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Nowak J, Lenartowski R, Kalita K, Lehka L, Karatsai O, Lenartowska M, Rędowicz MJ. Myosin VI in the nucleolus of neurosecretory PC12 cells: its involvement in the maintenance of nucleolar structure and ribosome organization. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1368416. [PMID: 38774650 PMCID: PMC11106421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1368416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that unconventional myosin VI (MVI), a unique actin-based motor protein, shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus in neurosecretory PC12 cells in a stimulation-dependent manner and interacts with numerous proteins involved in nuclear processes. Among the identified potential MVI partners was nucleolin, a major nucleolar protein implicated in rRNA processing and ribosome assembly. Several other nucleolar proteins such as fibrillarin, UBF (upstream binding factor), and B23 (also termed nucleophosmin) have been shown to interact with MVI. A bioinformatics tool predicted the presence of the nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) within the MVI globular tail domain, and immunostaining confirmed the presence of MVI within the nucleolus. Depletion of MVI, previously shown to impair PC12 cell proliferation and motility, caused disorganization of the nucleolus and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). However, lack of MVI does not affect nucleolar transcription. In light of these data, we propose that MVI is important for nucleolar and ribosome maintenance but not for RNA polymerase 1-related transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Lenartowski
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kalita
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Partnership for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders—BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lilya Lehka
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Karatsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Lenartowska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Solomatina ES, Nishkomaeva EN, Kovaleva AV, Tvorogova AV, Potashnikova DM, Saidova AA. Parameters of Cell Death and Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells with Altered Expression of Myosin 1C Isoforms. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2024; 514:16-22. [PMID: 38189886 PMCID: PMC11021239 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672923700588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Myosin 1C is a monomeric myosin motor with a truncated tail domain. Such motors are referred as slow "tension sensors." Three isoforms of myosin 1C differ in short N-termed amino acid sequences, the functional differences between isoforms have not been elucidated. Myosin 1C isoform A was described as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer, but its role in tumor transformation remains unknown. Based on data on the functions of myosin 1C, we hypothesized the potential role of myosin 1C isoforms in maintaining the tumor phenotype of prostate cancer cells. In our work, we showed that a decrease in the expression level of myosin 1C isoform C leads to an increase in the proliferative activity of prostate tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Solomatina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Nishkomaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Kovaleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Tvorogova
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D M Potashnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Saidova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Giese S, Reindl T, Reinke PYA, Zattelman L, Fedorov R, Henn A, Taft MH, Manstein DJ. Mechanochemical properties of human myosin-1C are modulated by isoform-specific differences in the N-terminal extension. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100128. [PMID: 33257319 PMCID: PMC7948490 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin-1C is a single-headed, short-tailed member of the myosin class I subfamily that supports a variety of actin-based functions in the cytosol and nucleus. In vertebrates, alternative splicing of the MYO1C gene leads to the production of three isoforms, myosin-1C0, myosin-1C16, and myosin-1C35, that carry N-terminal extensions of different lengths. However, it is not clear how these extensions affect the chemomechanical coupling of human myosin-1C isoforms. Here, we report on the motor activity of the different myosin-1C isoforms measuring the unloaded velocities of constructs lacking the C-terminal lipid-binding domain on nitrocellulose-coated glass surfaces and full-length constructs on reconstituted, supported lipid bilayers. The higher yields of purified proteins obtained with constructs lacking the lipid-binding domain allowed a detailed characterization of the individual kinetic steps of human myosin-1C isoforms in their productive interaction with nucleotides and filamentous actin. Isoform-specific differences include 18-fold changes in the maximum power output per myosin-1C motor and 4-fold changes in the velocity and the resistive force at which maximum power output occurs. Our results support a model in which the isoform-specific N-terminal extensions affect chemomechanical coupling by combined steric and allosteric effects, thereby reducing both the length of the working stroke and the rate of ADP release in the absence of external loads by a factor of 2 for myosin-1C35. As the large change in maximum power output shows, the functional differences between the isoforms are further amplified by the presence of external loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Giese
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Fritz-Hartmann-Centre for Medical Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresia Reindl
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Fritz-Hartmann-Centre for Medical Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Y A Reinke
- Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lilach Zattelman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roman Fedorov
- Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnon Henn
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Manuel H Taft
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Fritz-Hartmann-Centre for Medical Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Dietmar J Manstein
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Fritz-Hartmann-Centre for Medical Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Myosins constitute a superfamily of actin-based molecular motor proteins that mediates a variety of cellular activities including muscle contraction, cell migration, intracellular transport, the formation of membrane projections, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. The 12 myosin classes that are expressed in humans share sequence similarities especially in the N-terminal motor domain; however, their enzymatic activities, regulation, ability to dimerize, binding partners, and cellular functions differ. It is becoming increasingly apparent that defects in myosins are associated with diseases including cardiomyopathies, colitis, glomerulosclerosis, neurological defects, cancer, blindness, and deafness. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding myosins and disease.
