easily be used in bedside medicine, without adding toxicity to established treatments. It also aims at increasing awareness among practicing physicians that targeting the pH paradigm would be able to improve the results of standard therapies. Some clinical cases will be presented as well, showing how the pH gradient inversion can be treated at the bedside in a simple manner with repurposed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Centro de Diagnostico y Tratamiento de la Obra Social del Personal de la Alimentacion, Talar de Pacheco, Buenos Aires 1617, Argentina
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10
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Gisela S B, M Virginia A, Gabriela A A, M Virginia T, Enrique H L, Laura K, Véronica L B. Androgen receptor and uterine histoarchitecture in a PCOS rat model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110973. [PMID: 32781251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenemia and uterine abnormalities. Our aim was to investigate the uterine effects of PCOS that are mediated through the androgen receptor (AR). After weaning, female rats were treated with sesame oil (Control), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), or DHEA + flutamide (FLU, an AR antagonist) for 20 consecutive days. On postnatal day 41, serum, ovarian and uterine tissues were collected. DHEA and DHEA + FLU rats showed increased testosterone levels. DHEA rats showed increased epithelial height, glandular density, subepithelial stroma and myometrial thickness, associated with decreased nuclei density. These rats also showed increased uterine water content, with decreased aquaporin (AQP) 3, 7 and 8 expression in the uterine epithelium and increased AQP8 expression in the myometrium. DHEA rats also showed decreased uterine collagen remodeling, decreased cell proliferation in the subepithelial stroma, and increased apoptosis in the luminal and glandular epithelium and in the myometrium. They also showed an increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 and a decrease in phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase. The uterine stroma of DHEA rats showed no changes in progesterone receptor or estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and increased AR expression. DHEA + FLU rats showed a smaller increase in the myometrial thickness, an increase in the uterine water content without AQP8 induction and a smaller decrease in collagen remodeling. These rats also showed no apoptosis induction and decreased proliferation in the myometrium, decreased ERα in the subepithelial stroma and myometrium and no modifications in AR. Our results demonstrate that the uterine cell turnover and collagen remodeling in DHEA rats are regulated through AR, directly or indirectly associated with ERα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bracho Gisela S
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Acosta M Virginia
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Altamirano Gabriela A
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Tschopp M Virginia
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luque Enrique H
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Kass Laura
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bosquiazzo Véronica L
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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11
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Wang Z, Wang Y, He Y, Zhang N, Chang W, Niu Y. Aquaporin-1 facilitates proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via GRB7-mediated ERK and Ras activation. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:253-259. [PMID: 33209198 PMCID: PMC7646557 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1833985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer, one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, is devoid of effective treatment owing to its highly invasive ability. Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane water channel proteins, has been shown to be involved in the malignancy of gastric cancer. This study aims to investigate the pathophysiological roles of AQP-1 in gastric cancer. We first demonstrated quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and found up-regulation of AQP-1 in gastric cancer cell lines. Additionally, silence of AQP-1 inhibited cell proliferation via decrease of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2). Moreover, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells were also suppressed by the interference of AQP-1. However, the tumorigenic mechanism of AQP-1 on gastric cancer is yet to be found. We demonstrated western blot analysis and found that knockdown of AQP-1 decreased protein expression of phospho (p)-GRB7 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 7) and led to a remarkable reduction of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) via inactivation of RAS. In general, our findings indicated that AQP-1 facilitates proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via GRB7-mediated ERK and Ras activation, illuminating a novel AQP-1-RAS/ERK molecular axis as regulator in gastric cancer progression and suggesting potential implications in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Wang
- Department of Digesting Internal Medicine, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Digesting Internal Medicine, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Niu
- Department of Digesting Internal Medicine, Changzhi City, People's Republic of China
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12
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Lekshmy MS, Sivakumar TT, Joseph AP, Varun BR, Mony V, Reshmi A. Expression of transmembrane protein aquaporin-3 in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 131:202-208. [PMID: 33187942 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression in patient samples of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), thereby assessing the potential of AQP3 as a molecular marker for tumor progression. STUDY DESIGN An in vitro comparative study was done to determine the AQP3 expression on 20 surgical biopsy specimens each of OED and OSCC using immunohistochemistry. Twenty specimens of normal oral mucosa were kept as controls. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc analysis. RESULTS The expression of AQP3 was analyzed and further semiquantified using H-scores. The mean H-score showed a statistically significant difference between OSCC, OED, and normal oral mucosa (P < .05). There was a significant increase in the expression of AQP3 in OSCC and OED compared to normal oral mucosa. The highest expression was observed in OSCC (P < .01). CONCLUSION The observations of the study indicate that staining intensity of AQP3 increased from dysplastic noninvasive lesion to invasive OSCC, suggesting a possible role of AQP3 as a biomarker for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lekshmy
- Postgraduate student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - T T Sivakumar
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anna P Joseph
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - B R Varun
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Mony
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - A Reshmi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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13
