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Qian B, Lu R, Mao S, Chen Y, Yang M, Zhang W, Zhang M, Zhu D, Liu Z, Zen K, Li L. Podocyte SIRPα reduction aggravates lupus nephritis via promoting T cell inflammatory responses. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114249. [PMID: 38758648 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) has recently been found to be highly expressed in podocytes and is essential for maintaining podocyte function. However, its immunoregulatory function in podocytes remains elusive. Here, we report that SIRPα controls podocyte antigen presentation in specific T cell activation via inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) phosphorylation. First, podocyte SIRPα under lupus nephritis (LN) conditions is strongly downregulated. Second, podocyte-specific deletion of SIRPα exacerbates renal disease progression in lupus-prone mice, as evidenced by an increase in T cell infiltration. Third, SIRPα deletion or knockdown enhances podocyte antigen presentation, which activates specific T cells, via enhancing Syk phosphorylation. Supporting this, Syk inhibitor GS-9973 prevents podocyte antigen presentation, resulting in a decrease of T cell activation and mitigation of renal disease caused by SIRPα knockdown or deletion. Our findings reveal an immunoregulatory role of SIRPα loss in promoting podocyte antigen presentation to activate specific T cell immune responses in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Rui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Shuya Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Dihan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Limin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
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Shao X, Shi Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Bai P, Wang J, Aniwan A, Lin Y, Zhou S, Yu P. Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Macrophages of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Inflammation 2024; 47:227-243. [PMID: 37777674 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by macrophage infiltration, which requires further investigation. This study aims to identify immune-related genes (IRGs) in macrophage and explore their potential as therapeutic targets. This study analyzed isolated glomerular cells from three diabetic mice and three control mice. A total of 59 glomeruli from normal kidney samples and 66 from DKD samples were acquired from four kidney transcriptomic profiling datasets. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using both single-cell RNA (scRNA) and bulk RNA sequencing data to investigate inflammatory responses in DKD. Additionally, the "AUCell" function was used to investigate statistically different gene sets. The significance of each interaction pair was determined by assigning a probability using "CellChat." The study also analyzed the biological diagnostic importance of immune hub genes for DKD and validated the expression of these immune genes in mice models. The top 2000 highly variable genes (HVGs) were identified after data normalization. Subsequently, a total of eight clusters were identified. It is worth mentioning that macrophages showed the highest percentage increase among all cell types in the DKD group. Furthermore, the present study observed significant differences in gene sets related to inflammatory responses and complement pathways. The study also identified several receptor-ligand pairs and co-stimulatory interactions between endothelial cells and macrophages. Notably, SYK, ITGB2, FCER1G, and VAV1 were identified as immunological markers of DKD with promising predictive ability. This study identified distinct cell clusters and four marker genes. SYK, ITGB2, FCER1G, and VAV1 may be important roles. Consequently, the present study extends our understanding regarding IRGs in DKD and provides a foundation for future investigations into the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yueyue Shi
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Pufei Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - JunMei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Ashanjiang Aniwan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yao Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Saijun Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Pei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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Xu Y, Li L, Tang P, Zhang J, Zhong R, Luo J, Lin J, Zhang L. Identifying key genes for diabetic kidney disease by bioinformatics analysis. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:305. [PMID: 37853335 PMCID: PMC10585855 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no reliable molecular targets for early diagnosis and effective treatment in the clinical management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). To identify novel gene factors underlying the progression of DKD. METHODS The public transcriptomic datasets of the alloxan-induced DKD model and the streptozotocin-induced DKD model were retrieved to perform an integrative bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by two experimental animal models. The dominant biological processes and pathways associated with DEGs were identified through enrichment analysis. The expression changes of the key DEGs were validated in the classic db/db DKD mouse model. RESULTS The downregulated and upregulated genes in DKD models were uncovered from GSE139317 and GSE131221 microarray datasets. Enrichment analysis revealed that metabolic process, extracellular exosomes, and hydrolase activity are shared biological processes and molecular activity is altered in the DEGs. Importantly, Hmgcs2, angptl4, and Slco1a1 displayed a consistent expression pattern across the two DKD models. In the classic db/db DKD mice, Hmgcs2 and angptl4 were also found to be upregulated while Slco1a1 was downregulated in comparison to the control animals. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we identified the common biological processes and molecular activity being altered in two DKD experimental models, as well as the novel gene factors (Hmgcs2, Angptl4, and Slco1a1) which may be implicated in DKD. Future works are warranted to decipher the biological role of these genes in the pathogenesis of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Jingrong Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Ruxian Zhong
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Jingmei Luo
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China.