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Cook AW, Gough RE, Toseland CP. Nuclear myosins - roles for molecular transporters and anchors. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/11/jcs242420. [PMID: 32499319 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The myosin family of molecular motors are well-characterised cytoskeletal proteins. However, myosins are also present in the nucleus, where they have been shown to have roles in transcription, DNA repair and viral infections. Despite their involvement in these fundamental cellular processes, our understanding of these functions and their regulation remains limited. Recently, research on nuclear myosins has been gathering pace, and this Review will evaluate the current state of the field. Here, we will focus on the variation in structure of nuclear myosins, their nuclear import and their roles within transcription, DNA damage, chromatin organisation and viral infections. We will also consider both the biochemical and biophysical properties and restraints that are placed on these multifunctional motors, and how they link to their cytoplasmic counterparts. By highlighting these properties and processes, we show just how integral nuclear myosins are for cellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Cook
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Rosemarie E Gough
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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Venit T, Mahmood SR, Endara-Coll M, Percipalle P. Nuclear actin and myosin in chromatin regulation and maintenance of genome integrity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:67-108. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Zattelman L, Regev R, Ušaj M, Reinke PYA, Giese S, Samson AO, Taft MH, Manstein DJ, Henn A. N-terminal splicing extensions of the human MYO1C gene fine-tune the kinetics of the three full-length myosin IC isoforms. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17804-17818. [PMID: 28893906 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.794008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYO1C gene produces three alternatively spliced isoforms, differing only in their N-terminal regions (NTRs). These isoforms, which exhibit both specific and overlapping nuclear and cytoplasmic functions, have different expression levels and nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning. To investigate the effect of NTR extensions on the enzymatic behavior of individual isoforms, we overexpressed and purified the three full-length human isoforms from suspension-adapted HEK cells. MYO1CC favored the actomyosin closed state (AMC), MYO1C16 populated the actomyosin open state (AMO) and AMC equally, and MYO1C35 favored the AMO state. Moreover, the full-length constructs isomerized before ADP release, which has not been observed previously in truncated MYO1CC constructs. Furthermore, global numerical simulation analysis predicted that MYO1C35 populated the actomyosin·ADP closed state (AMDC) 5-fold more than the actomyosin·ADP open state (AMDO) and to a greater degree than MYO1CC and MYO1C16 (4- and 2-fold, respectively). On the basis of a homology model of the 35-amino acid NTR of MYO1C35 (NTR35) docked to the X-ray structure of MYO1CC, we predicted that MYO1C35 NTR residue Arg-21 would engage in a specific interaction with post-relay helix residue Glu-469, which affects the mechanics of the myosin power stroke. In addition, we found that adding the NTR35 peptide to MYO1CC yielded a protein that transiently mimics MYO1C35 kinetic behavior. By contrast, NTR35, which harbors the R21G mutation, was unable to confer MYO1C35-like kinetic behavior. Thus, the NTRs affect the specific nucleotide-binding properties of MYO1C isoforms, adding to their kinetic diversity. We propose that this level of fine-tuning within MYO1C broadens its adaptability within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Zattelman
- From the Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ronit Regev
- From the Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Marko Ušaj
- From the Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Patrick Y A Reinke
- the Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, OE 4350, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Giese
- the Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, OE 4350, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Abraham O Samson
- the Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311520, Israel, and
| | - Manuel H Taft
- the Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, OE 4350, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dietmar J Manstein
- the Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, OE 4350, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnon Henn
- From the Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel,