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Chow PH, Bowen J, Yool AJ. Combined Systematic Review and Transcriptomic Analyses of Mammalian Aquaporin Classes 1 to 10 as Biomarkers and Prognostic Indicators in Diverse Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1911. [PMID: 32679804 PMCID: PMC7409285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) channels enable regulated transport of water and solutes essential for fluid homeostasis, but they are gaining attention as targets for anticancer therapies. Patterns of AQP expression and survival rates for patients were evaluated by systematic review (PubMed and Embase) and transcriptomic analyses of RNAseq data (Human Protein Atlas database). Meta-analyses confirmed predominantly negative associations between AQP protein and RNA expression levels and patient survival times, most notably for AQP1 in lung, breast and prostate cancers; AQP3 in esophageal, liver and breast cancers; and AQP9 in liver cancer. Patterns of AQP expression were clustered for groups of cancers and associated with risk of death. A quantitative transcriptomic analysis of AQP1-10 in human cancer biopsies similarly showed that increased transcript levels of AQPs 1, 3, 5 and 9 were most frequently associated with poor survival. Unexpectedly, increased AQP7 and AQP8 levels were associated with better survival times in glioma, ovarian and endometrial cancers, and increased AQP11 with better survival in colorectal and breast cancers. Although molecular mechanisms of aquaporins in pathology or protection remain to be fully defined, results here support the hypothesis that overexpression of selected classes of AQPs differentially augments cancer progression. Beyond fluid homeostasis, potential roles for AQPs in cancers (suggested from an expanding appreciation of their functions in normal tissues) include cell motility, membrane process extension, transport of signaling molecules, control of proliferation and apoptosis, increased mechanical compliance, and gas exchange. AQP expression also has been linked to differences in sensitivity to chemotherapy treatments, suggesting possible roles as biomarkers for personalized treatments. Development of AQP pharmacological modulators, administered in cancer-specific combinations, might inspire new interventions for controlling malignant carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; (P.H.C.); (J.B.)
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14
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Zhang M, Li T, Zhu J, Tuo B, Liu X. Physiological and pathophysiological role of ion channels and transporters in the colorectum and colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9486-9494. [PMID: 32662230 PMCID: PMC7520301 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer has increased annually, and the pathogenesis of this disease requires further investigation. In normal colorectal tissues, ion channels and transporters maintain the water‐electrolyte balance and acid/base homeostasis. However, dysfunction of these ion channels and transporters leads to the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Therefore, this review focuses on the progress in understanding the roles of ion channels and transporters in the colorectum and in colorectal cancer, including aquaporins (AQPs), Cl− channels, Cl−/HCO3‐ exchangers, Na+/HCO3‐ transporters and Na+/H+ exchangers. The goal of this review is to promote the identification of new targets for the treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
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15
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Oishi M, Munesue S, Harashima A, Nakada M, Yamamoto Y, Hayashi Y. Aquaporin 1 elicits cell motility and coordinates vascular bed formation by downregulating thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A in glioblastoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3904-3917. [PMID: 32253832 PMCID: PMC7286445 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin (AQP) 1 expression has been linked with tumor malignancy but its role in glioblastoma (GBM), a lethal glioma, remains to be clarified. METHODS AQP1 expression was examined in 33 human GBM specimens by immunohistochemistry. GBM cells (U251 and U87) that stably express AQP1 were established and used for cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and vascular tube formation assays. The GeneChip assay was used to identify differentially expressed genes in AQP1-expressing cells. RESULTS AQP1 was expressed only in tumor cells. AQP1 dose-dependently accelerated cell migration and invasion, but not proliferation, in GBM cell lines. AQP1 also upregulated cathepsin B, focal adhesion kinase and activities of matrix metalloproteinase 9. AQP1 in GBM cells induced wall thickness of ECV304, vascular endothelial cells, in a contact-dependent manner. Downregulation of thrombospondin type 1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A) was identified in AQP1-expressing GBM cells in vitro, and was negatively correlated with AQP1 expression in human GBM specimens. CONCLUSION AQP1 is involved in tumor malignancy by facilitating the migration and invasion of GBM cells, and promoting the formation of vascular beds that are characteristic of GBM by downregulating THSD7A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Oishi
- Department of NeurosurgeryKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaJapan
| | - Seiichi Munesue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular BiologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaJapan
| | - Ai Harashima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular BiologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaJapan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of NeurosurgeryKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular BiologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Hayashi
- Department of NeurosurgeryKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaJapan
- Department of NeurosurgeryKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaJapan
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16
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Liotta EM, Kimberly WT. Cerebral edema and liver disease: Classic perspectives and contemporary hypotheses on mechanism. Neurosci Lett 2020; 721:134818. [PMID: 32035166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease is a growing public health concern. Hepatic encephalopathy, the syndrome of brain dysfunction secondary to liver disease, is a frequent complication of both acute and chronic liver disease and cerebral edema (CE) is a key feature. While altered ammonia metabolism is a key contributor to hepatic encephalopathy and CE in liver disease, there is a growing appreciation that additional mechanisms contribute to CE. In this review we will begin by presenting three classic perspectives that form a foundation for a discussion of CE in liver disease: 1) CE is unique to acute liver failure, 2) CE in liver disease is only cytotoxic, and 3) CE in liver disease is primarily an osmotically mediated consequence of ammonia and glutamine metabolism. We will present each classic perspective along with more recent observations that call in to question that classic perspective. After highlighting these areas of debate, we will explore the leading contemporary mechanisms hypothesized to contribute to CE during liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Liotta
- Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, United States; Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, United States; Northwestern University Transplant Outcomes Research Collaboration, United States.
