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Kavitha M, Jayachandran D, Aishwarya SY, Md. Younus P, Venugopal A, Suresh Babu HW, Ajay E, Sanjana M, Arul N, Balachandar V. A new insight into the diverse facets of microRNA-31 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as an emerging biomarker in many cancer types. They are used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and could be considered therapeutic targets in treating the same.
Main body
Studies have proven that miRNAs play an essential role in molecular cancer pathophysiology, including oral squamous cell carcinoma. Distinct expression profiles of different miRNAs have been demonstrated in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Among the miRNAs, the miR-31 has strong potential as a unique biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and the increased expression was correlated to a poor clinical outcome with a likely contribution to oral carcinogenesis.
Short conclusion
The recent research on different aspects of miR-31 as a biomarker and also its potential application in the development of therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma has been focused in this review.
Graphical abstract
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Berndt A, Gaßler N, Franz M. Invasion-Associated Reorganization of Laminin 332 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: The Role of the Laminin γ2 Chain in Tumor Biology, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194903. [PMID: 36230826 PMCID: PMC9564360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The destructive growth of carcinomas is associated with crossing the border between the epithelial and the connective tissue parts of an organ. One component of this borderline, the basement membrane, is the heterotrimeric laminin 332, which mediates the adhesion of basal epithelial cells. This protein, in particular its gamma 2 chain, is fundamentally reorganized during tumor cell invasion. Specific deposition patterns of laminin 332 are also present in oral squamous cell carcinomas and have been shown to be of high diagnostic and predictive value. Furthermore, laminin 332 restructuring is associated with important tumor biological processes, e.g., stromal activation, the development of a motile phenotype, and tumor spreading. In this review, current knowledge in the field is summarized and the recommendation to consider laminin 332 as a promising grading and monitoring parameter and as a potential therapeutic target is discussed. Abstract Invasion of the connective tissue by carcinoma cells is accompanied by disintegration and reorganization of the hemidesmosomes, which connect the basement membrane to the basal epithelial cells. In terms of mediating the basement membrane, i.e., basal cell interactions, the heterotrimeric laminin 332 is the most important bridging molecule. Due to this distinct function, laminin 332, especially its gamma 2 chain, came into the focus of cancer research. Specific de novo synthesis and deposition patterns of laminin 332 are evident upon development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Loss from the basement membrane, cytoplasmic accumulation, and extracellular deposition are associated with crucial processes such as stromal activation and immune response, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and tumor cell budding. In networks with components of the tumor microenvironment, altered expression of laminin 332 chains, proteolytic processing, and interaction with integrin receptors seem to promote cancer cell migration. Indeed, reorganization patterns are shown to have a high diagnostic and prognostic value. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on laminin 332 reorganization in OSCCs with special focus on its gamma 2 chain and provide, based on the current literature, evidence on its promising role as a grading and monitoring parameter and as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Berndt
- Section Pathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-939-70-61
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Section Pathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Lin X, Wu W, Ying Y, Luo J, Xu X, Zheng L, Wu W, Yang S, Zhao S. MicroRNA-31: a pivotal oncogenic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:140. [PMID: 35351880 PMCID: PMC8964740 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) continuously constitutes a major challenge for treatment and prognosis due to approximately half of treated OSCC patients dying from locoregional recurrences and distant metastases. MicroRNA-31 (miR-31), an early mammalian miRNA identified, has been gaining importance in the field of OSCC research in recent years. This comprehensive review was conducted for the first time to summarize the current evidence on the association between miR-31 and OSCC. The vast majority of relevant studies (20/21, 95%) demonstrated that miR-31 was an oncogenic factor in the tumorigenesis and progression of OSCC. miR-31 expression is significantly upregulated in plasma, saliva, and tumor tissue of OSCC. miR-31 played an essential role in OSCC development by constituting a complex network with its targeted genes (e.g. RhoA, FIH, ACOX1, VEGF, SIRT3, LATS2, KANK1, and NUMB) and the signaling cascades (e.g. EGF-AKT signaling axis, ERK-MMP9 cascade, Hippo pathway, Wnt signaling, and MCT1/MCT4 regulatory cascade). This review highlights that miR-31 might function as a potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarker for OSCC. Further studies are still warranted to better illuminate the clinicopathological features and the molecular mechanisms of miR-31-mediated OSCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yukang Ying
- Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhui Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linxia Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weili Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suqing Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), 318000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), 318000, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Single-cell analysis reveals that cancer-associated fibroblasts stimulate oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion via the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 55:262-273. [PMID: 36148955 PMCID: PMC10157546 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in cancer biology and treatment, the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still not satisfactory because of local tumor invasion and frequent lymph node metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a potential target in which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are of great significance due to their interactions with cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, we focus on the crosstalk between cancer cells and CAFs and discover that CAFs are the main source of TGF-β1. Transwell assays and western blot analysis further prove that CAFs activate the TGF-β1/Smad pathway to promote OSCC invasion. Through survival analysis, we confirm that CAF overexpression is correlated with poor overall survival in OSCC. To further elucidate the origin and role of CAFs in OSCC, we analyze single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from 14 OSCC tumor samples and identify four distinct cell types, including CAFs, in the TME, indicating high intratumoral heterogeneity. Then, two subtypes of CAFs, namely, myofibroblasts (mCAFs) and inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs), are further distinguished. Based on the differentially upregulated genes of mCAFs and iCAFs, GO enrichment analysis reveals their different roles in OSCC progression. Furthermore, the gene expression pattern is dynamically altered across pseudotime, potentially taking part in the transformation from epithelial to mCAFs or iCAFs through the epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
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Alsahafi E, Begg K, Amelio I, Raulf N, Lucarelli P, Sauter T, Tavassoli M. Clinical update on head and neck cancer: molecular biology and ongoing challenges. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31308358 PMCID: PMC6629629 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are an aggressive, genetically complex and difficult to treat group of cancers. In lieu of truly effective targeted therapies, surgery and radiotherapy represent the primary treatment options for most patients. But these treatments are associated with significant morbidity and a reduction in quality of life. Resistance to both radiotherapy and the only available targeted therapy, and subsequent relapse are common. Research has therefore focussed on identifying biomarkers to stratify patients into clinically meaningful groups and to develop more effective targeted therapies. However, as we are now discovering, the poor response to therapy and aggressive nature of HNSCCs is not only affected by the complex alterations in intracellular signalling pathways but is also heavily influenced by the behaviour of the extracellular microenvironment. The HNSCC tumour landscape is an environment permissive of these tumours' aggressive nature, fostered by the actions of the immune system, the response to tumour hypoxia and the influence of the microbiome. Solving these challenges now rests on expanding our knowledge of these areas, in parallel with a greater understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC subtypes. This update aims to build on our earlier 2014 review by bringing up to date our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCCs and provide insights into areas of ongoing research and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alsahafi
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katheryn Begg
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Nina Raulf
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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6
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Mohajertehran F, Sahebkar A, Zare R, Mohtasham N. The promise of stem cell markers in the diagnosis and therapy of epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8499-8507. [PMID: 29797575 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer. Epithelial dysplasia is often initiated in the cells and cell nuclei adjacent to the epithelial cell membrane. Reduced cell-cell adhesions enable cancer cells to detach from the tumor and disseminate to other organs. The mutations in epithelial dysplasia markers such as E-cadherin and epithelial cell adhesion molecules (CD326) can lead to proliferation, growth and survival of the tumor cells and persistence of numerous malignancies that play a key role in epithelial dysplasia of OSCC. Accordingly, these genes can be considered prognostic markers or potential therapeutic targets for the tailored management of patients with OSCC. The gene expression profile of OSCC stem cells indicates a differential pattern that facilitates establishing a cell signature. Owing to the highly tumorigenic behavior of cancer stem cells and the role of these cells in tumor differentiation, treatment resistance, relapse, and metastasis, we reviewed the role of stem cell markers in epithelial dysplasia and OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Mohajertehran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Zare
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Mohtasham
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shang W, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Shanti R, Alawi F, Le A, Jiang C. Cellular Plasticity-Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Cancers. J Dent Res 2018; 97:654-664. [PMID: 29486673 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518756351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is one of the most frequent human malignancies worldwide, with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is cellularly and molecularly heterogeneous, with subsets of undifferentiated cancer cells exhibiting stem cell-like properties, called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, gene mutation, and epigenetic modification are associated with the formation of cellular plasticity of tumor cells in HNSCC, contributing to the acquisition of invasive, recurrent, and metastatic properties and therapeutic resistance. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a supportive role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of head and neck cancer. Stromal fibroblasts, vasculature, immune cells, cytokines, and hypoxia constitute the main components of TME in HNSCC, which contributes not only to the acquisition of CSC properties but also to the recurrence and therapeutic resistance of the malignancies. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the development of cellular plasticity, especially the emergence of CSCs, in HNSCC. We also highlight recent studies implicating the complex interplays among TME components, plastic CSCs, tumorigenesis, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance of HNSCC. Finally, we summarize the treatment modalities of HNSCC and reinforce the novel concept of therapeutic targeting CSCs in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shang
