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Arakawa J, Kondoh H, Matsushita T, Ogino Y, Asai M, Tanuma SI, Uchiumi F. Induction of the human CDC45 gene promoter activity by natural compound trans‑resveratrol. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:92. [PMID: 38577929 PMCID: PMC11025027 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
GGAA motifs in the human TP53 and HELB gene promoters play a part in responding to trans‑resveratrol (Rsv) in HeLa S3 cells. This sequence is also present in the 5'‑upstream region of the human CDC45 gene, which encodes a component of CMG DNA helicase protein complex. The cells were treated with Rsv (20 µM), then transcripts and the translated protein were analyzed by quantitative RT‑PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that the CDC45 gene and protein expression levels were induced after the treatment. To examine whether they were due to the activation of transcription, a 5'‑upstream 556‑bp of the CDC45 gene was cloned and inserted into a multi‑cloning site of the Luciferase (Luc) expression vector. In the present study, various deletion/point mutation‑introduced Luc expression plasmids were constructed and they were used for the transient transfection assay. The results showed that the GGAA motif, which is included in a putative RELB protein recognizing sequence, plays a part in the promoter activity with response to Rsv in HeLa S3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Arakawa
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kondoh
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Matsushita
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogino
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Asai
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Laboratory of Kampo Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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2
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Osei B, May BH, Stiefel CM, West KL, Zafar MK, Thompson MD, Bergstrom E, Leung JW, Enemark EJ, Byrd AK. Rare SNP in the HELB gene interferes with RPA interaction and cellular function of HELB. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582415. [PMID: 38464108 PMCID: PMC10925333 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
HELB is a human helicase involved in initiation of DNA replication, the replication stress response, and regulation of double-strand DNA break repair. rs75770066 is a rare SNP in the HELB gene that affects age at natural menopause. rs75770066 results in a D506G substitution in an acidic patch within the 1A domain of the helicase that is known to interact with RPA. We found that this amino acid change dramatically impairs the cellular function of HELB. D506G-HELB exhibits impaired interaction with RPA, which likely results in the effects of rs75770066 as this reduces recruitment of HELB to sites of DNA damage. Reduced recruitment of D506G-HELB to double-strand DNA breaks and the concomitant increase in homologous recombination likely alters the levels of meiotic recombination, which affects the viability of gametes. Because menopause occurs when oocyte levels drop below a minimum threshold, altered repair of meiotic double-stranded DNA breaks has the potential to directly affect the age at natural menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha Osei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Benjamin H. May
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Clara M. Stiefel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Kirk L. West
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Maroof Khan Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Matthew D. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Erik Bergstrom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, 72205, USA
| | - Justin W. Leung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Eric J. Enemark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Alicia K. Byrd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
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3
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Kohzaki M. Mammalian Resilience Revealed by a Comparison of Human Diseases and Mouse Models Associated With DNA Helicase Deficiencies. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:934042. [PMID: 36032672 PMCID: PMC9403131 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.934042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining genomic integrity is critical for sustaining individual animals and passing on the genome to subsequent generations. Several enzymes, such as DNA helicases and DNA polymerases, are involved in maintaining genomic integrity by unwinding and synthesizing the genome, respectively. Indeed, several human diseases that arise caused by deficiencies in these enzymes have long been known. In this review, the author presents the DNA helicases associated with human diseases discovered to date using recent analyses, including exome sequences. Since several mouse models that reflect these human diseases have been developed and reported, this study also summarizes the current knowledge regarding the outcomes of DNA helicase deficiencies in humans and mice and discusses possible mechanisms by which DNA helicases maintain genomic integrity in mammals. It also highlights specific diseases that demonstrate mammalian resilience, in which, despite the presence of genomic instability, patients and mouse models have lifespans comparable to those of the general population if they do not develop cancers; finally, this study discusses future directions for therapeutic applications in humans that can be explored using these mouse models.