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17
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Ruggieri S, De Giorgis M, Annese T, Tamma R, Notarangelo A, Marzullo A, Senetta R, Cassoni P, Notarangelo M, Ribatti D, Nico B. Dp71 Expression in Human Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5429. [PMID: 31683640 PMCID: PMC6862465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dp71 is the most abundant dystrophin (DMD) gene product in the nervous system. Mutation in the Dp71 coding region is associated with cognitive disturbances in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, but the function of dystrophin Dp71 in tumor progression remains to be established. This study investigated Dp71 expression in glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS Dp71 expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and immunoblotting in glioblastoma cell lines and cells isolated from human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) bioptic specimens. RESULTS Dp71 isoform was expressed in normal human astrocytes (NHA) cell lines and decreased in glioblastoma cell lines and cells isolated from human glioblastoma multiforme bioptic specimens. Moreover, Dp71 was localized in the nucleus in normal cells, while it was localized into the cytoplasm of glioblastoma cells organized in clusters. We have shown, by double labeling, that Dp71 colocalizes with lamin B in normal astrocytes cells, confirming the roles of Dp71 and lamin B in maintaining nuclear architecture. Finally, we demonstrated that decreased Dp71 protein in cells isolated from human bioptic specimens was inversely correlated with the Ki-67 tumor proliferative index. CONCLUSION A decreased Dp71 expression is associated with cancer proliferation and poor prognosis in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ruggieri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Michelina De Giorgis
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Notarangelo
- Medical Genetic Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Marzullo
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Unit, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, University of Turin Medical School, 10124 Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, University of Turin Medical School, 10124 Turin, Italy.
| | - Michela Notarangelo
- Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Nico
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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18
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Ma Z, Yuan D, Cheng X, Tuo B, Liu X, Li T. Function of ion transporters in maintaining acid-base homeostasis of the mammary gland and the pathophysiological role in breast cancer. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 318:R98-R111. [PMID: 31553634 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00202.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer is increasing year by year, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Studies have shown that the high metabolism of solid tumors leads to an increase in hypoxia, glycolysis, production of lactic acid and carbonic acid, and extracellular acidification; a harsh microenvironment; and ultimately to tumor cell death. Approximately 50% of locally advanced breast cancers exhibit hypoxia and/or local hypoxia, and acid-base regulatory proteins play an important role in regulating milk secretion and maintaining mammary gland physiological function. Therefore, ion transporters have gradually become a hot topic in mammary gland and breast cancer research. This review focuses on the research progress of ion transporters in mammary glands and breast cancer. We hope to provide new targets for the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dumin Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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19
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Zhong Z, Sun Y, Wang B, Sun Q, Yang G, Bian L. Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in ferrous iron-induced aquaporin-4 expression in cultured astrocytes. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:142-149. [PMID: 30914277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for multiple metabolic reactions, but excessive iron accumulation in the brain can lead to astrocyte swelling and death and cause cerebral edema. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the important water channel expressed in the astrocytes, and maintains the water homeostasis of the brain. Previous study has shown that iron deposition could increase AQP4 expression, however, the mechanism of AQP4 expression upregulation after iron overload is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of ferrous iron overload on AQP4 expression in cultured mouse astrocytes. Primary cultures of astrocytes were exposed to ferrous iron, and the expression of AQP4 as well as the swelling of astrocyte were determined. AQP4 expression was inhibited by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The role of oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway in ferrous iron-induced AQP4 expression upregulation were further studied. Ferrous iron exposure induced astrocyte death as well as cell swelling, and increased AQP4 expression. AQP4 gene silencing after siRNA transfection attenuated ferrous iron-induced astrocyte death. After treatment with antioxidants, the increased AQP4 expression was diminished. MAPKs were activated after ferrous iron treatment, and inhibitors of ERK and p38-MAPK relieved AQP4 expression upregulation as well as astrocyte death. These results suggest that ferrous iron has distinctive toxic effects on cultured astrocytes