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Zhang Y, Xiao WH, Huang YX, Yang YY, Ouyang SX, Liang YM, Liu KH. miR-128-3p inhibits high-glucose-induced peritoneal mesothelial cells fibrosis via PAK2/SyK/TGF-β1 axis. Ther Apher Dial 2023; 27:343-352. [PMID: 35900049 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the mechanism of miR-128-3p in peritoneal fibrosis (PF). METHODS Peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) were dealt with high glucose (HG) for 3 days. The expressions of miR-128-3p, p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2), spleen tyrosine kinase (SyK), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were detected with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in supernatant were measured by ELISA. Proteins of TGF-β1, SyK, PAK2, α-SMA, collagen I, vimentin, ERK/AP-1, and IκBα/NF-κB pathway related proteins were measured by Western blot. The correlation between miR-128-3p and PAK2 was found by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene analysis. RESULTS miR-128-3p was decreased while PAK2, SyK, and TGF-β1 were increased in HG-induced PMCs. Moreover, miR-128-3p inhibited HG-induced fibrosis and inflammation in PMCs by targeting PAK2. PAK2 activated SyK, which induced TGF-β1 expression through ERK/AP-1 and IκBα/NF-κB pathways to promote HG-induced fibrosis of PMCs. CONCLUSION miR-128-3p inhibited HG-induced PMCs fibrosis via PAK2/SyK/TGF-β1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wu-Hao Xiao
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Xiong Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Ya Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sha-Xi Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Mei Liang
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kang-Han Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Tan RZ, Li JC, Liu J, Lei XY, Zhong X, Wang C, Yan Y, Linda Ye L, Darrel Duan D, Lan HY, Wang L. BAY61-3606 protects kidney from acute ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase and suppressing inflammatory macrophage response. FASEB J 2020; 34:15029-15046. [PMID: 32964547 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000261rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome with high mortality and morbidity. Previous studies indicated that inflammation promotes tubular damage and plays a key role in AKI progress. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) has been linked to macrophage-related inflammation in AKI. Up to date, however, no Syk-targeted therapy for AKI has been reported. In this study, we employed both cell model of LPS-induced bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) and mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI to evaluate the effects of a Syk inhibitor, BAY61-3606 (BAY), on macrophage inflammation in vitro and protection of kidney from AKI in vivo. The expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, both in vitro and in vivo, were significantly inhibited even back to normal levels by BAY. The upregulated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in the AKI mice were significantly reduced after administration of BAY, implicating a protective effect of BAY on kidneys against IRI. Further analyses from Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry revealed that BAY inhibited the Mincle/Syk/NF-κB signaling circuit and reduced the inflammatory response. BAY also inhibited the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further decreased the formation of inflammasome and suppressed the mature of IL-1β and IL-18. Notably, these inhibitory effects of BAY on inflammation and inflammasome in BMDM were significantly reversed by Mincle ligand, trehalose-6,6-dibehenate. In summary, these findings provided compelling evidence that BAY may be an efficient inhibitor of the Mincle/Syk/NF-κB signaling circuit and ROS-induced inflammasome, which may help to develop Syk-inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhi Tan
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integration, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chun Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integration, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xian-Ying Lei
- ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integration, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integration, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integration, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Linda Ye
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dayue Darrel Duan
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integration, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Identification of C3 as a therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy by bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13468. [PMID: 32778679 PMCID: PMC7417539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is not completely understood, and the effects of existing treatments are not satisfactory. Various public platforms already contain extensive data for deeper bioinformatics analysis. From the GSE30529 dataset based on diabetic nephropathy tubular samples, we identified 345 genes through differential expression analysis and weighted gene coexpression correlation network analysis. GO annotations mainly included neutrophil activation, regulation of immune effector process, positive regulation of cytokine production and neutrophil-mediated immunity. KEGG pathways mostly included phagosome, complement and coagulation cascades, cell adhesion molecules and the AGE-RAGE signalling pathway in diabetic complications. Additional datasets were analysed to understand the mechanisms of differential gene expression from an epigenetic perspective. Differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained to construct a miRNA-mRNA network from the miRNA profiles in the GSE57674 dataset. The miR-1237-3p/SH2B3, miR-1238-5p/ZNF652 and miR-766-3p/TGFBI axes may be involved in diabetic nephropathy. The methylation levels of the 345 genes were also tested based on the gene methylation profiles of the GSE121820 dataset. The top 20 hub genes in the PPI network were discerned using the CytoHubba tool. Correlation analysis with GFR showed that SYK, CXCL1, LYN, VWF, ANXA1, C3, HLA-E, RHOA, SERPING1, EGF and KNG1 may be involved in diabetic nephropathy. Eight small molecule compounds were identified as potential therapeutic drugs using Connectivity Map.
