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Calaf GM. Breast carcinogenesis induced by organophosphorous pesticides. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 96:71-117. [PMID: 36858780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major health threat to women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death. The use of organophosphorous pesticides has increased in agricultural environments and urban settings, and there is evidence that estrogen may increase breast cancer risk in women. The mammary gland is an excellent model for examining its susceptibility to different carcinogenic agents due to its high cell proliferation capabilities associated with the topography of the mammary parenchyma and specific stages of gland development. Several experimental cellular models are presented here, in which the animals were exposed to chemical compounds such as pesticides, and endogenous substances such as estrogens that exert a significant effect on normal breast cell processes at different levels. Such models were developed by the effect of malathion, parathion, and eserine, influenced by estrogen demonstrating features of cancer initiation in vivo as tumor formation in rodents; and in vitro in the immortalized normal breast cell line MCF-10F, that when transformed showed signs of carcinogenesis such as increased cell proliferation, anchorage independence, invasive capabilities, modulation of receptors and genomic instability. The role of acetylcholine was also demonstrated in the MCF-10F, suggesting a role not only as a neurotransmitter but also with other functions, such as induction of cell proliferation, playing an important role in cancer. Of note, this is a unique experimental approach that identifies mechanistic signs that link organophosphorous pesticides with breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
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Wakiya T, Ishido K, Yoshizawa T, Kanda T, Hakamada K. Roles of the nervous system in pancreatic cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2021; 5:623-633. [PMID: 34585047 PMCID: PMC8452481 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with its extremely poor prognosis, presents a substantial health problem worldwide. Outcomes have improved thanks to progress in surgical technique, chemotherapy, pre-/postoperative management, and centralization of patient care to high-volume centers. However, our goals are yet to be met. Recently, exome sequencing using PDAC surgical specimens has demonstrated that the most frequently altered genes were the axon guidance genes, indicating involvement of the nervous system in PDAC carcinogenesis. Moreover, perineural invasion has been widely identified as one poor prognostic factor. The combination of innovative technologies and extensive clinician experience with the nervous system come together here to create a new treatment option. However, evidence has emerged that suggests that the relationship between cancer and nerves in PDAC, the underlying mechanism, is not fully understood. In an attempt to tackle this lethal cancer, this review summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the pancreas and discusses the role of the nervous system in the pathophysiology of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiichi Wakiya
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Keinosuke Ishido
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology and BioscienceHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Taishu Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
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Mandal S, Bandyopadhyay S, Tyagi K, Roy A. Recent advances in understanding the molecular role of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C gamma 1 as an emerging onco-driver and novel therapeutic target in human carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188619. [PMID: 34454048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide metabolism is crucial intracellular signaling system that regulates a plethora of biological functions including mitogenesis, cell proliferation and division. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1) which belongs to phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) family, is activated by many extracellular stimuli including hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors and modulates several cellular and physiological functions necessary for tumorigenesis such as cell survival, migration, invasion and angiogenesis by generating inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) via hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2). Cancer remains as a leading cause of global mortality and aberrant expression and regulation of PLCγ1 is linked to a plethora of deadly human cancers including carcinomas of the breast, lung, pancreas, stomach, prostate and ovary. Although PLCγ1 cross-talks with many onco-drivers and signaling circuits including PI3K, AKT, HIF1-α and RAF/MEK/ERK cascade, its precise role in carcinogenesis is not completely understood. This review comprehensively discussed the status quo of this ubiquitously expressed phospholipase as a tumor driver and highlighted its significance as a novel therapeutic target in cancer. Furthermore, we have highlighted the significance of somatic driver mutations in PLCG1 gene and molecular roles of PLCγ1 in several major human cancers, a knowledgebase that can be utilized to develop novel, isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors of PLCγ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India.
