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Intramammary rapamycin administration to calves induces epithelial stem cell self-renewal and latent cell proliferation and milk protein expression. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269505. [PMID: 35731738 PMCID: PMC9216576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary epithelial stem cells differentiate to create the basal and luminal layers of the gland. Inducing the number of differentiating bovine mammary stem cells may provide compensating populations for the milk-producing cells that die during lactation. Inhibition of mTOR activity by rapamycin signals self-renewal of intestinal stem cells, with similar consequences in the mouse mammary gland and in bovine mammary implants maintained in mice. The implementation of these results in farm animals for better mammary development and production was studied in 3-month-old calves. mTOR activity decreased by ~50% in mammary epithelial cells subjected to 3-week rapamycin administration, with no negative consequences on mammary morphology or β-casein expression. Subsequently, stem cell self-renewal was induced, reflected by a higher propagation rate of cultures from rapamycin-treated glands compared to respective controls and higher expression of selected markers. Followed by 4-day estrogen and progesterone administration, rapamycin significantly induced proliferation rate. Higher numbers of basal and luminal PCNA+ cells were detected in small ducts near the elongating sites as compared to large ducts, in which only luminal cells were affected. Rapamycin administration resulted in induction of individual milk protein genes’ expression, which was negatively correlated to their endogenous levels. The inductive effect of rapamycin on luminal cell number was confirmed in organoid cultures, but milk protein expression decreased, probably due to lack of oscillation in rapamycin levels. In conclusion, intramammary rapamycin administration is an effective methodology to reduce mTOR activity in bovine mammary epithelial cells and consequently, induce stem cell self-renewal. The latent positive effect of rapamycin on epithelial cell proliferation and its potential to improve milk protein expression in calves may have beneficial implications for mature cows.
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Li X, Zhang L, Li T, Li S, Wu W, Zhao L, Xie P, Yang J, Li P, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Yu Y, Zhao Z. Abplatin (IV) inhibited tumor growth on a patient derived cancer model of hepatocellular carcinoma and its comparative multi-omics study with cisplatin. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:258. [PMID: 35659243 PMCID: PMC9164404 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin, the alkylating agent of platinum(II) (Pt(II)), is the most common antitumor drug in clinic; however, it has many side effects, therefore it is higly desired to develop low toxicity platinum(IV) (Pt(IV)) drugs. Multi-omics analysis, as a powerful tool, has been frequently employed for the mechanism study of a certain therapy at the molecular level, which might be helpful for elucidating the mechanism of platinum drugs and facilitating their clinical application. Methods Strating form cisplatin, a hydrophobic Pt(IV) prodrug (CisPt(IV)) with two hydrophobic aliphatic chains was synthesized, and further encapsulated with a drug carrier, human serum albumin (HSA), to form nanoparticles, namely AbPlatin(IV). The anticancer effect of AbPlatin(IV) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, transcriptomics, metabolomics and lipidomics were performed to explore the mechanism of AbPlatin(IV). Results Compared with cisplatin, Abplatin(IV) exhibited better tumor-targeting effect and greater tumor inhibition rate. Lipidomics study showed that Abplatin(IV) might induce the changes of BEL-7404 cell membrane, and cause the disorder of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. In addition, transcriptomics and metabolomics study showed that Abplatin(IV) significantly disturbed the purine metabolism pathway. Conclusions This research highlighted the development of Abplatin(IV) and the use of multi-omics for the mechanism elucidation of prodrug, which is the key to the clinical translation of prodrug. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01465-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, 100190, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingpu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, 100190, China.,College of Life Science and Technology; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, 100190, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shumu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, 100190, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, 100190, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jinqi Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, 100190, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Zhou H, Tang D, Kang X, Yuan H, Yu Y, Xiong X, Wu N, Chen F, Wang X, Xiao H, Zhou D. Degradable Pseudo Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles with NIR-II Photothermal Effect and Cationic Quaternary Phosphonium Structural Bacteriostasis for Anti-Infection Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200732. [PMID: 35343113 PMCID: PMC9165483 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy based on conjugated polymers represents a promising antibacterial strategy but still possesses notable limitations. Herein, degradable pseudo conjugated polymers (PCPs) containing photothermal molecular backbones and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive thioketal bonds are designed. Triphenylphosphine (PPh3 ) is introduced into PCPs to generate phosphonium-based PCPs (pPCPs), which further assembled with hyaluronic acid into pPCP nanoparticles (pPCP-NPs). pPCP-NPs with quaternary phosphonium cations selectively anchor on and destroy bacterial cell membranes through electrostatic action. Under 1064 nm laser irradiation, pPCP-NPs (pPCP-NPs/+L) produce near-infrared-II (NIR-II) photothermal antibacterial effect, thereby killing bacteria in a sustained manner. pPCP-NPs are readily degraded upon ROS abundant at infection sites, therefore exhibiting enough biosafety. pPCP-NPs/+L display an almost 100% bacterial inhibition rate in vitro and resultin a nearly complete recovery of bacteria-induced mouse wounds. A further metabolomics analysis denotes that pPCP-NPs/+L work in a concerted way to induce bacterial DNA damage, inhibit bacterial carbon/nitrogen utilization and amino acid/nucleotide synthesis. Taken together, degradable pPCP-NPs with both NIR-II photothermal effect and cationic phosphonium structural bacteriostasis provide a new avenue for antibiotics-alternative anti-infection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Kang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityBeijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing100071P. R. China
| | - Nier Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityBeijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing100071P. R. China
| | - Fangzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityBeijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing100071P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and BiosecurityBeijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing100071P. R. China
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Newly characterized bovine mammary stromal region with epithelial properties supports representative epithelial outgrowth development from transplanted stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:39-61. [PMID: 34698917 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Limited outgrowth development of bovine mammary epithelial stem cells transplanted into de-epithelialized mouse fat pads restricts advanced studies on this productive organ's development and renewal. We challenged the mouse-bovine incompatibility by implanting parenchymal adjacent or distant bovine stromal layers (close and far stroma, respectively) into the mouse fat pad to serve as an endogenous niche for transplanted stem cells. The close stroma better supported stem cell take rate and outgrowth development. The diameter of these open duct-like structures represented and occasionally exceeded that of the endogenous ducts and appeared 8.3-fold wider than the capsule-like structures developed in the mouse fat pad after similar cell transplantation. RNA-Seq revealed lower complement activity in this layer, associated with secretion of specific laminins and WNT proteins favoring epithelial outgrowth development. The close stroma appeared genetically more similar to the parenchyma than to the far stroma due to epithelial characteristics, mainly of fibroblasts, including expression of epithelial markers, milk protein genes, and functional mammary claudins. Gene markers and activators of the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition were highly enriched in the epithelial gene cluster and may contribute to the acquired epithelial properties of this stromal layer.