and induces AQP4 expression upregulation. MAPKs activation may play important roles in ferrous iron-induced astrocyte death through upregulation of AQP4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingfang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guoyuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liuguan Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Zhu L, Ma N, Wang B, Wang L, Zhou C, Yan Y, He J, Ren Y. Significant prognostic values of aquaporin mRNA expression in breast cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1503-1515. [PMID: 30863160 PMCID: PMC6388951 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s193396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aquaporins (AQPs), also called water channels, have been shown to have functions in the migration, invasion, and proliferation of human breast tumor cells. Most AQP mRNA expression levels were tested by cell lines, mouse models, and even human breast tissues. However, the mRNA expression of individual AQPs in different clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic values according to different kinds of classifications of breast cancer patients remains unclear. Materials and methods In the current study, we used the Oncomine database, Breast cancer Gene-Expression Miner v4.1, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, and cBioPortal to investigate the expression distribution and prognostic values of AQPs in breast cancer patients. Results Our study revealed that the mRNA expression levels of AQP8, AQP9, and AQP10 were upregulated, while those of AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, and AQP7 were downregulated in breast cancer. The clinical database showed that lower mRNA levels of AQP1 were associated with a high Scarff–Bloom–Richardson grade, but AQP9 showed the opposite trend. Further survival analyses indicated that high mRNA expression levels of AQP0, AQP1, AQP2, AQP4, AQP6, AQP8, AQP10, and AQP11 were significantly associated with better relapse-free survival (RFS). Conversely, AQP3 and AQP9 were associated with worse RFS in breast cancer patients, suggesting that these two genes might be potential targets in future chemotherapy. Discussion These significant AQP members might be further explored as new biomarkers for breast cancer prognosis, but this needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhe Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China,
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China,
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China,
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China,
| | - Jianjun He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China,
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China,
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Szpilbarg N, Martínez NA, Di Paola M, Reppetti J, Medina Y, Seyahian A, Castro Parodi M, Damiano AE. New Insights Into the Role of Placental Aquaporins and the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1507. [PMID: 30425647 PMCID: PMC6218616 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that an abnormal placentation and an altered expression of a variety of trophoblast transporters are associated to preeclampsia. In this regard, an abnormal expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was reported in these placentas. Recent data suggests that placental AQPs are not only water channel proteins and that may participate in relevant processes required for a normal placental development, such as cell migration and apoptosis. Recently we reported that a normal expression of AQP3 is required for the migration of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells. Thus, alterations in this protein might lead to an insufficient transformation of the maternal spiral arteries resulting in fluctuations of oxygen tension, a potent stimulus for oxidative damage and trophoblast apoptosis. In this context, the increase of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species could nitrate AQP9, producing the accumulation of a non-functional protein affecting the survival of the villous trophoblast (VT). This may trigger the exacerbated release of apoptotic VT fragments into maternal circulation producing the systemic endothelial dysfunction underlying the maternal syndrome. Therefore, our hypothesis is that the alteration in the expression of placental AQPs observed at the end of gestation may take place during the trophoblast stem cell differentiation, disturbing both EVT and VT cells development, or during the VT differentiation and turnover. In both situations, VT is affected and at last the maternal vascular system is activated leading to the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szpilbarg
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora A Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Di Paola
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Reppetti
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yollyseth Medina
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Abril Seyahian
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Castro Parodi
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia E Damiano