| | - Shrabasti Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Komal Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
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Calaf GM. Role of organophosphorous pesticides and acetylcholine in breast carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:206-217. [PMID: 33766648 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Several studies have addressed the association between cancer in humans and agricultural pesticide exposure. Evidence indicates that exposure to organophosphorous pesticides such as parathion and malathion occurs as a result of occupational factors since they are extensively used to control insects. On the other hand, estrogens have been considered beneficial to the organism; however, epidemiological studies have pointed out an increased breast cancer risk in both humans and animals. Experimental female rat mammary gland cancer models were developed after exposure to parathion, malathion, eserine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and estrogen allowing the analysis of the signs of carcinogenicity as alteration of cell proliferation, receptor expression, genomic instability, and cell metabolism in vivo and in vitro. Thus, pesticides increased proliferative ducts followed by ductal carcinoma; and 17β-estradiol increased proliferative lobules followed by lobular carcinomas. The combination of both pesticides and either eserine or estrogen induced tumors with both types of structures followed by mammary gland tumors and metastasis to the lung and kidneys after 240 days of a 5-day treatment. Studies also showed that these pesticides and eserine decreased three to five times the acetylcholinesterase activity in the serum compared to controls whereas terminal end buds increased in number, being inhibited by atropine. Genomic instability was analyzed in such tissues (mp53, CYP1A2, c-myc, c-fos, ERα, M2R) and pesticides increased protein expression that was stimulated by estrogens but inhibited by atropine. Eserine also transformed the epithelium of the rat mammary gland in the presence of estrogen and increased the number of terminal end buds after treatment inducing mammary carcinomas. Then, enzymatic digestion of such structures gave rise to cells with increased DNA synthesis and induced anchorage independence. Thus, there were changes in the epithelium of the mammary gland influencing breast carcinogenesis. Furthermore, these substances and acetylcholine also showed the signs of carcinogenicity in vitro as cell proliferation, receptor expression (ERα, ErbB2, M2R), genomic instability (c-myc, mp53, ERα, M2R), and cell metabolism. A unique cellular model is also presented here based on the use of MCF-10 F, a non-tumorigenic cell line that represents a valuable clinically translatable experimental approach that identifies mechanistic links for pesticides and estrogen as suspect human carcinogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, 1000000, Chile; Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Zhong J, Shan W, Zuo Z. Norepinephrine inhibits migration and invasion of human glioblastoma cell cultures possibly via MMP-11 inhibition. Brain Res 2021; 1756:147280. [PMID: 33515535 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence has shown that the stress hormones affect tumor progression. Patients with surgery to remove tumor often have increased norepinephrine during the perioperative period. However, the effect of norepinephrine on the progression of glioblastoma has not yet studied. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the effects of norepinephrine on the migration and invasion of the human glioblastoma U87 and U251 cell lines and the mechanism for the effects. METHODS The U87 and U251 cells were treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 or 50 μM norepinephrine. A scratch wound healing assay and a transwell invasion assay were used to investigate cell migration and invasion, respectively. The Human Tumor Metastasis RT2 Profiler PCR Array was used to detect the expression of 84 genes known to be involved in metastasis. RESULTS Following norepinephrine treatment, the ability of the U87 and U251 cells to migrate and invade was significantly decreased. Human Tumor Metastasis RT2 Profiler PCR Array assay showed that matrix metallopeptidase-11 (MMP-11) was decreased following norepinephrine treatment. The β-adrenergic receptor blocker (AR) propranolol blunted the suppressive effect of norepinephrine on the migration and invasion of U251 cells but did not have such an effect on the invasion of U87 cells. MMP-11 silencing inhibited the migration and invasion of U87 and U251 cells. The Cancer Genome Atlas data showed that patients with higher expression of MMP-11 in the glioblastoma tissues had poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that norepinephrine inhibits the migration and invasion of human glioblastoma cells. This effect may be mediated by the decrease of MMP-11. β-AR may be a regulatory factor for this effect in U251 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiran Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Kalwat MA, Huang Z, Binns DD, McGlynn K, Cobb MH. α 2-Adrenergic Disruption of β Cell BDNF-TrkB Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576396. [PMID: 33178692 PMCID: PMC7593622 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic signaling is a well-known input into pancreatic islet function. Specifically, the insulin-secreting islet β cell expresses the Gi/o-linked α2-adrenergic receptor, which upon activation suppresses insulin secretion. The use of the adrenergic agonist epinephrine at micromolar doses may have supraphysiological effects. We found that pretreating β cells with micromolar concentrations of epinephrine differentially inhibited activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. We chose TrkB as an example because of its relative sensitivity to the effects of epinephrine and due to its potential regulatory role in the β cell. Our characterization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB signaling in MIN6 β cells showed that TrkB is activated by BDNF as expected, leading to canonical TrkB autophosphorylation and subsequent downstream signaling, as well