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Wang S, Ye W, Yang K, Lv X, Luan J. Prognostic Hypoxia-Angiogenesis-Related Gene Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, in Which HILPDA Contributes to Tumor Progression. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5663-5683. [PMID: 39219818 PMCID: PMC11365521 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s476388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of liver cancer. Hypoxia can be involved in HCC tumor growth, invasion and metastasis through inducing angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the assessment of the impact of hypoxia and angiogenesis on the prognosis of HCC remains inadequate. Methods According to hypoxia-angiogenesis-related genes (HARGs) expression information and clinical data from patients within the Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) cohort, we constructed a prognostic model (HARG-score) using bioinformatic tools. In addition to assessing the predictive ability of this prognostic model in both Liver Cancer-Riken-Japan (LIRI-JP) and GSE14520 cohorts, we analyzed the correlation between HARG-score and clinical characteristics, immune infiltration and immunotherapy efficacy. Moreover, we investigated the exact role and underlying mechanism of key HARGs through molecular experiments. Results We constructed a 5-gene prognostic model HARG-score consisting of hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HILPDA), erythropoietin (EPO), solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1), proteasome subunit alpha type 7 (PSMA7) and cAMP responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) through differentially expressed HARGs. The findings demonstrated that HARG-score was a good predictor of the prognosis of HCC patients from distinct cohorts and was correlated with clinical characteristics and immune infiltration. Furthermore, the HARG-score was identified as an independent prognostic factor. Lower HARG-score implied greater immunotherapy efficacy and better response. The expression and prognostic significance of these 5 genes were additionally validated in clinical data. In addition, experimental data revealed that the key gene HILPDA contributes to the progression of HCC through facilitating angiogenesis and affecting the expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4). Conclusion HARG-score has promising applications in prognosis prediction of HCC patients, in which HILPDA may be a latent prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, providing a foundation for further research and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wufei Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People’s Republic of China
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Jacquemin C, El Orch W, Diaz O, Lalande A, Aublin-Gex A, Jacolin F, Toesca J, Si-Tahar M, Mathieu C, Lotteau V, Perrin-Cocon L, Vidalain PO. Pharmacological induction of the hypoxia response pathway in Huh7 hepatoma cells limits proliferation but increases resilience under metabolic stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:320. [PMID: 39078527 PMCID: PMC11335246 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The hypoxia response pathway enables adaptation to oxygen deprivation. It is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), which promote metabolic reprogramming, erythropoiesis, angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. This led to the successful development of HIF-inducing drugs for treating anemia and some of these molecules are now in clinic. However, elevated levels of HIFs are frequently associated with tumor growth, poor prognosis, and drug resistance in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Consequently, there are concerns regarding the recommendation of HIF-inducing drugs in certain clinical situations. Here, we analyzed the effects of two HIF-inducing drugs, Molidustat and Roxadustat, in the well-characterized HCC cell line Huh7. These drugs increased HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein levels which both participate in inducing hypoxia response genes such as BNIP3, SERPINE1, LDHA or EPO. Combined transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics showed that Molidustat increased the expression of glycolytic enzymes, while the mitochondrial network was fragmented and cellular respiration decreased. This metabolic remodeling was associated with a reduced proliferation and a lower demand for pyrimidine supply, but an increased ability of cells to convert pyruvate to lactate. This was accompanied by a higher resistance to the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by antimycin A, a phenotype confirmed in Roxadustat-treated Huh7 cells and Molidustat-treated hepatoblastoma cells (Huh6 and HepG2). Overall, this study shows that HIF-inducing drugs increase the metabolic resilience of liver cancer cells to metabolic stressors, arguing for careful monitoring of patients treated with HIF-inducing drugs, especially when they are at risk of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Jacquemin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Walid El Orch
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Diaz
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Lalande
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team NeuroInvasion, Tropism and Viral Encephalitis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Aublin-Gex
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Florentine Jacolin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Johan Toesca
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Faculty of Medecine, Inserm, U1100, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team NeuroInvasion, Tropism and Viral Encephalitis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Lotteau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire P4 INSERM-Jean Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Perrin-Cocon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Viral Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France.