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4
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Hormeno S, Wilkinson OJ, Aicart-Ramos C, Kuppa S, Antony E, Dillingham MS, Moreno-Herrero F. Human HELB is a processive motor protein that catalyzes RPA clearance from single-stranded DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112376119. [PMID: 35385349 PMCID: PMC9169624 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112376119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human DNA helicase B (HELB) is a poorly characterized helicase suggested to play both positive and negative regulatory roles in DNA replication and recombination. In this work, we used bulk and single-molecule approaches to characterize the biochemical activities of HELB protein with a particular focus on its interactions with Replication Protein A (RPA) and RPA–single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) filaments. HELB is a monomeric protein that binds tightly to ssDNA with a site size of ∼20 nucleotides. It couples ATP hydrolysis to translocation along ssDNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction accompanied by the formation of DNA loops. HELB also displays classical helicase activity, but this is very weak in the absence of an assisting force. HELB binds specifically to human RPA, which enhances its ATPase and ssDNA translocase activities but inhibits DNA unwinding. Direct observation of HELB on RPA nucleoprotein filaments shows that translocating HELB concomitantly clears RPA from ssDNA. This activity, which can allow other proteins access to ssDNA intermediates despite their shielding by RPA, may underpin the diverse roles of HELB in cellular DNA transactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Hormeno
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver J. Wilkinson
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Aicart-Ramos
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sahiti Kuppa
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Edwin Antony
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Mark S. Dillingham
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Moreno-Herrero
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Ramos C, Hernández-Tamayo R, López-Sanz M, Carrasco B, Serrano E, Alonso JC, Graumann PL, Ayora S. The RecD2 helicase balances RecA activities. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3432-3444. [PMID: 35234892 PMCID: PMC8989531 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA helicases of the RecD2 family are ubiquitous. Bacillus subtilis RecD2 in association with the single-stranded binding protein SsbA may contribute to replication fork progression, but its detailed action remains unknown. In this work, we explore the role of RecD2 during DNA replication and its interaction with the RecA recombinase. RecD2 inhibits replication restart, but this effect is not observed in the absence of SsbA. RecD2 slightly affects replication elongation. RecA inhibits leading and lagging strand synthesis, and RecD2, which physically interacts with RecA, counteracts this negative effect. In vivo results show that recD2 inactivation promotes RecA–ssDNA accumulation at low mitomycin C levels, and that RecA threads persist for a longer time after induction of DNA damage. In vitro, RecD2 modulates RecA-mediated DNA strand-exchange and catalyzes branch migration. These findings contribute to our understanding of how RecD2 may contribute to overcome a replicative stress, removing RecA from the ssDNA and, thus, it may act as a negative modulator of RecA filament growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ramos
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049Madrid, Spain
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Tamayo
- SYNMIKRO, LOEWE-Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - María López-Sanz
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Carrasco
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Serrano
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Alonso
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter L Graumann
- SYNMIKRO, LOEWE-Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Ayora
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049Madrid, Spain
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6
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Zafar M, Hazeslip L, Chauhan MZ, Byrd AK. The Expression of Human DNA Helicase B Is Affected by G-Quadruplexes in the Promoter. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2401-2409. [PMID: 32478505 PMCID: PMC7346868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
G-Quadruplexes are secondary structures that can form in guanine-rich DNA and RNA that have been implicated in regulating multiple biological processes, including transcription. G-Quadruplex-forming sequences are prevalent in promoter regions of proto-oncogenes and DNA repair proteins. HELB is a human helicase involved in DNA replication and repair with 12 runs of three to four guanines in the proximal promoter. This sequence has the potential to form three canonical three-tetrad G-quadruplexes. Our results show that although all three G-quadruplexes can form, a structure containing two noncanonical G-quadruplexes with longer loops containing runs of three to four guanines is the most prevalent. These HELB G-quadruplexes are stable under physiological conditions. In cells, stabilization of the G-quadruplexes results in a decrease in the level of HELB expression, suggesting that the G-quadruplexes in the HELB promoter serve as transcriptional repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof
Khan Zafar
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Lindsey Hazeslip
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Muhammad Zain Chauhan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Alicia K. Byrd
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Winthrop
P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
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7
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Li K, Peng S, Li Z, Lai Y, Wang Q, Tao Y, Wu W, Zhou Q, Gao Z, Chen J, Li H, Cai W, Guo Z, Huang H. Topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 promotes the progression of prostate cancer via ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9948-9958. [PMID: 32459662 PMCID: PMC7288942 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) plays an important role in the progression of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) is an essential promotor of ATR-mediated DDR. Herein, we investigated the association between TopBP1 and PCa and determined its effect on the progression of PCa. The expression and clinical features of TopBP1 were analyzed using large-scale cohort of tissue microarray analyses and The Cancer Genome Atlas database, which indicated that TopBP1 was positively correlated with high Gleason Score, advanced clinical and pathological stages, the metastasis status. Multivariate analysis revealed that the upregulation of TopBP1 was an independent predictor for a worse biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCR-free survival). Furthermore, we discovered that downregulation of TopBP1 significantly suppressed the growth and migration ability of PCa lines by loss-of-function assays in vitro. Further mechanistic investigations clarified that TopBP1 promoted proliferation and migration by activating ATR-Chk1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Peng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zean Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Lai
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianghua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Gao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Wenli Cai
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhenghui Guo
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Hazeslip L, Zafar MK, Chauhan MZ, Byrd AK. Genome Maintenance by DNA Helicase B. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E578. [PMID: 32455610 PMCID: PMC7290933 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA Helicase B (HELB) is a conserved helicase in higher eukaryotes with roles in the initiation of DNA replication and in the DNA damage and replication stress responses. HELB is a predominately nuclear protein in G1 phase where it is involved in initiation of DNA replication through interactions with DNA topoisomerase 2-binding protein 1 (TOPBP1), cell division control protein 45 (CDC45), and DNA polymerase α-primase. HELB also inhibits homologous recombination by reducing long-range end resection. After phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) at the G1 to S transition, HELB is predominately localized to the cytosol. However, this cytosolic localization in S phase is not exclusive. HELB has been reported to localize to chromatin in response to replication stress and to localize to the common fragile sites 16D (FRA16D) and 3B (FRA3B) and the rare fragile site XA (FRAXA) in S phase. In addition, HELB is phosphorylated in response to ionizing radiation and has been shown to localize to chromatin in response to various types of DNA damage, suggesting it has a role in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Hazeslip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (L.H.); (M.K.Z.); (M.Z.C.)