as chronic effects on β cell growth. Micromolar, but not nanomolar, concentrations of epinephrine blocked BDNF-induced TrkB autophosphorylation and downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation, suggesting an inhibitory phenomenon at the receptor level. We determined epinephrine-mediated inhibition of TrkB activation to be Gi/o-dependent using pertussis toxin, arguing against an off-target effect of high-dose epinephrine. Published data suggested that inhibition of potassium channels or phosphoinositide-3-kinase signaling may abrogate the negative effects of epinephrine; however, these did not rescue TrkB signaling in our experiments. Taken together, these results show that (1) TrkB kinase signaling occurs in β cells and (2) use of epinephrine in studies of insulin secretion requires careful consideration of concentration-dependent effects. BDNF-TrkB signaling in β cells may underlie pro-survival or growth signaling and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Kalwat
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Xie J, Wang X, Ge H, Peng F, Zheng N, Wang Q, Tao L. Cx32 mediates norepinephrine-promoted EGFR-TKI resistance in a gap junction-independent manner in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23146-23159. [PMID: 31152452 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The second-generation EGFR-TKI Afatinib is an irreversible ErbB family blocker used to treat patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, resistance to this drug develops over time, and patients are always under great psychological pressure. A previous study showed that chronic stress hormones participate in EGFR-TKI resistance via β2 -AR signaling via an IL-6 dependent mechanism. Our study further explores a novel potential underlying mechanism. In the present study, we show that the stress hormone norepinephrine (NE) promotes Afatinib resistance by upregulating Cx32 expression. Furthermore, we, for the first time, find that Cx32 is a target gene for transcription factor CREB and NE enhances Cx32 mRNA expression by activation of CREB. We also demonstrate that Cx32 promotes Afatinib resistance by decreasing the degradation of EGFR-TKI resistance-associated proteins (MET, IGF-1R) and by increasing their transcription levels. Together, these results reveal that the stress hormone NE accelerates Afatinib resistance by increasing the expression of Cx32, which augments MET and IGF-1R levels in cancer cells and provides a promising therapeutic strategy against EGFR-TKI Afatinib resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- Tumor Research Institute, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Ge
- Tumor Research Institute, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fuhua Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningze Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Kuol N, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Role of the nervous system in cancer metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:5. [PMID: 29334991 PMCID: PMC5769535 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains as one of the leading cause of death worldwide. The development of cancer involves an intricate process, wherein many identified and unidentified factors play a role. Although most studies have focused on the genetic abnormalities which initiate and promote cancer, there is overwhelming evidence that tumors interact within their environment by direct cell-to-cell contact and with signaling molecules, suggesting that cancer cells can influence their microenvironment and bidirectionally communicate with other systems. However, only in recent years the role of the nervous system has been recognized as a major contributor to cancer development and metastasis. The nervous system governs functional activities of many organs, and, as tumors are not independent organs within an organism, this system is integrally involved in tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyanbol Kuol
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, AIMSS, Melbourne, Australia.
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Zingone A, Brown D, Bowman ED, Vidal O, Sage J, Neal J, Ryan BM. Relationship between anti-depressant use and lung cancer survival. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2017; 10:33-39. [PMID: 28944316 PMCID: PMC5603309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent years, the anti-cancer properties of several commonly used drugs have been explored, with drugs such as aspirin and beta-blockers associated with improved cancer outcomes. Previous preclinical work demonstrated that tricyclic anti-depressants have antitumor efficacy in lung cancer. Our goal was to examine the association between anti-depressant use and survival in lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the association between use of common anti-depressants and survival in 1,097 lung cancer patients from the NCI-Maryland lung cancer study. The types of anti-depressants included in the study were norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic anti-depressants. Anti-depressant use was extracted from the medical history section of a detailed interviewer-administered questionnaire. Specific use in the three months before a lung cancer diagnosis was determined. Cox portioned hazards modeling was used to estimate the association between anti-depressant use with lung cancer-specific death with adjustment for potential confounding co-factors. RESULTS Anti-depressant use was associated with extended lung cancer-specific survival. In an analysis of specific classes of anti-depressant use, NDRIs and TCAs were associated with improved survival. Importantly, the extended survival associated with anti-depressants was maintained after adjustment for the clinical indications for these drugs, suggestive of a direct effect on lung cancer biology. CONCLUSIONS Considering the manageable and largely tolerable side effects of anti-depressants, and the low cost of these drugs, these results indicate that evaluation of anti-depressants as adjunct therapeutics with chemotherapy may have a translational effect for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Zingone
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Derek Brown