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Kfir SH, Barash I. Calorie restriction and rapamycin administration induce stem cell self-renewal and consequent development and production in the mammary gland. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111477. [PMID: 31242443 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of the mammary epithelial stem cell pool holds promise for consequent mammary gland development and production. Complementary analyses of bovine mammary implants maintained in de-epithelialized mouse mammary fat pad and endogenous mouse mammary gland were performed to elucidate the effect of calorie restriction (CR) on stem cell self-renewal. CR elevated propagation rate and non-adherent mammosphere generation in cultured bovine mammary cells. A corresponding decrease in progenitor-induced colony formation and differentiation marker expression was noted. In the mouse gland, CR enhanced the take rate of transplanted cells and outgrowths' fat pad occupancy. Downregulating mTOR activity by rapamycin administration reproduced CR's effects on stem cell self-renewal within a shorter period. Flow cytometry demonstrated a significant 1.5-fold increase in stem cell number and a corresponding decrease in luminal progenitor and differentiated cells. Consequent effects of rapamycin administration included enhanced ductlet generation in bovine implants and higher milk-protein gene expression in cultured mouse mammary cells. The stimulatory effect of CR on BST-1 expression in both bovine implants and mouse glands resembled that noted in the intestinal Paneth stem cell niche (Yilmaz et al., 2012). A putative niche may also exist in the mammary gland, conveying energy-status information to the insulated stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhav Hanna Kfir
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel; The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itamar Barash
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel.
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Evaluation of xanthosine treatment on gene expression of mammary glands in early lactating goats. J DAIRY RES 2018; 85:288-294. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029918000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the hypothesis that xanthosine (XS) treatment would promote mammary-specific gene expression and stem cell transcripts and have a positive influence on milk yield of dairy goats. Seven primiparous Beetal goats were assigned to the study. Five days after kidding, one gland (either left or right) was infused with XS (TRT) twice daily for 3 d and the other gland with no XS infusion served as a control (CON). Mammary biopsies were collected at 10 d and RNA was isolated. Gene expression analysis of milk synthesis genes, mammary stem/progenitor cell markers, cell proliferation and differentiation markers were performed using real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results showed that the transcripts of milk synthesis genes (BLG4, CSN2, LALBA, FABP3, CD36) and mammary stem/progenitor cell markers (ALDH1 and NR5A2) were increased in as a result of XS treatment. Average milk yield in TRT glands was increased marginally (approximately ~2% P = 0·05, paired t-test) per gland relative to CON gland until 7 wk. After 7 wk, milk yield of TRT and CON glands did not differ. Analysis of milk composition revealed that protein, lactose, fat and solids-not-fat percentages remained the same in TRT and CON glands. These results suggest that XS increases expression of milk synthesis genes, mammary stem/progenitor cells and has a small effect on milk yield.
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Choudhary S, Li W, Bickhart D, Verma R, Sethi RS, Mukhopadhyay CS, Choudhary RK. Examination of the xanthosine response on gene expression of mammary epithelial cells using RNA-seq technology. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 60:18. [PMID: 30009039 PMCID: PMC6045846 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-018-0177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Xanthosine treatment has been previously reported to increase mammary stem cell population and milk production in cattle and goats. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the increase in stem cell population and milk production remain unclear. Methods Primiparous Beetal goats were assigned to the study. Five days post-partum, one mammary gland of each goat was infused with xanthosine (TRT) twice daily (2×) for 3 days consecutively, and the other gland served as a control (CON). Milk samples from the TRT and CON glands were collected on the 10th day after the last xanthosine infusion and the total RNA was isolated from milk fat globules (MEGs). Total RNA in MFGs was mainly derived from the milk epithelial cells (MECs) as evidenced by expression of milk synthesis genes. Significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) terms using PANTHER and gene networks were generated using STRING db. Results Preliminary analysis indicated that each individual goat responded to xanthosine treatment differently, with this trend being correlated with specific DEGs within the same animal’s mammary gland. Several pathways are impacted by these DEGs, including cell communication, cell proliferation and anti-microbials. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into transcriptomic changes in milk producing epithelial cells in response to xanthosine treatment. Further characterization of DEGs identified in this study is likely to delineate the molecular mechanisms of increased milk production and stem or progenitor cell population by the xanthosine treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40781-018-0177-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Choudhary
- 1School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 101004 India
| | - Wenli Li
- 2Cell Wall Biology and Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Derek Bickhart
- 2Cell Wall Biology and Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Ramneek Verma
- 1School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 101004 India
| | - R S Sethi
- 1School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 101004 India
| | - C S Mukhopadhyay
- 1School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 101004 India
| | - Ratan K Choudhary
- 1School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 101004 India
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