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China.,4 School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Q Zhang
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Huang
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China.,4 School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - R Shanti
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,5 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,6 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - F Alawi
- 7 Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Le
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,5 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Jiang
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China.,4 School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
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Mazzoccoli G, Castellana S, Carella M, Palumbo O, Tiberio C, Fusilli C, Capocefalo D, Biagini T, Mazza T, Lo Muzio L. A primary tumor gene expression signature identifies a crucial role played by tumor stroma myofibroblasts in lymph node involvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104913-104927. [PMID: 29285222 PMCID: PMC5739609 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral and pharyngeal cancer, and is responsible of approximately 3% of cancers in men and 2% in women in the Western World, with increasing incidence rates in developing countries. Early detection by screening is necessary to prevent fatal disease because early, curable lesions are rarely symptomatic. The overall 5-yr survival rate is approximately 50% when surgery, radiation, or both are employed as treatment options, but lymph node involvement greatly influences this estimate, by decreasing the survival rate by about 50%. Here, we aimed at finding genetic signatures associated with lymph node metastasis in OSCC patients. We addressed this issue by whole transcriptome analysis through microarray expression profiling of a set of OSSC specimens of patients without lymph node involvement (10 patients, mean age ± SD 61.2±13.8, male 7, female 3) and with lymph node involvement (11 patients, mean age ± SD 62.1±15.1, male 8, female 3). We evidenced a gene expression signature associated to muscle contraction-related genes in specimens obtained from OSCC patients with lymph node involvement. This gene signature suggests the presence of myofibroblasts in tumor stoma of patients with lymph node involvement and emphasizes the decisive role played by myofibroblasts probably through their secretome in determining OSCC invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Cristiana Tiberio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Caterina Fusilli
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Daniele Capocefalo
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Büttner R, Berndt A, Valkova C, Richter P, Korn A, Kosan C, Liebmann C. Myofibroblasts have an impact on expression, dimerization and signaling of different ErbB receptors in OSCC cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:25-37. [PMID: 27051967 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1155066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Receptors of the ErbB family belong to the key players in cancer development and are targets of several therapeutic approaches. Their functional dependency on the tumor microenvironment, especially on CAFs is albeit still poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the impact of CAF secretome on ErbB receptor expression and signaling behavior in OSCC. METHODS Stimulation of PE/CA-PJ15 OSCC cells with conditioned media of TGF-β1-activated fibroblasts was used as model system for CAF to cancer cell communication. Thereby costimulation with inhibitors against matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3-K), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) or knockdown of Her3 by siRNA was utilized for detailed investigation of the expression, dimerization and signaling pattern of ErbB in western blot and coimmunoprecipitation. RESULTS Our results show that soluble factors in activated fibroblast secretome stimulate metalloproteinase activity in the membrane of cancer cells. Thereby ligands are released that activate EGFR and subsequently upregulates EGFR expression via the STAT3 pathway. Simultaneously, the expression of PKCɛ was enhanced via a PI3-kinase/Akt-mediated pathway and a negative feedback regulation loop on EGFR downstream signaling generated. Furthermore, the activated fibroblasts secretome stimulated the highly oncogenic hetero-dimerization between HER3 and p95HER2. That protein association is inversely dependent on the expression level of HER3. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the activated fibroblasts secretome can induce a counterbalanced regulation of protein expression, downstream signaling and the dimerization patterns of different ErbB receptor subtypes in the cancer cell. Thus, the combinatorial targeting of CAFs and selective ErbB receptor subtype inhibitors may provide a useful approach in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Büttner
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.,b Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute , >Jena > , Germany
| | - Alexander Berndt
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany , and
| | - Christina Valkova
- b Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute , >Jena > , Germany
| | - Petra Richter
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany , and
| | - Alexander Korn
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.,d Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University Hospital , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Christian Kosan
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Claus Liebmann
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