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Elise D. Bowman
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Oscar Vidal
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Julien Sage
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305
| | - Joel Neal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology
| | - Bríd M. Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Correlation of Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Expression in Tumor-Free Surgical Margin and at the Invasive Front of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2016; 2016:3531274. [PMID: 27042179 PMCID: PMC4793135 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3531274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background. The beta-2 adrenergic receptor is expressed by neoplastic cells and is correlated with a wide spectrum of tumor cell mechanisms including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, and metastasis. Objectives. The present study aimed to analyze the expression of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) in tumor-free surgical margins of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and at the invasive front. Sixty-two patients diagnosed with OSCC, confirmed by biopsy, were selected for the study. The clinicopathological data and clinical follow-up were obtained from medical records and their association with β2-AR expression was verified by the chi-square test or Fischer's exact test. To verify the correlation of β2-AR expression in tumor-free surgical margins and at the invasive front of OSCCs, Pearson's correlation coefficient test was applied. Results. The expression of β2-AR presented a statistically significant correlation between the tumor-free surgical margins and the invasive front of OSCC (r = 0.383; p = 0.002). The immunohistochemical distribution of β2-AR at the invasive front of OSCC was also statistically significant associated with alcohol (p = 0.038), simultaneous alcohol and tobacco consumption (p = 0.010), and T stage (p = 0.014). Conclusions. The correlation of β2-AR expression in OSCC and tumor-free surgical margins suggests a role of this receptor in tumor progression and its expression in normal oral epithelium seems to be constitutive.
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Creed SJ, Le CP, Hassan M, Pon CK, Albold S, Chan KT, Berginski ME, Huang Z, Bear JE, Lane JR, Halls ML, Ferrari D, Nowell CJ, Sloan EK. β2-adrenoceptor signaling regulates invadopodia formation to enhance tumor cell invasion. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:145. [PMID: 26607426 PMCID: PMC4660629 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction For efficient metastatic dissemination, tumor cells form invadopodia to degrade and move through three-dimensional extracellular matrix. However, little is known about the conditions that favor invadopodia formation. Here, we investigated the effect of β-adrenoceptor signaling - which allows cells to respond to stress neurotransmitters - on the formation of invadopodia and examined the effect on tumor cell invasion. Methods To characterize the molecular and cellular mechanisms of β-adrenergic signaling on the invasive properties of breast cancer cells, we used functional cellular assays to quantify invadopodia formation and to evaluate cell invasion in two-dimensional and three-dimensional environments. The functional significance of β-adrenergic regulation of invadopodia was investigated in an orthotopic mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis. Results β-adrenoceptor activation increased the frequency of invadopodia-positive tumor cells and the number of invadopodia per cell. The effects were selectively mediated by the β2-adrenoceptor subtype, which signaled through the canonical Src pathway to regulate invadopodia formation. Increased invadopodia occurred at the expense of focal adhesion formation, resulting in a switch to increased tumor cell invasion through three-dimensional extracellular matrix. β2-adrenoceptor signaling increased invasion of tumor cells from explanted primary tumors through surrounding extracellular matrix, suggesting a possible mechanism for the observed increased spontaneous tumor cell dissemination in vivo. Selective antagonism of β2-adrenoceptors blocked invadopodia formation, suggesting a pharmacological strategy to prevent tumor cell dissemination. Conclusion These findings provide insight into conditions that control tumor cell invasion by identifying signaling through β2-adrenoceptors as a regulator of invadopodia formation. These findings suggest novel pharmacological strategies for intervention, by using β-blockers to target β2-adrenoceptors to limit tumor cell dissemination and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Creed
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Caroline P Le
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Mona Hassan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Cindy K Pon
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Sabine Albold
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Keefe T Chan
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Current address: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
| | - Matthew E Berginski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Zhendong Huang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - James E Bear
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - J Robert Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Davide Ferrari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Cousins Center for PNI, UCLA Semel Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