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)-UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tomita Y, Dorward H, Yool AJ, Smith E, Townsend AR, Price TJ, Hardingham JE. Role of Aquaporin 1 Signalling in Cancer Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020299. [PMID: 28146084 PMCID: PMC5343835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health burden worldwide. Despite the advances in our understanding of its pathogenesis and continued improvement in cancer management and outcomes, there remains a strong clinical demand for more accurate and reliable biomarkers of metastatic progression and novel therapeutic targets to abrogate angiogenesis and tumour progression. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is a small hydrophobic integral transmembrane protein with a predominant role in trans-cellular water transport. Recently, over-expression of AQP1 has been associated with many types of cancer as a distinctive clinical prognostic factor. This has prompted researchers to evaluate the link between AQP1 and cancer biological functions. Available literature implicates the role of AQP1 in tumour cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. This article reviews the current understanding of AQP1-facilitated tumour development and progression with a focus on regulatory mechanisms and downstream signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tomita
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital & Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Hilary Dorward
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Eric Smith
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Amanda R Townsend
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital & School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Price
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital & School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Jennifer E Hardingham
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital & Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Shi YH, Tuokan T, Lin C, Chang H. Aquaporin 8 involvement in human cervical cancer SiHa migration via the EGFR-Erk1/2 pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:6391-5. [PMID: 25124631 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of aquaporins (AQPs) has been reported in several human cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) are associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression and may upregulate AQP expression. In this study, we demonstrated that EGF (epidermal growth factor) induces SiHa cells migration and AQP8 expression. Wound healing results showed that cell migration was increased by 2.79-1.50-fold at 24 h and 48 h after EGF treatment. AQP8 expression was significantly increased (3.33-fold) at 48 h after EGF treatment in SiHa cells. An EGFR kinase inhibitor, PD153035, blocked EGF-induced AQP8 expression and cell migration and AQP8 expression was decreased from 1.59-fold (EGF-treated) to 0.43-fold (PD153035-treated) in SiHa. Furthermore, the MEK (MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/Erk (extracellular signal regulated kinase)/Erk inhibitor U0126 also inhibited EGF-induced AQP8 expression and cell migration. AQP8 expression was decreased from 1.21-fold (EGF-treated) to 0.43-fold (U0126-treated). Immunofluorescence microscopy further confirmed the results. Collectively, our findings show that EGF induces AQP8 expression and cell migration in human cervical cancer SiHa cells via the EGFR/Erk1/2 signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hua Shi
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine College of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China E-mail :
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Liu S, Mao J, Wang T, Fu X. Downregulation of Aquaporin-4 Protects Brain Against Hypoxia Ischemia via Anti-inflammatory Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6426-6435. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Peng R, Zhao GX, Li J, Zhang Y, Shen XZ, Wang JY, Sun JY. Auphen and dibutyryl cAMP suppress growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating expression of aquaporins 3 and 9 in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3341-3354. [PMID: 27022216 PMCID: PMC4806192 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i12.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether the regulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and AQP9 induced by Auphen and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) inhibits hepatic tumorigenesis.
METHODS: Expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and RT-PCR in HCC samples and paired non-cancerous liver tissue samples from 30 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. A xenograft tumor model was used in vivo. Nine nude mice were divided into control, Auphen-treated, and dbcAMP-treated groups (n = 3 for each group). AQP3 and AQP9 protein expression after induction of xenograft tumors was detected by IHC and mRNA by RT-PCR analysis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and histological evaluation were used to detect apoptosis of tumor cells, and the concentration of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured using RT-PCR and an ELISA kit.
RESULTS: The volumes and weights of tumors decreased significantly in the Auphen- and dbcAMP-treated mice compared with the control mice (P < 0.01). The levels of AQP3 were significantly lower in the Auphen treatment group, and levels of AQP9 were significantly higher in thedbcAMP treatment mice than in the control mice (P < 0.01). The reduction of AQP3 by Auphen and increase of AQP9 by dbcAMP in nude mice suppressed tumor growth of HCC, which resulted in reduced AFP levels in serum and tissues, and apoptosis of tumor cells in the Auphen- and dbcAMP-treated mice, when compared with control mice (P < 0.01). Compared with para-carcinoma tissues, AQP3 expression increased in tumor tissues whereas the expression of AQP9 decreased. By correlating clinicopathological and expression levels, we demonstrated that the expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was correlated with clinical progression of HCC and disease outcomes.