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Su X, Sun ZH, Ren Q, Liu JR, Yin L, Liang N, Meng L, Sun RX. The effect of spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor R406 on diabetic retinopathy in experimental diabetic rats. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:2371-2383. [PMID: 32462561 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor R406 on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetic mellitus (DM) rats. METHODS Rats were randomized into Normal, DM, DM + 5 mg/kg R406 and DM + 10 mg/kg R406 groups. DM rats were established via injection of streptozotocin (STZ). One week after model establishment, rats in treatment groups received 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg R406 by gavage administration for 12 weeks consecutively, followed by the detection with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Evans blue angiography, retinal trypsin digestion assay, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence assay and quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The retina of DM rats presented different degree of edema, disordered and loose structure, swollen cells with enlarged intercellular space, and dilated and congested capillaries. Besides, the retinal vessels of DM rats showed high fluorescence leakage. However, R406 alleviated the above-mentioned conditions, which was much better with high concentration of R406 (10 mg/kg). R406 also reversed the down-regulations of occludin, claudin-5, ZO-1 and the up-regulation of and VEGF in retinal tissues of DM rats; inhibited retinal cell apoptosis; strengthened retinal cell proliferation; and reduced expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and nuclear p65 NF-κB in retinal tissues. The improvement in all these indexes was much more significant in rats of DM + 10 mg/kg R406 group than in rats of DM + 5 mg/kg R406 group. CONCLUSION Syk inhibitor R406 could attenuate retinal inflammation in DR rats via the repression of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, No. 12, Pingan North Street, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, No. 12, Pingan North Street, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, No. 12, Pingan North Street, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun-Ru Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, No. 12, Pingan North Street, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Na Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, No. 12, Pingan North Street, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, No. 12, Pingan North Street, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rui-Xue Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, No. 12, Pingan North Street, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
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Liu L, Pang X, Shang W, Feng G, Wang Z, Wang J. miR-136 improves renal fibrosis in diabetic rats by targeting down-regulation of tyrosine kinase SYK and inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Ren Fail 2020; 42:513-522. [PMID: 32441195 PMCID: PMC7946058 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1764854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the way that miR-136 regulated spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad3 signaling pathways on renal fibrosis.Methods: 100 male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were randomly divided into diabetic nephropathy (DN) group, normal control (NC) group, miR-136 mimics group, and control group. The renal fibrosis model of diabetic rats was established by streptozotocin (STZ) method. NRK-52E cells were transfected into six groups: HG group, HG + miR-136 group, HG + miR-NC group, miR-136 + SYK group, miR-136 + NC group, and control group. Histopathological examination, the expressions of miR-136 and SYK mRNA, the expression of mTOR, blood glucose, urine protein, body weight, creatinine level, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and KW/BW were detected in each group. Transfection efficiency, the targeted binding, and regulation between miR-136 and SYK, as well as the expression level of related inflammatory factors, the expression levels of SYK, E-Cad (E-cadherin), Vimentin, Collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were detected.Results: It was shown that the expression level of miR-136 in DN group significantly decreased. The blood glucose and urine protein concentrations in the DN group and miR-136 mimics group significantly increased and the body weight was decreased, but the blood glucose concentration in the miR-136 mimics group increased with time. The prolongation of the decline significantly decreased, and the growth rate of urinary protein reduced. Creatinine, BUN, and the kidney weight to body weight ratio (KW/BW) in DN group increased significantly. Cell culture results showed that SYK was a target gene of miR-136 and miR-136/SYK-mediated renal fibrosis by activating TGF-β1/Smad3 signal.Conclusion: SYK activates TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, while miR-136 inhibits TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling mediating