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Myosin isoform expressed in metastatic prostate cancer stimulates cell invasion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8476. [PMID: 28814772 PMCID: PMC5559518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, tumor cells migrate out of their original tissue to invade other organs. Secretion of exosomes and metalloproteases is essential for extracellular matrix remodeling, enabling migration through tissue barriers. Metastatic prostate cancer is differentiated by expression of the rare isoform A of the molecular motor myosin IC, however the function of this isoform remained unknown. Here we show that it contributes causatively to the invasive motility of prostate cancer cells. We found that the isoform associates with metalloprotease-containing exosomes and stimulates their secretion. While the data show that myosin IC is involved in prostate cancer cell migration, migration outside extracellular matrix in vitro proves little affected specifically by isoform A. Nevertheless, this isoform stimulates invasion through extracellular matrix, pointing to a critical role in secretion. Both the secretion and invasion depend on the integrity of the motor and lipid-binding domains of the protein. Our results demonstrate how myosin IC isoform A is likely to function in metastasis, driving secretion of exosomes that enable invasion of prostate cancer cells across extracellular matrix barriers. The new data identify a molecule suitable for a mechanistically grounded development into a marker and target for prognosis, detection, and treatment of invasive prostate cancer.
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Maly IV, Hofmann WA. Calcium-regulated import of myosin IC into the nucleus. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:341-50. [PMID: 27192697 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myosin IC is a molecular motor involved in intracellular transport, cell motility, and transcription. Its mechanical properties are regulated by calcium via calmodulin binding, and its functions in the nucleus depend on import from the cytoplasm. The import has recently been shown to be mediated by the nuclear localization signal located within the calmodulin-binding domain. In the present paper, it is demonstrated that mutations in the calmodulin-binding sequence shift the intracellular distribution of myosin IC to the nucleus. The redistribution is displayed by isoform B, described originally as the "nuclear myosin," but is particularly pronounced with isoform C, the normally cytoplasmic isoform. Furthermore, experimental elevation of the intracellular calcium concentration induces a rapid import of myosin into the nucleus. The import is blocked by the importin β inhibitor importazole. These findings are consistent with a mechanism whereby calmodulin binding prevents recognition of the nuclear localization sequence by importin β, and the steric inhibition of import is released by cell signaling leading to the intracellular calcium elevation. The results establish a mechanistic connection between the calcium regulation of the motor function of myosin IC in the cytoplasm and the induction of its import into the nucleus. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Maly
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Wilma A Hofmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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Sielski NL, Ihnatovych I, Hagen JJ, Hofmann WA. Tissue specific expression of myosin IC isoforms. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:8. [PMID: 24618359 PMCID: PMC3984714 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-15-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myosin IC is a single headed member of the myosin superfamily that localizes to the cytoplasm and the nucleus and is implicated in a variety of processes in both compartments. We recently identified a novel isoform of myosin IC and showed that the MYOIC gene in mammalian cells encodes three isoforms (isoforms A, B, and C) that differ only in the addition of short isoform-specific N-terminal peptides. The expression pattern of the isoforms and the mechanisms of expression regulation remain unknown. Results To determine the expression patterns of myosin IC isoforms, we performed a comprehensive expression analysis of the two myosin IC isoforms (isoform A and B) that contain isoform-specific sequences. By immunoblotting with isoform-specific antibodies and by qRT-PCR with isoform-specific primer we demonstrate that myosin IC isoforms A and B have distinct expression patterns in mouse tissues. Specifically, we show that myosin IC isoform A is expressed in a tissue specific pattern, while myosin IC isoform B is ubiquitously expressed at comparable levels in mouse tissues. Conclusions The differences in the expression profile of the myosin IC isoforms indicate a tissue-specific MYOIC gene regulation and further suggest that the myosin IC isoforms, despite their high sequence homology, might have tissue-specific and isoform-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wilma A Hofmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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