CONCLUSION: AQP3 increases in HCC while AQP9 decreases. Regulation of AQP3 and AQP9 expression by Auphen and dbcAMP inhibits the development and growth of HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Aquaporin 3/genetics
- Aquaporin 3/metabolism
- Aquaporins/genetics
- Aquaporins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclic CMP/analogs & derivatives
- Cyclic CMP/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Organogold Compounds/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- alpha-Fetoproteins/metabolism
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Kealy J, Campbell M. The Blood-Brain Barrier in Glioblastoma: Pathology and Therapeutic Implications. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46505-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Hanna A, Boggs DH, Kwok Y, Simard M, Regine WF, Mehta M. What predicts early volumetric edema increase following stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases? J Neurooncol 2015; 127:303-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-2034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Henker C, Kriesen T, Fürst K, Goody D, Glass Ä, Pützer BM, Piek J. Effect of 10 different polymorphisms on preoperative volumetric characteristics of glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2015; 126:585-92. [PMID: 26603163 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-2005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a distinct diversity between the appearance of every glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) on pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a potential impact on clinical outcome and survival of the patients. The object of this study was to determine the impact of 10 different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on various volumetric parameters in patients harboring a GBM. We prospectively analyzed 20 steroid-naïve adult patients who had been treated for newly diagnosed GBM. The volumetry was performed using MRI with the help of a semiautomated quantitative software measuring contrast enhancing tumor volume including necrosis, central necrosis alone and peritumoral edema (PTE). We calculated ratios between the tumor volume and edema (ETR), respectively necrosis (NTR). SNP analysis was done using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood genotyped via PCR and sequencing. There was a strong correlation between tumor volume and PTE (p < 0.001), necrosis (p < 0.001) and NTR (p = 0.003). Age and sex had no influence on volumetric data. The Aquaporin 4-31G > A SNP had a significant influence on the ETR (p = 0.042) by decreasing the measured edema compared with the tumor volume. The Interleukin 8-251A > T SNP was significantly correlated with an increased tumor (p = 0.048), PTE (p = 0.033) and necrosis volume (p = 0.028). We found two SNPs with a distinct impact on pretreatment tumor characteristics, presenting a potential explanation for the individual diversity of GBM appearance on MRI and influence on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Henker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kriesen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Fürst
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Deborah Goody
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Änne Glass
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte M Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jürgen Piek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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Wang J, Feng L, Zhu Z, Zheng M, Wang D, Chen Z, Sun H. Aquaporins as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer: how far we are? J Transl Med 2015; 13:96. [PMID: 25886458 PMCID: PMC4382841 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water channel proteins distributed in various human tissues, responsible for the transport of small solutes such as glycerol, even gas and ions. The expression of AQPs has been found in more than 20 human cancer types and is significantly correlated with the severity of histological tumors and prognosis of patients with cancer. More recent evidence showed that AQPs could also play a role in tumor-associated edema, tumor cell proliferation and migration, and tumor angiogenesis in solid and hematological tumors. Inhibitors of AQPs in tumor cells and microvessels have been suggested as new therapeutic strategies. The present review overviews AQPs structures, expression variation among normal tissues and tumors, AQPs functions and roles in the development of cancer with special focuses on lung, colorectal, liver, brain and breast cancers, and potential AQPs-target inhibitors. We call the special attention to consider AQPs important as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. It may be a novel anticancer therapy by the AQPs inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Feng
- Minghang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhitu Zhu
- The First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jingzhou, China.
| | - Minghuan Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Diane Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- The First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jingzhou, China.
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Badaut J, Fukuda AM, Jullienne A, Petry KG. Aquaporin and brain diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1840:1554-65. [PMID: 24513456 PMCID: PMC3960327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of water channel proteins, aquaporins (AQPs), in the brain led to intense research in understanding the underlying roles of each of them under normal conditions and pathological conditions. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize some of the recent knowledge on the 3 main AQPs (AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9), with a special focus on AQP4, the most abundant AQP in the central nervous system. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AQP4 was most studied in several brain pathological conditions ranging from acute brain injuries (stroke, traumatic brain injury) to the chronic brain disease with autoimmune neurodegenerative diseases. To date, no specific therapeutic agents have been developed to either inhibit or enhance water flux through these channels. However, experimental results strongly underline the importance of this topic for future investigation. Early inhibition of water channels may have positive effects in prevention of edema formation in brain injuries but at later time points during the course of a disease, AQP is critical for clearance of water from the brain into blood vessels. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Thus, AQPs, and in particular AQP4, have important roles both in the formation and resolution of edema after brain injury. The dual, complex function of these water channel proteins makes them an excellent therapeutic target. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Badaut
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Univ Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, 146 rue Leo Saignat33076 Bordeaux cedex.