tubular epithelial cell fibrosis by down-regulating SYK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinlu Pang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Shang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guiwen Feng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junxiang Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang NN, Kang JS, Liu SS, Gu SM, Song ZP, Li FX, Wang LF, Yao L, Li T, Li LL, Wang Y, Li XJ, Mao XM. Flavanomarein inhibits high glucose-stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells via targeting spleen tyrosine kinase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:439. [PMID: 31949205 PMCID: PMC6965095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavanomarein (FM) is a major natural compound of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt with protective effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we investigated the effects of FM on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in high glucose (HG)-stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and the underlying mechanisms, including both direct targets and downstream signal-related proteins. The influence of FM on EMT marker proteins was evaluated via western blot. Potential target proteins of FM were searched using Discovery Studio 2017 R2. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was conducted to enrich the proteins within the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for biological processes. Specific binding of FM to target proteins was examined via molecular dynamics and surface plasmon resonance analyses (SPR). FM promoted the proliferation of HK-2 cells stimulated with HG and inhibited EMT through the Syk/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) was predicted to be the most likely directly interacting protein with FM. Combined therapy with a Syk inhibitor and FM presents significant potential as an effective novel therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Jin-Sen Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si-Meng Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Preclinical School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Lan Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Preclinical College, XinJiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xin-Min Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China. .,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
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Li S, Liu R, Xue M, Qiao Y, Chen Y, Long G, Tian X, Hu Y, Zhou P, Dong X, Qi Z, Cui Y, Shen Y. Spleen tyrosine kinase‑induced JNK‑dependent NLRP3 activation is involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2481-2490. [PMID: 30942391 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading contributor to the increased morbidity and mortality rates associated with diabetes. Persistent inflammation has previously been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of DCM. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the role of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) in NLR family pyrin domain‑containing 3 (NLRP3 inflammasome) activation in DCM were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into Sprague‑Dawley rats to induce a rat model of diabetes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells were cultured to detect the expression of JNK, NLRP3 and its associated downstream molecules, following treatment with Syk/JNK inhibitor or Syk/JNK‑small interfering (si)RNA in high glucose (HG) conditions. It was revealed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of phospho (p)‑Syk, p‑JNK, NLRP3 and its associated downstream molecules, including interleukin (IL)‑1β, were upregulated in vivo and in vitro. The JNK inhibitor significantly decreased the expression of NLRP3 and its downstream molecules in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells treated with HG. Furthermore, Syk‑siRNA and the Syk inhibitor markedly inhibited the HG‑induced activation of JNK, followed by the downregulation of NLRP3 and its downstream molecules at the mRNA and protein levels in cells. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the HG‑induced activation of NLRP3 was mediated by the activation of Syk/JNK, which subsequently increased the protein expression levels of mature IL‑1β, suggesting that the Syk/JNK/NLRP3 signaling pathway serves a critical role in the pathogenesis of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Meiting Xue
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Guangfeng Long
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Xixi Tian
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Hu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Cui
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
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11
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Trichosanthes kirilowii lectin alleviates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the LOX1/NF-κB/caspase-9 signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180071. [PMID: 30038056 PMCID: PMC6127671 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosanthes kirilowii lectin (TKL) has been reported to exert hypoglycemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. However, there is no evidence showing that it helps to prevent diabetic nephropathy (DN). We used a high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cell model and a streptozocin (STZ)-induced Wistar rat model to investigate the effects of TKL on DN, as well as the mechanisms for those effects. Our results showed that TKL significantly increased the viability of HG-treated HK-2 cells and inhibited cell apoptosis. In vivo experiments demonstrated that TKL attenuated STZ-induced histopathological damage and the