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Wang D, Wang S, Ji B, Zheng M. Spatiotemporal expression of FOXA1 correlates with reactive gliosis after spinal cord injury. Neuropeptides 2017; 66:36-44. [PMID: 28844448 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) is a member of the FOX family of transcription factors and involved in various mammalian processes. However, the expression and function of FOXA1 in central nervous system (CNS) are still with limited acquaintance. In present study, we performed an acute spinal cord injury (SCI) model in adult rats and investigated the dynamic changes of FOXA1 expression in spinal cord. We found that FOXA1 protein levels were significantly increased after SCI and we observed that the expression of FOXA1 is enhanced in the white matter. Meanwhile, double immunofluorescence staining showed that increased levels of FOXA1 were striking in astrocytes and microglia. We also examined the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), whose changes were correlated with the expression profiles of FOXA1. In vitro, FOXA1 depletion by siRNA inhibited astrocyte proliferation and migration. Meanwhile, FOXA1 knockdown also reduce cell cycle related proteins. Which indicated that FOXA1 might modulate cell cycle progression and play a crucial role in cell proliferation. Furthermore, FOXA1 knockdown also inhibited LPS-induced synthesis/secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α in primary microglia. These results indicated that FOXA1 might play an important role in pathophysiology after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, China
| | - Siqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, China
| | - Biao Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, China
| | - Minqian Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, China.
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2
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Yang F, Ma Q, Liu Z, Li W, Tan Y, Jin C, Ma W, Hu Y, Shen J, Ohgi KA, Telese F, Liu W, Rosenfeld MG. Glucocorticoid Receptor:MegaTrans Switching Mediates the Repression of an ERα-Regulated Transcriptional Program. Mol Cell 2017; 66:321-331.e6. [PMID: 28475868 PMCID: PMC5510478 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the opposing functions of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) in breast cancer development remain poorly understood. Here we report that, in breast cancer cells, liganded GR represses a large ERα-activated transcriptional program by binding, in trans, to ERα-occupied enhancers. This abolishes effective activation of these enhancers and their cognate target genes, and it leads to the inhibition of ERα-dependent binding of components of the MegaTrans complex. Consistent with the effects of SUMOylation on other classes of nuclear receptors, dexamethasone (Dex)-induced trans-repression of the estrogen E2 program appears to depend on GR SUMOylation, which leads to stable trans-recruitment of the GR-N-CoR/SMRT-HDAC3 corepressor complex on these enhancers. Together, these results uncover a mechanism by which competitive recruitment of DNA-binding nuclear receptors/transcription factors in trans to hot spot enhancers serves as an effective biological strategy for trans-repression, with clear implications for breast cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qi Ma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuliang Tan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chunyu Jin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wubin Ma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yiren Hu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jia Shen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kenneth A Ohgi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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3
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Zinovyeva MV, Kuzmich AI, Monastyrskaya GS, Sverdlov ED. The role of FOXA subfamily factors in embryonic development and carcinogenesis of the pancreas. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416816030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Nagarajan S, Benito E, Fischer A, Johnsen SA. H4K12ac is regulated by estrogen receptor-alpha and is associated with BRD4 function and inducible transcription. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7305-17. [PMID: 25788266 PMCID: PMC4466686 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone-dependent gene expression requires dynamic and coordinated epigenetic changes. Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is particularly dependent upon extensive chromatin remodeling and changes in histone modifications for the induction of hormone-responsive gene expression. Our previous studies established an important role of bromodomain-containing protein-4 (BRD4) in promoting estrogen-regulated transcription and proliferation of ER+ breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated the association between genome-wide occupancy of histone H4 acetylation at lysine 12 (H4K12ac) and BRD4 in the context of estrogen-induced transcription. Similar to BRD4, we observed that H4K12ac occupancy increases near the transcription start sites (TSS) of estrogen-induced genes as well as at distal ERα binding sites in an estrogen-dependent manner. Interestingly, H4K12ac occupancy highly correlates with BRD4 binding and enhancer RNA production on ERα-positive enhancers. Consistent with an importance in estrogen-induced gene transcription, H4K12ac occupancy globally increased in ER-positive cells relative to ER-negative cells and these levels were further increased by estrogen treatment in an ERα-dependent manner. Together, these findings reveal a strong correlation between H4K12ac and BRD4 occupancy with estrogen-dependent gene transcription and further suggest that modulators of H4K12ac and BRD4 may serve as new therapeutic targets for hormone-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankari Nagarajan
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva Benito
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Research Group for Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Belikov S, Berg OG, Wrange Ö. Quantification of transcription factor-DNA binding affinity in a living cell. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:3045-58. [PMID: 26657626 PMCID: PMC4838337 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The apparent dissociation constant (Kd) for specific binding of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and androgen receptor (AR) to DNA was determined in vivo in Xenopus oocytes. The total nuclear receptor concentration was quantified as specifically retained [3H]-hormone in manually isolated oocyte nuclei. DNA was introduced by nuclear microinjection of single stranded phagemid DNA, chromatin is then formed during second strand synthesis. The fraction of DNA sites occupied by the expressed receptor was determined by dimethylsulphate in vivo footprinting and used for calculation of the receptor-DNA binding affinity. The forkhead transcription factor FoxA1 enhanced the DNA binding by GR with an apparent Kd of ∼1 μM and dramatically stimulated DNA binding by AR with an apparent Kd of ∼0.13 μM at a composite androgen responsive DNA element containing one FoxA1 binding site and one palindromic hormone receptor binding site known to bind one receptor homodimer. FoxA1 exerted a weak constitutive- and strongly cooperative DNA binding together with AR but had a less prominent effect with GR, the difference reflecting the licensing function of FoxA1 at this androgen responsive DNA element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Belikov