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Wang B, Gu B, Zhang T, Li X, Wang N, Ma C, Xiang L, Wang Y, Gao L, Yu Y, Song K, He P, Wang Y, Zhu J, Chen H. Good or bad: Paradox of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in digestive system tumors. Cancer Lett 2023; 559:216117. [PMID: 36889376 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The fibrinolytic system is involved in many physiological functions, among which the important members can interact with each other, either synergistically or antagonistically to participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) acts as a crucial element of the fibrinolytic system and functions in an anti-fibrinolytic manner in the normal coagulation process. It inhibits plasminogen activator, and affects the relationship between cells and extracellular matrix. PAI-1 not only involved in blood diseases, inflammation, obesity and metabolic syndrome but also in tumor pathology. Especially PAI-1 plays a different role in different digestive tumors as an oncogene or cancer suppressor, even a dual role for the same cancer. We term this phenomenon "PAI-1 paradox". PAI-1 is acknowledged to have both uPA-dependent and -independent effects, and its different actions can result in both beneficial and adverse consequences. Therefore, this review will elaborate on PAI-1 structure, the dual value of PAI-1 in different digestive system tumors, gene polymorphisms, the uPA-dependent and -independent mechanisms of regulatory networks, and the drugs targeted by PAI-1 to deepen the comprehensive understanding of PAI-1 in digestive system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bofang Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baohong Gu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Na Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kewei Song
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Puyi He
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yueyan Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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4
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Palakurti R, Biswas N, Roy S, Gnyawali SC, Sinha M, Singh K, Ghatak S, Sen CK, Khanna S. Inducible miR-1224 silences cerebrovascular Serpine1 and restores blood flow to the stroke-affected site of the brain. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:276-292. [PMID: 36726407 PMCID: PMC9868883 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The α-tocotrienol (TCT) form of natural vitamin E is more potent than the better known α-tocopherol against stroke. Angiographic studies of canine stroke have revealed beneficial cerebrovascular effects of TCT. This work seeks to understand the molecular basis of such effect. In mice, TCT supplementation improved perfusion at the stroke-affected site by inducing miR-1224. miRNA profiling of a laser-capture-microdissected stroke-affected brain site identified miR-1224 as the only vascular miR induced. Lentiviral knockdown of miR-1224 significantly blunted the otherwise beneficial effects of TCT on stroke outcomes. Studies on primary brain microvascular endothelial cells revealed direct angiogenic properties of miR-1224. In mice not treated with TCT, advance stereotaxic delivery of an miR-1224 mimic to the stroke site markedly improved stroke outcomes. Mechanistic studies identified Serpine1 as a target of miR-1224. Downregulation of Serpine1 augmented the angiogenic response of the miR-1224 mimic in the brain endothelial cells. The inhibition of Serpine1, by dietary TCT and pharmacologically, increased cerebrovascular blood flow at the stroke-affected site and protected against stroke. This work assigns Serpine1, otherwise known to be of critical significance in stroke, a cerebrovascular function that worsens stroke outcomes. miR-1224-dependent inhibition of Serpine1 can be achieved by dietary TCT as well as by the small-molecule inhibitor TM5441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichand Palakurti
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nirupam Biswas
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Surya C. Gnyawali
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mithun Sinha
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Subhadip Ghatak
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Corresponding author: Savita Khanna, PhD, Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Tumor Cell Infiltration into the Brain in Glioblastoma: From Mechanisms to Clinical Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020443. [PMID: 35053605 PMCID: PMC8773542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor, defined by its highly aggressive nature. Despite the advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques, and the development of novel therapies in the last decade, the prognosis for glioblastoma is still extremely poor. One major factor for the failure of existing therapeutic approaches is the highly invasive nature of glioblastomas. The extreme infiltrating capacity of tumor cells into the brain parenchyma makes complete surgical removal difficult; glioblastomas almost inevitably recur in a more therapy-resistant state, sometimes at distant sites in the brain. Therefore, there are major efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning glioblastoma invasion; however, there is no approved therapy directed against the invasive phenotype as of now. Here, we review the major molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma cell invasion, including the routes followed by glioblastoma cells, the interaction of tumor cells within the brain environment and the extracellular matrix components, and the roles of tumor cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling. We also include a perspective of high-throughput approaches utilized to discover novel players for invasion and clinical targeting of invasive glioblastoma cells.
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6
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Meng Y, Zhao H, Zhao Z, Yin Z, Chen Z, Du J. Sec62 promotes pro-angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxia. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:747-755. [PMID: 34120320 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the underlying molecular pathogenic mechanism of Sec62 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Microarray analysis was conducted to profile the global gene expression in the HCC cell line Huh7 cells transfected with Sec62high vs. NC and Sec62low vs. NC. Ingenuity pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were used to perform Sec62-related signaling pathway analysis from screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A protein-protein interaction network was constructed. Experimental validation of the expression of key DEGs was conducted. Hypoxia-induced tube formation was undertaken to investigate the role of Sec62 in angiogenesis. A total of 74 intersected DEGs were identified from Huh7 cells with Sec62high vs. NC and Sec62low vs. NC. Among them, 65 DEGs were correlated with the expression of Sec62. The P53 signaling pathway was found to be enriched in Huh7 cells with Sec62high vs. NC, while the acute phase response signaling pathway was enriched in Huh7 cells with Sec62low vs. NC. DEGs, such as serine protease inhibitor E (SERPINE) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11B (TNFRSF11B), were not only identified as the lead genes of these enriched pathways, but were also found to be closely related to Sec62. Moreover, knockdown of Sec62 decreased the expression of SERPINE1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1)) and TNFRSF11B, whereas overexpression of Sec62 had the opposite effects. In addition, knockdown of Sec62 inhibited hypoxia-induced tube formation via PAI-1. Sec62 promoted pro-angiogenesis of HCC under hypoxia by regulating PAI-1, and it may be a crucial angiogenic switch in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hetong Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifei Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Nohawica M, Errachid A, Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M. Adipose-PAS interactions in the context of its localised bio-engineering potential (Review). Biomed Rep 2021; 15:70. [PMID: 34276988 PMCID: PMC8278035 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are a known source of stem cells. They are easy to harvest, and are a suitable candidate for autogenous grafts. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) have multiple target tissues which they can differentiate into, including bone and cartilage. In adipose tissue, ADSCs are able to differentiate, as well as providing energy and a supply of cytokines/hormones to manage the hypoxic and lipid/hormone saturated adipose environment. The plasminogen activation system (PAS) controls the majority of proteolytic activities in both adipose and wound healing environments, allowing for rapid cellular migration and tissue remodelling. While the primary activation pathway for PAS occurs through the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), which is highly expressed by endothelial cells, its function is not limited to enabling revascularisation. Proteolytic activity is dependent on protease activation, localisation, recycling mechanisms and substrate availability. uPA and uPA activated plasminogen allows pluripotent cells to arrive to new local environments and fulfil the niche demands. However, overstimulation, the acquisition of a migratory phenotype and constant protein turnover can be unconducive to the formation of structured hard and soft tissues. To maintain a suitable healing pattern, the proteolytic activity stimulated by uPA is modulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Depending on the physiological settings, different parts of the remodelling mechanism are activated with varying results. Utilising the differences within each microenvironment to recreate a desired niche is a valid therapeutic bio-engineering approach. By controlling the rate of protein turnover combined with a receptive stem cell lineage, such as ADSC, a novel avenue on the therapeutic opportunities may be identified, which can overcome limitations, such as scarcity of stem cells, low angiogenic potential or poor host tissue adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Nohawica
- Chair and Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Poznan, Greater Poland 60-812, Poland
| | - Abdelmounaim Errachid
- Chair and Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Poznan, Greater Poland 60-812, Poland
- Earth and Life Institute, University Catholique of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Marzena Wyganowska-Swiatkowska
- Chair and Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Poznan, Greater Poland 60-812, Poland
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Patel SS, Sandur A, El-Kebir M, Gaba RC, Schook LB, Schachtschneider KM. Transcriptional Profiling of Porcine HCC Xenografts Provides Insights Into Tumor Cell Microenvironment Signaling. Front Genet 2021; 12:657330. [PMID: 33995488 PMCID: PMC8118521 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.657330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, representing the most common form of liver cancer. As HCC incidence and mortality continue to increase, there is a growing need for improved translational animal models to bridge the gap between basic HCC research and clinical practice to improve early detection and treatment strategies for this deadly disease. Recently the Oncopig cancer model-a novel transgenic swine model that recapitulates human cancer through Cre recombinase induced expression of KRAS G12D and TP53 R167H driver mutations-has been validated as a large animal translational model for human HCC. Due to the similar size, anatomy, physiology, immunology, genetics, and epigenetics between pigs and humans, the Oncopig has the potential to improve translation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities into clinical practice. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of tumor cells in shaping its surrounding microenvironment into one that is more proliferative, invasive, and metastatic; however, little is known about the impact of microenvironment signaling on HCC tumor biology and differential gene expression between HCC tumors and its tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, transcriptional profiling was performed on Oncopig HCC xenograft tumors (n = 3) produced via subcutaneous injection of Oncopig HCC cells into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. To differentiate between gene expression in the tumor and surrounding tumor microenvironment, RNA-seq reads originating from porcine (HCC tumor) and murine (microenvironment) cells were bioinformatically separated using Xenome. Principle component analysis (PCA) demonstrated clustering by group based on the expression of orthologous genes. Genes contributing to each principal component were extracted and subjected to functional analysis to identify alterations in pathway signaling between HCC cells and the microenvironment. Altered expression of genes associated with hepatic fibrosis deposition, immune response, and neo angiogenesis were observed. The results of this study provide insights into the interplay between HCC and microenvironment signaling in vivo, improving our understanding of the interplay between HCC tumor cells, the surrounding tumor microenvironment, and the impact on HCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovik S. Patel
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amitha Sandur
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Mohammed El-Kebir
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ron C. Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Ham IH, Lee D, Hur H. Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Induced Resistance to Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1172. [PMID: 33803229 PMCID: PMC7963167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in resistance to therapies for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers has emerged. Clinical studies focusing on GI cancers have revealed that the high expression of CAF-related molecules within tumors is significantly correlated with unfavorable therapeutic outcomes; however, the exact mechanisms whereby CAFs enhance resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in GI cancers remain unclear. The cells of origin of CAFs in GI cancers include normal resident fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, and even epithelial cells. CAFs accumulated within GI cancers produce cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors involved in resistance to therapies. CAF-derived exosomes can be engaged in stroma-related resistance to treatments, and several non-coding RNAs, such as miR-92a, miR-106b, CCAL, and H19, are present in CAF-derived exosomes and transferred to GI cancer cells. The CAF-induced desmoplastic reaction interferes with drug delivery to GI cancer cells, evoking resistance to chemotherapy. However, due to the heterogeneity of CAFs in GI cancers, identifying the exact mechanism underlying CAF-induced resistance may be difficult. Recent advancements in single-cell "omics" technologies could offer clues for revealing the specific subtypes and biomarkers related to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Ham
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (I.-H.H.); (D.L.)
- Infamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dagyeong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (I.-H.H.); (D.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hoon Hur
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (I.-H.H.); (D.L.)
- Infamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Norcantharidin combined with 2-deoxy-d-glucose suppresses the hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation and migration. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:142. [PMID: 33708465 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study aims to investigate the combined effect of anticancer drug, norcantharidin (NCTD) in combination with glycolytic inhibitor, i.e. 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) in liver cancer (HepG2 and Hepa 1-6) cells. Cell viability of NCTD and 2-DG exposed cells was determined by MTT assay, whereas, colony-forming efficiency and migration rate was determined by clonogenic assay and wound healing assay, respectively. Nuclear DAPI staining and Annexin V FITC-PI staining were used to study the apoptosis induction in cells. Fluorescence microscopy imaging was performed to detect the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential by staining with DCFDA and JC-1 dye, respectively. Cell viability assay revealed that NCTD and 2-DG exposure in combination displays more cytotoxic effect than a single drug. Additionally, cells lose their colony formation efficiency, as well as the reduced migration rate ability was also observed upon combined exposure. Increased nuclear condensation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization are considered as key features for apoptosis induction in cancerous cells. Furthermore, oxidative stress produced in cells due to enhanced intracellular ROS generation is also major probability for cellular damage. Thus, from the initial data it can be concluded that further preclinical studies will be needed to prove the efficacy of NCTD and 2-DG in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with a low survival rate. The identification of mechanisms underlying the development of HCC helps uncover cellular and molecular targets for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of HCC. Golgi protein 73 (GP73) level is upregulated in HCC patients and potentially can be a therapeutic target. Despite many studies devoted to GP73 as a marker for HCC early diagnosis, there is little discussion about the function of GP73 in HCC tumorigenesis. Given the poor response to currently available HCC therapies, a better understanding of the role of GP73 in HCC may provide a new therapeutic target for HCC. The current paper summarizes the role of GP73 as a diagnostic marker as well as its roles in liver carcinogenesis. Its roles in other types of cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