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Sonis ST, Amaral Mendes R. Could the PI3K canonical pathway be a common link between chronic inflammatory conditions and oral carcinogenesis? J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 45:469-74. [PMID: 26991523 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The association between chronic inflammatory disorders and oral carcinogenesis has been both a source of interest and contention. Based upon its central importance in oral carcinogenesis, the finding that the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in oral lichen planus, chronic graft-versus-host disease, and chronic oral candidiasis suggests that it may provide a link between benign and malignant oral conditions. Here, we discuss a possible mechanistic rationale that addresses the activation of this important signaling pathway and its downstream events, while correlating it with the carcinogenic potential of chronic oral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Sonis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Biomodels LLC, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Amaral Mendes
- Adjunct Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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11
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Luksic I, Suton P, Manojlovic S, Virag M, Petrovecki M, Macan D. Significance of myofibroblast appearance in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity on the occurrence of occult regional metastases, distant metastases, and survival. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 44:1075-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Jimenez L, Jayakar SK, Ow TJ, Segall JE. Mechanisms of Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:1334-48. [PMID: 26046491 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0498-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The highly invasive properties demonstrated by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are often associated with locoregional recurrence and lymph node metastasis in patients and is a key factor leading to an expected 5-year survival rate of approximately 50% for patients with advanced disease. It is important to understand the features and mediators of HNSCC invasion so that new treatment approaches can be developed. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of the characteristics, mediators, and mechanisms of HNSCC invasion. DATA SOURCES A literature review of peer-reviewed articles in PubMed on HNSCC invasion. CONCLUSIONS Histologic features of HNSCC tumors can help predict prognosis and influence clinical treatment decisions. Cell surface receptors, signaling pathways, proteases, invadopodia function, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, microRNAs, and tumor microenvironment are all involved in the regulation of the invasive behavior of HNSCC cells. Identifying effective HNSCC invasion inhibitors has the potential to improve outcomes for patients by reducing the rate of spread and increasing responsiveness to chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeffrey E Segall
- From the Departments of Pathology (Mss Jimenez and Jayakar, and Drs Ow and Segall) and Anatomy and Structural Biology (Mss Jimenez and Jayakar, and Dr Segall), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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13
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Li L, Qi L, Liang Z, Song W, Liu Y, Wang Y, Sun B, Zhang B, Cao W. Transforming growth factor-β1 induces EMT by the transactivation of epidermal growth factor signaling through HA/CD44 in lung and breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:113-22. [PMID: 26005723 PMCID: PMC4494581 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process closely related to tumor development, is regulated by a variety of signaling pathways and growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Hyaluronan (HA) has been shown to induce EMT through either TGF-β1 or EGF signaling and to be a regulator of the crosstalk between these two pathways in fibroblasts. In this study, in order to clarify whether HA has the same effect in tumor cells, we utilized the lung cancer cell line, A549, and the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, and found that the effects of stimulation with TGF-β1 were more potent than those of EGF in regulating the expression of EMT-associated proteins and in enhancing cell migration and invasion. In addition, we observed that TGF-β1 activated EGF receptor (EGFR) and its downstream AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of hyaluronan synthases (HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3) and promoted the expression of CD44, a cell surface receptor for HA, which interacts with EGFR, resulting in the activation of the downstream AKT and ERK pathways. Conversely, treatment with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU; an inhibitor of HAS) prior to stimulation with TGF-β1, inhibited the expression of CD44 and EGFR, abolished the interaction between CD44 and EGFR. Furthermore, the use of shRNA targeting CD44 impaired the expression of EGFR, deactivated the AKT and ERK pathways, reversed EMT and decreased the migration and invasion ability of cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that TGF-β1 induces EMT by the transactivation of EGF signaling through HA/CD44 in lung and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Liang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Wangzhao Song
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yanxue Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Min A, Zhu C, Wang J, Peng S, Shuai C, Gao S, Tang Z, Su T. Focal Adhesion Kinase Knockdown in Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis via Downregulating MCP-1/CCL2 Expression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 29:70-6. [PMID: 25199511 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjie Min
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology; Central South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Stomatology; Central South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Dentistry; Hong Kong University; Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Peng
- Cancer Research Institute; Central South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing; Central South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Gao
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Department of Molecular Biology; University of Aarhus; Aarhus C DK-8000 Denmark
- School of Stomatology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- School of Stomatology; Central South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital; Central South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha 410008 People's Republic of China
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