inflammatory response in rat kidney tissues. Pre-treatment of HK-2 cells or STZ-treated rats with polyinosinic acid (Poly IC), an inhibitor of lectin-like oxLDL receptor 1 (LOX1), blocked the protective effect of TKL against HG- or STZ-induced damage to kidney tissue, indicating that TKL might exert its effect via LOX1-mediated endocytosis. Additional results suggested that TKL inhibits the phosphorylation of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor protein (IκBα), and thereby reduces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65). ChIP assay data indicated that TKL markedly inhibits the binding of p65 to the CASP9 gene in HG-treated HK-2 cells, subsequently suppressing transcription of the CASP9 gene. In the dual-luciferase reporter assay, TKL significantly inhibited luciferase activity in cells co-transfected with p65 and a wild-type capase-9 construct instead of mutated caspase-9 constructs. Taken together, our results show that TKL helps to protect against DN by inhibiting the LOX1/NF-κB/caspase-9 signaling pathway, suggesting TKL as a promising agent for treating DN.
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12
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Melatonin therapy for diabetic cardiomyopathy: A mechanism involving Syk-mitochondrial complex I-SERCA pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 47:88-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Qiao Y, Tian X, Men L, Li S, Chen Y, Xue M, Hu Y, Zhou P, Long G, Shi Y, Liu R, Liu Y, Qi Z, Cui Y, Shen Y. Spleen tyrosine kinase promotes NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome‑mediated IL‑1β secretion via c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase activation and cell apoptosis during diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1995-2008. [PMID: 29901140 PMCID: PMC6072182 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes and can cause an increased mortality risk. It was previously reported that NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, the effects of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) on the NLRP3 inflammasome were examined in vivo and in vitro. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. HK2 cells and rat glomerular mesangial cells (RGMCs) were examined to detect the expression of JNK and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins following treatment with a Syk inhibitor or Syk-small interfering (si)RNA in a high glucose condition. In the present study, it was revealed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated molecules and the downstream mature interleukin (IL)-1β were upregulated in vivo and in vitro. The Syk inhibitor and Syk-siRNA suppressed high glucose-induced JNK activation, and subsequently downregulated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and mature IL-1β in HK2 cells and RGMCs. Furthermore, high glucose-induced apoptosis of HK2 cells was reduced by the Syk inhibitor BAY61-3606. Therefore, the present results determined that high glucose-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is mediated by Syk/JNK activation, which subsequently increased the protein expression level of IL-1β and mature IL-1β. The present study identified that the Syk/JNK/NLRP3 signaling pathway may serve a vital role in the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Xixi Tian
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Li Men
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Shengyu Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Meiting Xue
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Hu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Guangfeng Long
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yunde Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Cui
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
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14
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Qiu YY, Tang LQ. Roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:251-264. [PMID: 27826011 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, and persistent inflammation in circulatory and renal tissues is an important pathophysiological basis for DN. The essence of the microinflammatory state is the innate immune response, which is central to the occurrence and development of DN. Members of the inflammasome family, including both "receptors" and "regulators", are key to the inflammatory immune response. Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and other inflammasome components are able to detect endogenous danger signals, resulting in activation of caspase-1 as well as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and other cytokines; these events stimulate the inflammatory cascade reaction, which is crucial for DN. Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and hyperuricaemia can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which then mediates the occurrence and development of DN through the K+ channel model, the lysosomal damage model and the active oxygen cluster model. In this review, we survey the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in various signalling pathways and highlight different aspects of their influence on DN. We also explore the important effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome on kidney function and structural changes that occur during DN development and progression. It is becoming more evident that NLRP3 inflammasome targeting has therapeutic potential for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ye Qiu
- Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 17# Lu-jiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Li-Qin Tang
- Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 17# Lu-jiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China.