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12
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Jin Y, Liang ZY, Zhou WX, Zhou L. Expression, clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2020; 27:285-293. [PMID: 31640087 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thus far, biological roles of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. Moreover, its expression, clinicopathologic and prognostic significance in HCC have not been comprehensively investigated, therefore needing further evidence. METHODS PAI1 expression was measured, using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining, in matched HCC and adjacent liver samples from 178 patients with HCC after curative resection. The correlations of PAI1 H-scores with clinicopathologic variables and survival were further evaluated. Its prognostic value was finally confirmed in some public databases. RESULTS It was found that PAI1 expression was significantly higher in HCC than in adjacent liver tissues. Moreover, high PAI1 expression was more frequent in those with multiple lesions. Univariate analyses showed that PAI1 expression was negatively associated with both overall and relapse-free survival. Although PAI1 expression was not statistically significant in multivariate Cox regression test, combination of it with TNM stage effectively distinguished survival and relapse, and served as an independent prognostic factor. In the online available datasets of HCC and liver cancer used, SERPINE1, the gene encoding PAI1, was also revealed to be prognostic. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that high PAI1 expression was predictive for unfavorable biological behavior and long-term prognosis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Xun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Agioutantis PC, Kotsikoris V, Kolisis FN, Loutrari H. RNA-seq data analysis of stimulated hepatocellular carcinoma cells treated with epigallocatechin gallate and fisetin reveals target genes and action mechanisms. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:686-695. [PMID: 32257052 PMCID: PMC7113608 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an essentially incurable inflammation-related cancer. We have previously shown by network analysis of proteomic data that the flavonoids epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and fisetin (FIS) efficiently downregulated pro-tumor cytokines released by HCC through inhibition of Akt/mTOR/RPS6 phospho-signaling. However, their mode of action at the global transcriptome level remains unclear. Herein, we endeavor to compare gene expression alterations mediated by these compounds through a comprehensive transcriptome analysis based on RNA-seq in HEP3B, a responsive HCC cell line, upon perturbation with a mixture of prototypical stimuli mimicking conditions of tumor microenvironment or under constitutive state. Analysis of RNA-seq data revealed extended changes on HEP3B transcriptome imposed by test nutraceuticals. Under stimulated conditions, EGCG and FIS significantly modified, compared to the corresponding control, the expression of 922 and 973 genes, respectively, the large majority of which (695 genes), was affected by both compounds. Hierarchical clustering based on the expression data of shared genes demonstrated an almost identical profile in nutraceutical-treated stimulated cells which was virtually opposite in cells exposed to stimuli alone. Downstream enrichment analyses of the co-modified genes uncovered significant associations with cancer-related transcription factors as well as terms of Gene Ontology/Reactome Pathways and highlighted ECM dynamics as a nodal modulation point by nutraceuticals along with angiogenesis, inflammation, cell motility and growth. RNA-seq data for selected genes were independently confirmed by RT-qPCR. Overall, the present systems approach provides novel evidence stepping up the mechanistic understanding of test nutraceuticals, thus rationalizing their clinical exploitation in new preventive/therapeutic modalities against HCC.
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Key Words
- ADAM, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs
- ADAMTS9, ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 9
- CLIC3, Chloride Intracellular Channel 3
- CTGF, Connective Tissue Growth Factor
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- Epigallocatechin gallate
- FIS, fisetin
- Fisetin
- GO, Gene Ontology
- Gene Ontology
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HSPA2, Heat Shock Protein Family A (Hsp70) Member 2
- HSPB1, Heat Shock Protein Family B (Small) Member 1
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- MEM, minimum essential medium
- MMP11, Matrix Metallopeptidase 11
- MMP9, Matrix Metallopeptidase 9
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases
- PDGFRB, Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta
- RNA-sequencing
- RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative real time PCR
- Reactome Pathways
- SD, standard deviation
- SEM, standard error of mean
- SERPINE1, Serpin Family E Member 1
- STIM, stimulated
- TF, transcription factor
- Transcription factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis C Agioutantis
- G.P. Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3 Ploutarchou Str., Athens 10675, Greece.,Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Vasilios Kotsikoris
- G.P. Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3 Ploutarchou Str., Athens 10675, Greece
| | - Fragiskos N Kolisis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Heleni Loutrari
- G.P. Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3 Ploutarchou Str., Athens 10675, Greece
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Intrabody against prolyl hydroxylase 2 promotes angiogenesis by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11861. [PMID: 31413262 PMCID: PMC6694103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a crucial transcription factor that regulates the expression of target genes involved in angiogenesis. Prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) dominantly hydroxylates two highly conserved proline residues of HIF-1α to promote its degradation. This study was designed to construct an intrabody against PHD2 that can inhibit PHD2 activity and promote angiogenesis. Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against PHD2, INP, was isolated by phage display technique and was modified with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sequence to obtain ER-retained intrabody against PHD2 (ER-INP). ER-INP was efficiently expressed and bound to PHD2 in cells, significantly increased the levels of HIF-1α, and decreased hydroxylated HIF-1α in human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293) cells and mouse mononuclear macrophage leukaemia cell line (RAW264.7) cells. ER-INP has shown distinct angiogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo, as ER-INP expression significantly promoted the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and enhanced angiogenesis of chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). Furthermore, ER-INP promoted distinct expression and secretion of a range of angiogenic factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an ER-INP intrabody enhancing angiogenesis by blocking PHD2 activity to increase HIF-1α abundance and activity. These results indicate that ER-INP may play a role in the clinical treatment of tissue injury and ischemic diseases in the future.