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Vignot S, Lefebvre C, Frampton GM, Meurice G, Yelensky R, Palmer G, Capron F, Lazar V, Hannoun L, Miller VA, André F, Stephens PJ, Soria JC, Spano JP. Comparative analysis of primary tumour and matched metastases in colorectal cancer patients: evaluation of concordance between genomic and transcriptional profiles. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:791-9. [PMID: 25797355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Focal and temporal tumour heterogeneity can represent a major challenge for biology-guided therapies. This study proposes to investigative molecular discrepancies between primary colorectal cancer (CRC) samples and matched metastases. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Surgical samples from primary and matched metastatic tissues from 13 CRC patients along with their adjacent normal tissue were evaluated. A mutational analysis was performed using a targeted Next Generation Sequencing assay (Foundation Medicine) with a focus on known recurrent somatic mutations as surrogate of key oncogenic events. Gene expression analysis was also performed to investigate transcriptional discrepancies. RESULTS Among the 26 samples, 191 mutations were identified including mutations in APC (13 pts), TP53 (11 pts), and KRAS (7 pts). Global concordance rate for mutations was 78% between primary and metastatic tumours and raised to 90% for 12 known recurrent mutations in CRC. Differential gene expression analysis revealed a low number of significantly variant transcripts between primary and metastatic tumours once the tissue effect was taken into account. Only two pathways (ST_ADRENERGIC, PID_REELINPATHWAY) were differentially up-regulated in metastases among 17 variant pathways. A common profile in primary and metastatic tumours revealed conserved pathways mostly involved in cell cycle regulation. Only two pathways were significantly down regulated compared to normal control, including regulation of autophagy (KEGG_REGULATION_OF_AUTOPHAGY). CONCLUSION These results suggest that profiles of primary tumour can identify key alterations present in matched CRC metastases at first metastatic progression. Gene expression analysis identified mainly conserved pathways between primary tumour and matched liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Vignot
- Oncologie Hématologie, Hôpitaux de Chartres, Chartres Le Coudray, France; INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Grand Paris, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Meurice
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Grand Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Vladimir Lazar
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Grand Paris, France
| | | | | | - Fabrice André
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Grand Paris, France
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Stock AM, Hahn SA, Troost G, Niggemann B, Zänker KS, Entschladen F. Induction of pancreatic cancer cell migration by an autocrine epidermal growth factor receptor activation. Exp Cell Res 2014; 326:307-14. [PMID: 24810090 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by aggressive local invasion and early metastasis formation. Active migration of the pancreatic cancer cells is essential for these processes. We have shown previously that the pancreatic cancer cells lines CFPAC1 and IMIM-PC2 show high migratory activity, and we have investigated herein the reason for this observation. Cell migration was assessed using a three-dimensional, collagen-based assay and computer-assisted cell tracking. The expression of receptor tyrosine kinases was determined by flow-cytometry and cytokine release was measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Receptor function was blocked by antibodies or pharmacological enzyme inhibitors. Both cells lines express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as its family-member ErbB2 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)α, whereas only weak expression was detected for ErbB3 and no expression of PDGFRβ. Pharmacological inhibition of the EGFR or ErbB2 significantly reduced the migratory activity in both cell lines, as did an anti-EGFR antibody. Interestingly, combination of the latter with an anti-PDGFR antibody led to an even more pronounced reduction. Both cell lines release detectable amounts of EGF. Thus, the high migratory activity of the investigated pancreatic cancer cell lines is due to autocrine EGFR activation and possibly of other receptor tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Stock
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterological Oncology, Centre of Clinical Research, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gabriele Troost
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Bernd Niggemann
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Kurt S Zänker
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Frank Entschladen
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany.
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Deng GH, Liu J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Peng XC, Wei YQ, Jiang Y. Exogenous norepinephrine attenuates the efficacy of sunitinib in a mouse cancer model. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2014; 33:21. [PMID: 24555849 PMCID: PMC3940302 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sunitinib alone exhibits satisfactory efficacy in several mouse homografts and xenografts but unsatisfactory efficacy in many kinds of solid tumors in clinic. Different from animals, receiving a diagnosis of cancer impacts chronic stress on patients. Here, we examine whether norepinephrine (NE), one of the most potent stress related hormones, leads to the difference in the efficacy of sunitinib between clinical and preclinical trials. Methods The influence of NE on mouse melanoma B16F1 cells under sunitinib was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The β-AR/cAMP/PKA (β-adrenoceptor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A) signaling pathway was also evaluated in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Results We found that NE upregulated the expression of VEGF, IL-8 and IL-6 in vitro and stimulated tumor growth in vivo, which was mediated by β-AR/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and could be inhibited by propranolol, a β-blocker for hypertension for decades. Conclusions This research indicates exogenous norepinephrine attenuates the efficacy of sunitinib, and a combination of sunitinib and propranolol might be suggested as a new strategy in solid tumor in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Jiang
- Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.
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