| | - Andrew M Fukuda
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Amandine Jullienne
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Klaus G Petry
- INSERM U1049 Neuroinflammation, Imagerie et Thérapie de la Sclérose en Plaques, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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Mobasheri A, Barrett-Jolley R. Aquaporin water channels in the mammary gland: from physiology to pathophysiology and neoplasia. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:91-102. [PMID: 24338153 PMCID: PMC3947960 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane proteins that play fundamental roles in water and small solute transport across epithelial and endothelial barriers. Recent studies suggest that several aquaporin proteins are present in the mammary gland. Immunohistochemical techniques have confirmed the presence of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP3 water channels in rat, mouse, bovine and human mammary glands. Studies suggest that in addition to AQP1 and AQP3 AQP4, AQP5 and AQP7 proteins are expressed in different locations in the mammary gland. Aquaporins play key roles in tumor biology and are involved in cell growth, migration and formation of ascites via increased water permeability of micro-vessels. Emerging evidence suggests that expression of these proteins is altered in mammary tumors and in breast cancer cell lines although it is not yet clear whether this is a cause or a consequence of neoplastic development. This review analyzes the expression and potential functional roles of aquaporin water channels in the mammary gland. The physiological mechanisms involved in the transport of water and small solutes across mammary endothelial and epithelial barriers are discussed in the context of milk production and lactation. This paper also reviews papers from the recent cancer literature that implicate aquaporins in mammary neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK,
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Aquaporin-1 expression in proliferative vitreoretinopathy and in epiretinal membranes. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:876208. [PMID: 24688444 PMCID: PMC3932253 DOI: 10.1155/2014/876208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is involved in cell migration and proliferation; therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate its expression in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and epiretinal membranes (ERM). Methods. 19 membranes from PVR and ERM were collected following eye surgery. AQP1 mRNA and protein expressions were determined by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence in the membranes from PVR and ERM. Results. AQP1 mRNA and protein were expressed in both PVR and ERM as shown by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. AQP1 protein expression was heterogeneous among and between PVR and ERM and colocalized with alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). There were a higher percentage of cells coexpressing AQP1 and αSMA than AQP1 and GFAP. GFAP and αSMA did not colocalize. Conclusion. Our data show for the first time AQP1 expression in both PVR and ERM. AQP1 is expressed mostly by the αSMA-positive cells, presumably myofibroblasts, but also by GFAP-positive cells, assumed to be glial cells. These original findings warrant further functional investigations aiming at studying the potential role of AQP1 in cell migration and proliferation occurring during the development of PVR and ERM.
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33
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Expression of aquaporin8 in human astrocytomas: Correlation with pathologic grade. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:168-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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El Hindy N, Rump K, Lambertz N, Zhu Y, Frey UH, Bankfalvi A, Siffert W, Sure U, Peters J, Adamzik M, Sandalcioglu IE. The functional Aquaporin 1 -783G/C-polymorphism is associated with survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108:492-8. [PMID: 24014128 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a dismal prognosis, variability exists regarding the survival-time in patients with glioblastoma-multiforme (GBM), which may be explained by genetic variation. A possible candidate-gene for such variation is Aquaporin-1 (AQP1), since Aquaporin-1-expression influences the pathogenesis and outcome of various malignancies. Functional genetic variants in the promoter of AQP1, modifying Aquaporin-1-expression, could be associated with altered survival in patients with GBM. METHODS We sequenced the human AQP1-promoter to detect novel sequence variants, which might impact on Aquaporin-1-expression and tested the hypothesis, that functional single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with different survival-times of patients suffering from GBM. RESULTS Sequencing the AQP1-promoter revealed a novel -783G/C-polymorphism. Reporter-assays showed that substitution of G for C was associated both with increased transcriptional-activation of the AQP1-promoter by serum and with increased AQP1 mRNA expression. Finally, we assessed in a cohort of 155 Caucasian patients with GBM whether the functional single-nucleotide-783G/C-polymorphism is associated with survival-time. Cox-regression analyses revealed the AQP1 -783G/C genotype status as an independent prognostic-factor when jointly considering other predictors of survival. Homozygous CC subjects had a significantly worse outcome compared to GC/GG genotypes (hazard ratio: 3.09; 95% CI, 1.43-6.65; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the novel AQP1 polymorphism as a survival prognosticator in patients suffering from GBM that could help to identify a subgroup of patients at high risk for death. Further studies are necessary to reveal the exact molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai El Hindy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Duisburg-Essen & University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Bosoi CR, Rose CF. Brain edema in acute liver failure and chronic liver disease: similarities and differences. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:446-57. [PMID: 23376027 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that typically develops as a result of acute liver failure or chronic liver disease. Brain edema is a common feature associated with HE. In acute liver failure, brain edema contributes to an increase in intracranial pressure, which can fatally lead to brain stem herniation. In chronic liver disease, intracranial hypertension is rarely observed, even though brain edema may be present. This discrepancy in the development of intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure versus chronic liver disease suggests that brain edema plays a different role in relation to the onset of HE. Furthermore, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of brain edema in acute liver failure and chronic liver disease are dissimilar. This review explores the types of brain edema, the cells, and pathogenic factors involved in its development, while emphasizing the differences in acute liver failure versus chronic liver disease. The implications of brain edema developing as a neuropathological consequence of HE, or as a cause of HE, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R Bosoi