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15
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Ma TKW, McAdoo SP, Tam FWK. Spleen Tyrosine Kinase: A Crucial Player and Potential Therapeutic Target in Renal Disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 133:261-9. [PMID: 27476075 DOI: 10.1159/000446879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a 72 kDa cytoplasmic non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, plays an important role in signal transduction in a variety of cell types. Ever since its discovery in the early 1990s, there has been accumulating evidence to suggest a pathogenic role of Syk in various allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases and malignancies. Additionally, there is emerging data from both pre-clinical and clinical studies that Syk is implicated in the pathogenesis of proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN), including anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated GN, lupus nephritis and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Moreover, recent animal studies have shed light on the importance of Syk in mediating acute renal allograft rejection, Epstein Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and kidney fibrosis. Fostamatinib, an oral Syk inhibitor, has undergone clinical testing in rheumatoid arthritis, refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia and lymphoma. The recent STOP-IgAN trial showed that the addition of non-selective immunosuppressive therapy to intensive supportive care did not improve clinical outcomes in high-risk IgAN patients. A Syk-targeted approach may be beneficial and is currently being evaluated in a phase II randomized controlled trial. In this review, we will discuss the pathogenic role of Syk and potential use of Syk inhibitor in a variety of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry King-Wing Ma
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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16
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Dasgupta N, Thakur BK, Ta A, Dutta P, Das S. Suppression of Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (Syk) by Histone Deacetylation Promotes, Whereas BAY61-3606, a Synthetic Syk Inhibitor Abrogates Colonocyte Apoptosis by ERK Activation. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:191-203. [PMID: 27293079 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, regulates tumor progression, either negatively or positively, depending on the tissue lineage. Information about the role of Syk in colorectal cancers (CRC) is limited, and conflicting reports have been published. We studied Syk expression and its role in differentiation and apoptosis of the colonocytes. Here, we reported for the first time that expression of two transcript variants of Syk is suppressed in colonocytes during butyrate-induced differentiation, which mediates apoptosis of HT-29 cells. Despite being a known HDAC inhibitor, butyrate deacetylates histone3/4 around the transcription start site (TSS) of Syk. Histone deacetylation precludes the binding of RNA Polymerase II to the promoter and inhibits transcription. Since butyrate is a colonic metabolite derived from undigested fibers, our study offers a plausible explanation of the underlying mechanisms of the protective role of butyrate as well as the dietary fibers against CRC through the regulation of Syk. We also report that combined use of butyrate and highly specific Syk inhibitor BAY61-3606 does not enhance differentiation and apoptosis of colonocytes. Instead, BAY completely abolishes butyrate-induced differentiation and apoptosis in a Syk- and ERK1/2-dependent manner. While butyrate dephosphorylates ERK1/2 in HT-29 cells, BAY re-phosphorylates it, leading to its activation. This study describes a novel mechanism of butyrate action in CRC and explores the role of Syk in butyrate-induced differentiation and apoptosis. In addition, our study highlights those commercial small molecule inhibitors, although attractive drug candidates should be used with concern because of their frequent off-target effects. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 191-203, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Dasgupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Bhupesh Kumar Thakur
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Atri Ta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Pujarini Dutta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Santasabuj Das
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
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17