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Liu WJ, Zhou L, Liang ZY, Zhou WX, You L, Zhang TP, Zhao YP. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 as a Poor Prognostic Indicator in Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 131:2947-2952. [PMID: 30539907 PMCID: PMC6302640 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.247211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was previously established to impact several phenotypes in many kinds of cancer, including pancreatic cancer. However, its prognostic significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) needs support of further evidence. This study was designed to address the issue. Methods PAI-1 expression was detected by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 93 PDAC patients with surgical resection from September 2004 to December 2008. Its relationships with clinicopathologic variables and tumor-specific survival (TSS) were further evaluated using Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, as well as Cox regression analyses. Results Expression of PAI-1 was much higher in tumor than that in nontumor tissues, based on comparison of all samples and 74 matched ones (95 [47.5, 180] vs. 80 [45, 95], Z = -2.439, P = 0.015 and 100 [46.9, 182.5] vs. 80 [45, 95], Z = -2.594, P = 0.009, respectively). In addition, tumoral PAI-1 expression was positively associated with N stage (22/35 for N1 vs. 21/51 for N0, χ2 = 3.903, P = 0.048). Univariate analyses showed that TSS of patients with high PAI-1 tumors was significantly poorer than that of those with low PAI-1 tumors (log rank value = 19.00, P < 0.0001). In multivariate Cox regression test, PAI-1 expression was identified as an independent predictor for long-term prognosis of resectable PDAC (hazard ratio = 2.559, 95% confidence interval = 1.499-4.367, P = 0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that expression of PAI-1 is upregulated in PDAC and might serve as a poor prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei-Xun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tai-Ping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu-Pei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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16
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Befani C, Liakos P. The role of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2 alpha in angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9087-9098. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Befani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly Larissa Greece
| | - Panagiotis Liakos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly Larissa Greece
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17
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cancer research. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:83-94. [PMID: 29852393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[Despite as a major inhibitor of urokinase (uPA), paradoxically,] Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been validated to be highly expressed in various types of tumor biopsy tissues or plasma compared with controls based on huge clinical data bases analysis, more importantly, PAI-1 alone or in conjunction with uPA have been identified as prognostic for disease progression and relapse in certain cancer types. particularly in breast cancer. In addition to play important roles in cell adhesion, migration and invasion, PAI-1 has been reported to induce tumor vascularization and thus promote cell dissemination and tumor metastasis. Furthermore, there are many tumor promoting factors involved in the modulation of PAI-1 expression and activity, which will strengthen the pro-tumorigenic roles of PAI-1. Undoubtedly, PAI-1 may be a promising target for therapeutic intervention of specific cancer treatment. In fact, some PAI-1 inhibitors are currently being evaluated in cancer therapy, which may be developed to new antitumor agents in the future.
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18
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Raykhel I, Moafi F, Myllymäki SM, Greciano PG, Matlin KS, Moyano JV, Manninen A, Myllyharju J. BAMBI is a novel HIF1-dependent modulator of TGFβ-mediated disruption of cell polarity during hypoxia. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.210906. [PMID: 29685894 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and loss of cell polarity are common features of malignant carcinomas. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is the major regulator of cellular hypoxia response and mediates the activation of ∼300 genes. Increased HIF1 signaling is known to be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Here, we report that hypoxia disrupts polarized epithelial morphogenesis of MDCK cells in a HIF1α-dependent manner by modulating the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway. Analysis of potential HIF1 targets in the TGFβ pathway identified the bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI), a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the type I receptors of the TGFβ family, whose expression was essentially lost in HIF1-depleted cells. Similar to what was observed in HIF1-deficient cells, BAMBI-depleted cells failed to efficiently activate TGFβ signaling and retained epithelial polarity during hypoxia. Taken together, we show that hypoxic conditions promote TGFβ signaling in a HIF1-dependent manner and BAMBI is identified in this pathway as a novel HIF1-regulated gene that contributes to hypoxia-induced loss of epithelial polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Raykhel
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Fazeh Moafi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Satu M Myllymäki
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Patricia G Greciano
- Department of Surgery (Section of Research), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA
| | - Karl S Matlin
- Department of Surgery (Section of Research), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA
| | - Jose V Moyano
- Department of Surgery (Section of Research), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA
| | - Aki Manninen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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Chen C, Lou T. Hypoxia inducible factors in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46691-46703. [PMID: 28493839 PMCID: PMC5542303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers with limited therapeutic options. Pathogenesis of this disease involves tumor hypoxia and the activation of hypoxia inducible factors. In this review, we describe the current understanding of hypoxia signaling pathway and summarize the expression, function and target genes of hypoxia inducible factors in hepatocellular carcinoma. We also highlight the recent progress in hypoxia-targeted therapeutic strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss further the future efforts for the study of hypoxia and/or hypoxia inducible factors in this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Lou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
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Yang C, Hou A, Yu C, Dai L, Wang W, Zhang K, Shao H, Ma J, Xu W. Kanglaite reverses multidrug resistance of HCC by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via PI3K/AKT pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:983-996. [PMID: 29520149 PMCID: PMC5833758 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s153814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) frequently contributes to the failure of chemotherapeutic treatments in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Revealing the molecular mechanism of MDR is indispensable for the development of effective chemotherapeutic drugs. PURPOSE Due to the low-toxicity modulators to inhibit MDR, we considered that Kanglaite (KLT) is a potential agent for reversing MDR in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS BEL-7402/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and HepG2/adriamycin (ADM) were analyzed for cell viability, colony formation assay, cell scratch assay, and cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay by flow cytometry. The expression of PARP, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, CDC25C, Cyclin B1 and phosphorylation of PTEN, PI3K, and AKT in HepG2/ADM cells were detected by western blotting. RESULTS The proliferation of drug-resistant cell lines BEL-7402/5-FU and HepG2/ADM pretreated with KLT was significantly inhibited when compared with drug alone. KLT could increase the accumulation of ADM in HepG2/ADM cells. In this study, we found that KLT treatment notably reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human HepG2/ADM and BEL-7402/5-FU cells, and effectively reversed the MDR by p-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition. Moreover, KLT decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and PI3K in KLT-treated HepG2/ADM cells. These data together implied that KLT might reverse drug resistance in HCC by blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that KLT reversed MDR of human HCC by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aihua Hou
- Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunfeng Yu
- Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Wen Wang
- Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | | | - Jinghua Ma
- Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Yang SL, Zeng C, Fang X, He QJ, Liu LP, Bao SY, Pan X, Xiong ZF. Hepatitis B virus upregulates GP73 expression by activating the HIF-2α signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5264-5270. [PMID: 29552166 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi Protein 73 (GP73) is a newly identified diagnostic and prognostic marker for liver cancer. GP73 is highly expressed in liver cancer tissues, however, the mechanism of its overexpression in tumors remains unknown. In the present study, the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on GP73 expression was investigated in HepG2 cells, which are negative for HBV, and in HepG2.2.12 cells, which are integrated with HBV, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. In addition, the cells were transfected with plasmid constructs overexpressing hepatitis B virus protein X (HBx), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, or HIF-2α in order to examine their roles in GP73 expression. The results demonstrated that HBV upregulated the expression of GP73 and HIF-2α in liver cancer cells. HIF-2α induced the expression of GP73 in HepG2 cells and was positively correlated with GP73 expression in liver cancer tissues. By contrast, HBx and HIF-1α did not induce GP73 expression in liver cancer cells. In summary, HBV may upregulate the expression of GP73 by activating the HIF-2α signaling pathway. The present results may illuminate the mechanism by which GP73 is overexpressed in liver cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zeng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, P.R. China
| | - Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Qian-Jin He
- Department of General Surgery, The Center Hospital of Huanggang, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yun Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Fan Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, P.R. China
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22
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Chan OTM, Furuya H, Pagano I, Shimizu Y, Hokutan K, Dyrskjøt L, Jensen JB, Malmstrom PU, Segersten U, Janku F, Rosser CJ. Association of MMP-2, RB and PAI-1 with decreased recurrence-free survival and overall survival in bladder cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99707-99721. [PMID: 29245935 PMCID: PMC5725126 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported an accurate urine-based bladder cancer (BCa)-associated diagnostic signature that can be used to non-invasively detect BCa. In this study, we investigated whether a component of this signature could risk stratify patients with BCa. Methods Utilizing immunohistochemistry, we investigated angiogenin, MMP-2, p53, RB and PAI-1 expression from 939 patients with BCa. The expression levels were scored by assigning a proportion score and an intensity score to yield a total staining score for each protein. The expressions of each protein individually and as an aggregate were then correlated with progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Results Differential expressions of these markers were noted in BCa. With multivariate analysis in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) age, tumor grade portended a worse PFS, while age, tumor grade, nodal status, MMP2, RB and PAI-1 expression portended a worse OS. As for multivariate analysis in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), age MMP-2 and RB were associated with a worse PFS, while age, nodal status, MMP-2, RB and PAI-1 were associated with a worse OS. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, we noted a significant reduction in OS as more of the five biomarkers were expressed in a tumor. Thus, overall, high expressions of MMP-2, RB and/or PAI-1 in bladder tumors were markers of poor prognosis. Conclusion Individually, MMP-2, RB and PAI-1, as well as in aggregate correlated with poor survival in patients with BCa. Thus, patients whose bladder tumors express these biomarkers may benefit from early radical treatment and/or neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T M Chan
- Clinical and Translational Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Clinical and Translational Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ian Pagano
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yoshiko Shimizu
- Clinical and Translational Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kanani Hokutan
- Clinical and Translational Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Per-Uno Malmstrom
- Departments of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Segersten
- Departments of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Clinical and Translational Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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23
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Wang D, Yang C, Wang Z, Yang Y, Li D, Ding X, Xu W, Zheng Q. Norcantharidin combined with Coix seed oil synergistically induces apoptosis and inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by downregulating regulatory T cells accumulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9373. [PMID: 28839202 PMCID: PMC5571147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in exerts effects in the growth and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which needs interacting approaches for effective therapy. In this study, we have found that the Norcantharidin (NCTD) + Coix lacryma-jobi seed oil (CLSO) combination exhibited more potent antitumor effects in an terms of cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction in human HepG2 and HepG2/ADM cells than NCTD or CLSO alone. In vivo, administration of NCTD+CLSO combinations significantly suppressed the formation of tumor in Hepal-1 hepatoma-bearing mice. Furthermore, we found that the in vitro co-cultures of HepG2 or HepG2/ADM cells with PBMCs from healthy donors led to an increase in the number of CD4 + CD25 + T cells. This increase was down-regulated by the combination effectively. Down-regulation of FoxP3 mRNA and protein expression occurred during the combination in the co-cultures. The amount of Tregs of Hepal-1 hepatoma-bearing mice was significantly decreased in the combination treated group. The combination down-regulated the expression of FoxP3, CTLA-4 and Tregs related cytokine (TGF-β and IL-10) in the serum of tumor bearing mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the most valuable aspect of the NCTD+CLSO combined use improves the anti-tumor activity and regulates tumor infiltrating Tregs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Coix/chemistry
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Plant Oils/pharmacology
- Seeds/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Chendong Yang
- Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Zhuien Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Defang Li
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiaojie Ding
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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24