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Hôpital Saint-Luc (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
Astrocytes are the predominant glial cell population in the central nervous system (CNS). Once considered only passive scaffolding elements, astrocytes are now recognised as cells playing essential roles in CNS development and function. They control extracellular water and ion homeostasis, provide substrates for energy metabolism, and regulate neurogenesis, myelination and synaptic transmission. Due to these multiple activities astrocytes have been implicated in almost all brain pathologies, contributing to various aspects of disease initiation, progression and resolution. Evidence is emerging that astrocyte dysfunction can be the direct cause of neurodegeneration, as shown in Alexander's disease where myelin degeneration is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the astrocyte-specific cytoskeleton protein glial fibrillary acidic protein. Recent studies point to a primary role for astrocytes in the pathogenesis of other genetic leukodystrophies such as megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts and vanishing white matter disease. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge of the pathophysiological role of astrocytes focusing on their contribution to the development of the above mentioned leukodystrophies and on new perspectives for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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González C, González-Buitrago JM, Izquierdo G. Aquaporins, anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies and neuromyelitis optica. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 415:350-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Niu D, Kondo T, Nakazawa T, Kawasaki T, Yamane T, Mochizuki K, Kato Y, Matsuzaki T, Takata K, Katoh R. Differential expression of aquaporins and its diagnostic utility in thyroid cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40770. [PMID: 22808259 PMCID: PMC3393684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin3 (AQP3) and Aquaporin4 (AQP4) play a major role in transcellular and transepithelial water movement as water channel membrane proteins. Little is known of their expression and significance in human thyroid tissues. Thus, we examined the expression of AQP3 and AQP4 in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic thyroid tissues in conjunction with human thyroid cancer cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated AQP3 in the cytoplasmic membrane of normal C cells, but not in follicular cells. In contrast, AQP4 was not found in C cells but was identified in normal follicular cells. AQP4 was positive in 92% of Graves' disease thyroids and 97% of multinodular goiters, and we failed to demonstrate AQP3 in these hyperplastic tissues. In neoplastic thyroid lesions, we observed AQP3 in 91% of medullary thyroid carcinomas but in no other follicular cell tumors. AQP4 was demonstrated in 100% of follicular adenomas, 90% of follicular carcinomas, and 85% of papillary carcinomas, while it was negative in all medullary carcinomas and undifferentiated carcinomas. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses revealed AQP3 mRNA expression only in medullary carcinomas and AQP4 mRNA expression in follicular cell-derived tumors except for undifferentiated carcinomas. In thyroid cancer cell lines, using RT-PCR and western blotting, AQP3 mRNA and protein were only identified in the TT cell line (human medullary carcinoma cell line) and AQP4 in the other cell lines. In addition, AQP3 mRNA expression was up-regulated by FBS and calcium administration in both a dose and time dependent manner in TT cells. CONCLUSION The differential expressions of AQP3 and AQP4 may reflect the biological nature and/or function of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid cells and additionally may have value in determining differential diagnoses of thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Niu
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tadao Nakazawa
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kawasaki
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yamane
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Mochizuki
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yohichiro Kato
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Takata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Yamanashi, Japan
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LIU WEIJUN, WANG KUNHUA, GONG KUNMEI, LI XIAOGANG, LUO KAIYUAN. Epidermal growth factor enhances MPC-83 pancreatic cancer cell migration through the upregulation of aquaporin 3. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:607-10. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Gao L, Gao Y, Li X, Howell P, Kumar R, Su X, Vlassov AV, Piazza GA, Riker AI, Sun D, Xi Y. Aquaporins mediate the chemoresistance of human melanoma cells to arsenite. Mol Oncol 2012; 6:81-7. [PMID: 22130551 PMCID: PMC5528380 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The integral membrane channel protein aquaporin (AQP) is aberrantly expressed with oncogenic characteristics in various human cancers. In this study, we analyzed the expression pattern of all subtypes of AQPs, and found that 8 out of 13 AQPs expressed in melanoma cells. To understand the role of aberrant expression of AQP in this disease, we over-expressed AQP3 and AQP9 in human melanoma WM266.4 cells and found that both AQPs significantly increased the chemoresistance of WM266.4 cells to arsenite. Functional studies showed that AQP3 and AQP9 can inhibit cell apoptosis induced by arsenite through down-regulating p53 and up-regulating Bcl-2 and XIAP. Our data suggest the implication of APQ in melanoma progression and that the over-expression of AQP3 and AQP9 contributes to the chemoresistance of melanoma to arsenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Paul Howell
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot 010050, China
| | | | - Gary A. Piazza
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Adam I. Riker
- Advocate Christ Medical Center, Advocate Cancer Institute, Oak Lawn, IL 60453, USA
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yaguang Xi
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
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