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Wu Y, Lan C, Ren D, Chen GY. Induction of Siglec-1 by Endotoxin Tolerance Suppresses the Innate Immune Response by Promoting TGF-β1 Production. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12370-82. [PMID: 27129263 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although the prevailing theory for the sepsis syndrome is a condition of uncontrolled inflammation in response to infection, sepsis is increasingly being recognized as an immunosuppressive state known as endotoxin tolerance. We found sialylation of cell surface was significantly increased on LPS-induced tolerant cells; knockdown of Neu1 in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells resulted in enhanced LPS-induced tolerance, whereas overexpression of Neu1 or treatment with sialidase abrogated LPS-induced tolerance, as defined by measuring TNF-α levels in the culture supernatants. We also found that the expression of Siglec-1 (a member of sialic acid-binding Ig (I)-like lectin family members, the predominant sialic acid-binding proteins on cell surface) was specifically up-regulated in endotoxin tolerant cells and the induction of Siglec-1 suppresses the innate immune response by promoting TGF-β1 production. The enhanced TGF-β1 production by Siglec-1 was significantly attenuated by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor. Knockdown of siglec-1 in RAW 264.7 cells resulted in inhibiting the production of TGF-β1 by ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Syk. Mechanistically, Siglec-1 associates with adaptor protein DNAX-activation protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) and transduces a signal to Syk to control the production of TGF-β1 in endotoxin tolerance. Thus, Siglec-1 plays an important role in the development of endotoxin tolerance and targeted manipulation of this process could lead to a new therapeutic opportunity for patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- From the Children's Foundation Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38103
| | - Chao Lan
- From the Children's Foundation Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38103
| | - Dongren Ren
- From the Children's Foundation Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38103
| | - Guo-Yun Chen
- From the Children's Foundation Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38103
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18
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Emodin attenuates high glucose-induced TGF-β1 and fibronectin expression in mesangial cells through inhibition of NF-κB pathway. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:3182-9. [PMID: 24140264 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the subsequent overexpression of its downstream targets transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin (FN) are among the hallmarks for the progressive diabetic nephropathy. Our previous studies demonstrated that emodin ameliorated renal injury and inhibited extracellular matrix accumulation in kidney and mesangial cells under diabetic condition. However, the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that emodin significantly attenuated high glucose-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation in mesangial cells. Interestingly, emodin also inhibited the DNA-binding activity and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Furthermore, NF-κB-mediated TGF-β1 and FN expression was significantly decreased by emodin. These results demonstrated that emodin suppressed TGF-β1 and FN overexpression through inhibition of NF-κB activation, suggesting that emodin-mediated inhibition of the NF-κB pathway could protect against diabetic nephropathy.
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Esparza-López J, Medina-Franco H, Escobar-Arriaga E, León-Rodríguez E, Zentella-Dehesa A, Ibarra-Sánchez MJ. Doxorubicin induces atypical NF-κB activation through c-Abl kinase activity in breast cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1625-35. [PMID: 23892407 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE NF-κB transcription factor has been associated with cancer development and chemoresistance. We studied the signaling pathway activated by doxorubicin (DOX) leading to NF-κB activation in breast cancer cells. METHODS NF-κB activity was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift in T47D, ZR75.30 and primary culture (MBCDF) from a ductal infiltrating carcinoma. Cell viability was measured by crystal violet. Western blotting was performed to check the expression and phosphorylation of IκBα Ser-32/36. c-Abl was inhibited with Imatinib or by overexpressing a dominant negative form of c-Abl (K290R). RESULTS We found a correlation between sensitivity to DOX and amplitude of NF-κB activation. In cells least sensitive to DOX, NF-κB remained activated for longer time (T47D and MBCDF). The opposite effect was observed in cells sensitive to DOX (ZR75.30). DOX did not induce IκBα degradation or Ser-32/36 phosphorylation. Instead, there were modifications in the levels of IκBα tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting an atypical NF-κB activation. In DOX-resistant cells, Imatinib treatment reduced IκBα tyrosine phosphorylation and NF-κB activity. The Imatinib-DOX combination significantly enhanced cell death of T47D and MBCDF breast cancer cells. Overexpression of c-Abl K290R in T47D and MBCDF cells reduced basal and DOX-induced NF-κB activation as well as IκBα tyrosine phosphorylation. In c-Abl K290R cells, DOX treatment did not mimic the combination Imatinib-DOX-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of c-Abl inactivated IκBα/NF-κB pathway is associated with IκBα tyrosine phosphorylation in breast cancer cells. These results also raise the potential use of a combined therapy with Imatinib and DOX for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Esparza-López
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14000, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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