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Weichand B, Popp R, Dziumbla S, Mora J, Strack E, Elwakeel E, Frank AC, Scholich K, Pierre S, Syed SN, Olesch C, Ringleb J, Ören B, Döring C, Savai R, Jung M, von Knethen A, Levkau B, Fleming I, Weigert A, Brüne B. S1PR1 on tumor-associated macrophages promotes lymphangiogenesis and metastasis via NLRP3/IL-1β. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2695-2713. [PMID: 28739604 PMCID: PMC5584110 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer death. Weichand et al. describe a new mechanism explaining how tumor-associated macrophages contribute to metastatic spread, which involves promoting tumor lymphangiogenesis via S1P receptor 1 and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer death. The inflammatory tumor microenvironment contributes to metastasis, for instance, by recruiting blood and lymph vessels. Among tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) take a center stage in promoting both tumor angiogenesis and metastatic spread. We found that genetic deletion of the S1P receptor 1 (S1pr1) alone in CD11bhi CD206+ TAMs infiltrating mouse breast tumors prevents pulmonary metastasis and tumor lymphangiogenesis. Reduced lymphangiogenesis was also observed in the nonrelated methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma model. Transcriptome analysis of isolated TAMs from both entities revealed reduced expression of the inflammasome component Nlrp3 in S1PR1-deficient TAMs. Macrophage-dependent lymphangiogenesis in vitro was triggered upon inflammasome activation and required both S1PR1 signaling and IL-1β production. Finally, NLRP3 expression in tumor-infiltrating macrophages correlated with survival, lymph node invasion, and metastasis of mammary carcinoma patients. Conceptually, our study indicates an unappreciated role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in promoting metastasis via the lymphatics downstream of S1PR1 signaling in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weichand
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- Institute of Vascular Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Dziumbla
- Institute of Vascular Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Javier Mora
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Strack
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eiman Elwakeel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Frank
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology/Center for Drug Research, Development and Safety (ZAFES), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology/Center for Drug Research, Development and Safety (ZAFES), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shahzad N Syed
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Catherine Olesch
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Ringleb
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bilge Ören
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas von Knethen
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute of Vascular Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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25
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Wang X, Dong J, Jia L, Zhao T, Lang M, Li Z, Lan C, Li X, Hao J, Wang H, Qin T, Huang C, Yang S, Yu M, Ren H. HIF-2-dependent expression of stem cell factor promotes metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 393:113-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Xiong XX, Qiu XY, Hu DX, Chen XQ. Advances in Hypoxia-Mediated Mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:246-255. [PMID: 28242743 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common and the third most deadly malignant tumor worldwide. Hypoxia and related oxidative stress are heavily involved in the process of HCC development and its therapies. However, direct and accurate measurement of oxygen concentration and evaluation of hypoxic effects in HCC prove difficult. Moreover, the hypoxia-mediated mechanisms in HCC remain elusive. Here, we summarize recent major evidence of hypoxia in HCC lesions shown by measuring partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), the clinical importance of hypoxic markers in HCC, and recent advances in hypoxia-related mechanisms and therapies in HCC. For the mechanisms, we focus mainly on the roles of oxygen-sensing proteins (i.e., hypoxia-inducible factor and neuroglobin) and hypoxia-induced signaling proteins (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, high mobility group box 1, Beclin 1, glucose metabolism enzymes, and vascular endothelial growth factor). With respect to therapies, we discuss mainly YQ23, sorafenib, 2-methoxyestradiol, and celastrol. This review focuses primarily on the results of clinical and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xin Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Yao Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dian Xing Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Qian Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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27
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Lv X, Li J, Zhang C, Hu T, Li S, He S, Yan H, Tan Y, Lei M, Wen M, Zuo J. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in tumor angiogenesis and cell metabolism. Genes Dis 2016; 4:19-24. [PMID: 30258904 PMCID: PMC6136595 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a main heterodimeric transcription factor that regulates the cellular adaptive response to hypoxia by stimulating the transcription of a series of hypoxia-inducible genes. HIF is frequently upregulated in solid tumors, and the overexpression of HIF can promote tumor progression or aggressiveness by blood vessel architecture and altering cellular metabolism. In this review, we focused on the pivotal role of HIF in tumor angiogenesis and energy metabolism. Furthermore, we also emphasized the possibility of HIF pathway as a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Lv
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Chuhong Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Tian Hu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sai Li
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sha He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hanxing Yan
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yixi Tan
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mingsheng Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangjiajie City Hospital, Zhangjiajie, Hunan 427000, China
| | - Meiling Wen
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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28
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HIF-1α and HIF-2α induced angiogenesis in gastrointestinal vascular malformation and reversed by thalidomide. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27280. [PMID: 27249651 PMCID: PMC4888746 DOI: 10.1038/srep27280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide is used in clinical practice to treat gastrointestinal vascular malformation (GIVM), but the pathogenesis of GIVM is not clear. Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and 2 alpha (HIF-2α/EPAS1) are in the same family and act as master regulators of the adaptive response to hypoxia. HIF-1α and HIF-2α are up-regulated in vascular malformations in intestinal tissues from GIVM patients, but not in adjacent normal vessels. Therefore, we investigated the role of HIF-1α and HIF-2α during angiogenesis and the mechanism of thalidomide action. In vitro experiments confirmed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was a direct target of HIF-2α and that HIF-1α and HIF-2α regulated NOTCH1, Ang2, and DLL4, which enhanced vessel-forming of endothelial cells. Thalidomide down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α and inhibited angiogenesis. In vivo zebrafish experiments suggested that HIF-2α overexpression was associated with abnormal subintestinal vascular (SIV) sprouting, which was reversed by thalidomide. This result indicated that thalidomide regulated angiogenesis via the inhibition of HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression, which further regulated downstream factors, including VEGF, NOTCH1, DLL4, and Ang2. The abnormally high expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α may contribute to GIVM.