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Otto G Berg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Örjan Wrange
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Belikov S, Bott LC, Fischbeck KH, Wrange Ö. The polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor has increased DNA binding and reduced transcriptional activity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 3:134-139. [PMID: 29124176 PMCID: PMC5668691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of a polyglutamine-encoding trinucleotide CAG repeat in the androgen receptor (AR) to more than 37 repeats is responsible for the X-linked neuromuscular disease spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Here we evaluated the effect of polyglutamine length on AR function in Xenopus oocytes. This allowed us to correlate the nuclear AR concentration to its capacity for specific DNA binding and transcription activation in vivo. AR variants with polyglutamine tracts containing either 25 or 64 residues were expressed in Xenopus oocytes by cytoplasmic injection of the corresponding mRNAs. The intranuclear AR concentration was monitored in isolated nuclei and related to specific DNA binding as well as transcriptional induction from the hormone response element in the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter. The expanded AR with 64 glutamines had increased capacity for specific DNA binding and a reduced capacity for transcriptional induction as related to its DNA binding activity. The possible mechanism behind these polyglutamine-induced alterations in AR function is discussed. Spinal bulbular muscular atrophy is caused by a polyQ expanded androgen receptor. Function of AR with expanded polyQ tract was analyzed in Xenopus oocytes. AR with expanded polyQ tract has increased DNA binding but reduced gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Belikov
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura C Bott
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth H Fischbeck
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Örjan Wrange
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Abstract
In the past several decades, intensive research in this field has uncovered a surprising number of regulatory factors and their associated enzymatic properties to reveal the network of complexes that function in activation and repression of the transcriptional programs mediated by nuclear receptors (NR). These factors and their associated complexes have been extensively characterized both biochemically and functionally [34, 87, 94]. Several principles have emerged: (1) It is widely recognized that ligand-dependent cofactor complexes mediating repression and activation exhibit ligand-dependent exchange. (2) These complexes mediate modifications of chromatin structure consequent to their binding at regulatory elements, particularly at promoter and enhancer Enhancer sites. (3) The concept about the rapid exchange of coregulatory complexes at regulatory sites has been suggested [88]. Key questions in the NR field have included: (a) What are the cofactors and exchange complexes used to mediate the ligand and signaling network-dependent switches in gene regulation programs; (b) Do long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as regulatory "factors" for ligand-dependent gene programs, and do enhancers actually regulate transcription units encoding enhancer Enhancer non-coding RNAs (eRNAs) Enhancer RNA that might have functional significance; (c) What is the relationship between DNA damage repair machinery and transcriptional machinery? (d) Do Retinoic Acid Receptors (RAR) also regulate Pol III-dependent, non-coding repeat transcriptional units in stem cells? and (e) How have new technologies such as deep sequencing altered our ability to investigate transcriptional regulatory mechanisms utilized by NRs?
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA,
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8
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Aung KMM, New SY, Hong S, Sutarlie L, Lim MGL, Tan SK, Cheung E, Su X. Studying forkhead box protein A1-DNA interaction and ligand inhibition using gold nanoparticles, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and fluorescence anisotropy. Anal Biochem 2013; 448:95-104. [PMID: 24291642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein 1 (FoxA1) is a member of the forkhead family of winged helix transcription factors that plays pivotal roles in the development and differentiation of multiple organs and in the regulation of estrogen-stimulated genes. Conventional analytical methods-electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and fluorescence anisotropy (FA)-as well as a gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based assay were used to study DNA binding properties of FoxA1 and ligand interruption of FoxA1-DNA binding. In the AuNPs assay, the distinct ability of protein-DNA complex to protect AuNPs against salt-induced aggregation was exploited to screen sequence selectivity and determine the binding affinity constant based on AuNPs color change and absorbance spectrum shift. Both conventional EMSA and FA and the AuNPs assay suggested that FoxA1 binds to DNA in a core sequence-dependent manner and the flanking sequence also played a role to influence the affinity. The EMSA and AuNPs were found to be more sensitive than FA in differentiation of sequence-dependent affinity. With the addition of a spin filtration step, AuNPs assay has been extended for studying small molecular ligand inhibition of FoxA1-DNA interactions enabling drug screening. The results correlate very well with those obtained using FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Moh Moh Aung
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(*)STAR), Singapore
| | - Siu Yee New
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(*)STAR), Singapore
| | - Shuzhen Hong
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(*)STAR), Singapore
| | - Laura Sutarlie
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(*)STAR), Singapore
| | - Michelle Gek Liang Lim
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(*)STAR), Singapore
| | - Si Kee Tan
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(*)STAR), Singapore
| | - Edwin Cheung
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(*)STAR), Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(*)STAR), Singapore.