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29
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Nakazawa MS, Eisinger-Mathason TSK, Sadri N, Ochocki JD, Gade TPF, Amin RK, Simon MC. Epigenetic re-expression of HIF-2α suppresses soft tissue sarcoma growth. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10539. [PMID: 26837714 PMCID: PMC4742834 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In soft tissue sarcomas (STS), low intratumoural O2 (hypoxia) is a poor prognostic indicator. HIF-1α mediates key transcriptional responses to hypoxia, and promotes STS metastasis; however, the role of the related HIF-2α protein is unknown. Surprisingly, here we show that HIF-2α inhibits high-grade STS cell growth in vivo, as loss of HIF-2α promotes sarcoma proliferation and increases calcium and mTORC1 signalling in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. We find that most human STS have lower levels of EPAS1 (the gene encoding HIF-2α) expression relative to normal tissue. Many cancers, including STS, contain altered epigenetics, and our findings define an epigenetic mechanism whereby EPAS1 is silenced during sarcoma progression. The clinically approved HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat specifically increases HIF-2α, but not HIF-1α, accumulation in multiple STS subtypes. Vorinostat inhibits STS tumour growth, an effect ameliorated by HIF-2α deletion, implicating HIF-2α as a biomarker for Vorinostat efficacy in STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nakazawa
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III Room 456, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T S Karin Eisinger-Mathason
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III Room 456, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Navid Sadri
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III Room 456, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D Ochocki
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III Room 456, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Terence P F Gade
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ruchi K Amin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III Room 456, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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30
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Evans EB, Lin SY. New insights into tumor dormancy: Targeting DNA repair pathways. World J Clin Oncol 2015; 6:80-88. [PMID: 26468441 PMCID: PMC4600194 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v6.i5.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, major strides have advanced the techniques for early detection and treatment of cancer. However, metastatic tumor growth still accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In fact, breast cancers are notorious for relapsing years or decades after the initial clinical treatment, and this relapse can vary according to the type of breast cancer. In estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers, late tumor relapses frequently occur whereas relapses in estrogen receptor-negative cancers or triple negative tumors arise early resulting in a higher mortality risk. One of the main causes of metastasis is tumor dormancy in which cancer cells remain concealed, asymptomatic, and untraceable over a prolonged period of time. Under certain conditions, dormant cells can re-enter into the cell cycle and resume proliferation leading to recurrence. However, the molecular and cellular regulators underlying this transition remain poorly understood. To date, three mechanisms have been identified to trigger tumor dormancy including cellular, angiogenic, and immunologic dormancies. In addition, recent studies have suggested that DNA repair mechanisms may contribute to the survival of dormant cancer cells. In this article, we summarize the recent experimental and clinical evidence governing cancer dormancy. In addition, we will discuss the role of DNA repair mechanisms in promoting the survival of dormant cells. This information provides mechanistic insight to explain why recurrence occurs, and strategies that may enhance therapeutic approaches to prevent disease recurrence.
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31
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Zhong J, Xiu P, Dong X, Wang F, Wei H, Wang X, Xu Z, Liu F, Li T, Wang Y, Li J. Meloxicam combined with sorafenib synergistically inhibits tumor growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ER stress-related apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2142-50. [PMID: 26252057 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib (SOR) is a promising treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise mechanisms of toxicity and drug resistance have not been fully explored and new strategies are urgently needed for HCC therapy. Meloxicam (MEL) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor which elicits antitumor effects in human HCC cells. In the present study, we investigated the interaction between MEL and SOR in human SMMC‑7721 cells and the role endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress exerts in the combination of SOR with MEL treatment-induced cytotoxicity. Our results revealed that the combination treatment synergistically inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, the combination treatment enhanced ER stress-related molecules which involved in SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis. GRP78 knockdown by siRNA or co-treatment with MG132 significantly increased this combination treatment-induced apoptosis. In addition, we found that the combination treatment suppressed tumor growth by way of activation of ER stress in in vivo models. We concluded that the combination of SOR with MEL treatment-induced ER stress, and eventually apoptosis in human SMMC-7721 cells. Knockdown of GRP78 using siRNA or proteosome inhibitor enhanced the cytotoxicity of the combination of SOR with MEL-treatment in SMMC-7721 cells. These findings provided a new potential treatment strategy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Fuhai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Honglong Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zongzhen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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32
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Geis T, Popp R, Hu J, Fleming I, Henke N, Dehne N, Brüne B. HIF-2α attenuates lymphangiogenesis by up-regulating IGFBP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biol Cell 2015; 107:175-88. [PMID: 25757011 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Tumour-associated lymphangiogenesis was identified as an important clinical determinant for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and significantly influences patient survival. However, in this context, little is known about regulation of lymphangiogenesis by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). In HCC, mainly HIF-1α was positively correlated with lymphatic invasion and metastasis, whereas a defined role of HIF-2α is missing. RESULTS We created a stable knockdown (k/d) of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in HepG2 cells and generated co-cultures of HepG2 spheroids with embryonic bodies. This constitutes an in vitro tumour model mimicking the cancer microenvironment and allows addressing the role of distinct HIF isoforms in regulating HCC lymphangiogenesis. In co-cultures with a HIF-2α k/d, lymphangiogenesis was significantly increased, whereas the k/d of HIF-1α showed no effect. The HIF-2α-dependent lymphangiogenic phenotype was confirmed in vivo using matrigel plug assays with supernatants of HIF-2α k/d HepG2 cells. We identified and verified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) as a HIF-2α target gene. The potential of HepG2 cells to induce lymphangiogenesis in two independent functional assays was significantly enhanced either by a k/d of HIF-2α or by silencing IGFBP1. Moreover, we confirmed IGF as a potent pro-lymphatic growth factor with IGFBP1 being its negative modulator. CONCLUSIONS We propose that HIF-2α acts as an important negative regulator of hepatic lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by inducing IGFBP1 and thus, interfering with IGF signalling. Therefore, HIF-2α may constitute a critical target in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Geis
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Nina Henke
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany
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