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9
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Burd CJ, Archer TK. Chromatin architecture defines the glucocorticoid response. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 380:25-31. [PMID: 23545159 PMCID: PMC3762934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) functions to regulate a wide group of physiological processes through hormone inducible interaction with genomic loci and subsequent manipulation of the transcriptional output of target genes. Despite expression in a wide variety of tissues, the GR has diverse roles that are regulated tightly in a cell type specific manner. With the advent of whole genome approaches, the details of that diversity and the mechanisms regulating them are beginning to be elucidated. This review aims describe the recent advances detailing the role chromatin structure plays in dictating GR specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Burd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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10
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Lalmansingh AS, Arora K, Demarco RA, Hager GL, Nagaich AK. High-throughput RNA FISH analysis by imaging flow cytometry reveals that pioneer factor Foxa1 reduces transcriptional stochasticity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76043. [PMID: 24073287 PMCID: PMC3779185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes are regulated at the single-cell level. Here, we performed RNA FISH of thousands of cells by flow cytometry (flow-RNA FISH) to gain insight into transcriptional variability between individual cells. These experiments utilized the murine adenocarcinoma 3134 cell line with 200 copies of the MMTV-Ras reporter integrated at a single genomic locus. The MMTV array contains approximately 800-1200 binding sites for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and 600 binding sites for the pioneer factor Foxa1. Hormone activation of endogenous GR by dexamethasone treatment resulted in highly variable changes in the RNA FISH intensity (25-300 pixel intensity units) and size (1.25-15 µm), indicative of probabilistic or stochastic mechanisms governing GR and cofactor activation of the MMTV promoter. Exogenous expression of the pioneer factor Foxa1 increased the FISH signal intensity and size as expected for a chromatin remodeler that enhances transcriptional competence through increased chromatin accessibility. In addition, specific analysis of Foxa1-enriched cell sub-populations showed that low and high Foxa1 levels substantially lowered the cell-to-cell variability in the FISH intensity as determined by a noise calculation termed the % coefficient of variation. These results suggest that an additional function of the pioneer factor Foxa1 may be to decrease transcriptional noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avin S Lalmansingh
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Wang L, Qin H, Li L, Feng F, Ji P, Zhang J, Li G, Zhao Z, Gao G. Forkhead-box A1 transcription factor is a novel adverse prognosis marker in human glioma. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:654-8. [PMID: 23510544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead-box A1 (FOXA1), a member of the FOX family of transcription factors, has been implicated in certain tumor types including breast, prostate, lung, thyroid and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of FOXA1 expression in human malignant glioma. FOXA1 expression in human glioma and non-neoplastic brain tissue was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The association of FOXA1 immunostaining with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in patients with glioma was also investigated. The expression levels of FOXA1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in glioma tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding non-neoplastic brain tissue (both p<0.001). In addition, the expression of FOXA1 was upregulated in high-grade glioma tissue compared with that in low-grade tissues, and increased with ascending World Health Organization (WHO) tumor grade (p=0.001). The increased expression of FOXA1 protein was also significantly correlated with low Karnofsky performance scale score (p=0.02). Moreover, the overall survival rate for patients with high FOXA1 protein expression was clearly lower than that for patients with low FOXA1 protein expression (p=0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that high FOXA1 protein expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (p=0.02) in patients with glioma. In conclusion, our results suggest, for the first time, that FOXA1 might be a potential regulator of progression of human glioma and its upregulation might be closely associated with a poor clinical outcome for patients with this serious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an City 710038, China
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12
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Belikov S, Öberg C, Jääskeläinen T, Rahkama V, Palvimo JJ, Wrange Ö. FoxA1 corrupts the antiandrogenic effect of bicalutamide but only weakly attenuates the effect of MDV3100 (Enzalutamide™). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 365:95-107. [PMID: 23063623 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer growth depends on androgens. Synthetic antiandrogens are used in the cancer treatment. However, antiandrogens, such as bicalutamide (BIC), have a mixed agonist/antagonist activity. Here we compare the antiandrogenic capacity of BIC to a new antiandrogen, MDV3100 (MDV) or Enzalutamide™. By reconstitution of a hormone-regulated enhancer in Xenopus oocytes we show that both antagonists trigger the androgen receptor (AR) translocation to the nucleus, albeit with a reduced efficiency for MDV. Once in the nucleus, both AR-antagonist complexes can bind sequence specifically to DNA in vivo. The forkhead box transcription factor A (FoxA1) is a negative prognostic indicator for prostate cancer disease. FoxA1 expression presets the enhancer chromatin and makes the DNA more accessible for AR binding. In this context the BIC-AR antiandrogenic effect is seriously compromised as demonstrated by a significant chromatin remodeling and induction of a robust MMTV transcription whereas the MDV-AR complex displays a more persistent antagonistic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belikov
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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