| | - Maroof Khan Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (L.H.); (M.K.Z.); (M.Z.C.)
| | - Muhammad Zain Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (L.H.); (M.K.Z.); (M.Z.C.)
| | - Alicia K. Byrd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (L.H.); (M.K.Z.); (M.Z.C.)
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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9
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Guler GD, Rosenwaks Z, Gerhardt J. Human DNA Helicase B as a Candidate for Unwinding Secondary CGG Repeat Structures at the Fragile X Mental Retardation Gene. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:138. [PMID: 29760651 PMCID: PMC5936766 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by a CGG repeat expansion at the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene. FMR1 alleles with more than 200 CGG repeats bear chromosomal fragility when cells experience folate deficiency. CGG repeats were reported to be able to form secondary structures, such as hairpins, in vitro. When such secondary structures are formed, repeats can lead to replication fork stalling even in the absence of any additional perturbation. Indeed, it was recently shown that the replication forks stall at the endogenous FMR1 locus in unaffected and FXS cells, suggesting the formation of secondary repeat structures at the FMR1 gene in vivo. If not dealt with properly replication fork stalling can lead to polymerase slippage and repeat expansion as well as fragile site expression. Despite the presence of repeat structures at the FMR1 locus, chromosomal fragility is only expressed under replicative stress suggesting the existence of potential molecular mechanisms that help the replication fork progress through these repeat regions. DNA helicases are known to aid replication forks progress through repetitive DNA sequences. Yet, the identity of the DNA helicase(s) responsible for unwinding the CGG repeats at FMR1 locus is not known. We found that the human DNA helicase B (HDHB) may provide an answer for this question. We used chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay to study the FMR1 region and common fragile sites (CFS), and asked whether HDHB localizes at replication forks stalled at repetitive regions even in unperturbed cells. HDHB was strongly enriched in S-phase at the repetitive DNA at CFS and FMR1 gene but not in the flanking regions. Taken together, these results suggest that HDHB functions in preventing or repairing stalled replication forks that arise in repeat-rich regions even in unperturbed cells. Furthermore, we discuss the importance and potential role of HDHB and other helicases in the resolution of secondary CGG repeat structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulfem D Guler
- Celgene Quanticel Research, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zev Rosenwaks
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeannine Gerhardt
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
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10
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范 俣, 刘 瑞, 丁 晓, 上官 信, 吴 新. [Deguelin inhibits proliferation and regulates the expression of MCM3-CDC45 in MCF-7 and H1299 cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1545-1550. [PMID: 29180339 PMCID: PMC6779631 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of deguelin on the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells and lung cancer H1299 cells in vitro and the expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 3 (MCM3) and CDC45 in the cells. METHODS MTT assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of MCF-7 and H1299 cells exposed to different concentrations of deguelin for 48, 72 or 96 h. The growth of the cells was observed microscopically and the changes of MCM3 and CDC45 expressions in MCF-7 and H1299 cells following deguelin treatment were detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS The proliferation of MCF-7 cells was significantly inhibited by exposure to 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, and 50 µmol/L deguelin for 48, 72, and 96 h in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In MCF-7 cells, the IC50 of deguelin at 48, 72, and 96 h was 9, 3, and 2 µmol/L, respectively. Deguelin treatments of H1299 cells at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, 50, and 100 µmol/L also resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of the cell growth with an IC50 at 96 h of 2 µmol/L. Optical microscopy of the cells revealed a decreased number of viable cells with obvious cell shrinkage following deguelin treatments. The expression of MCM3 and CDC45 were significantly reduced in the cells after deguelin treatments. CONCLUSION Deguelin can inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 and H1299 cells in vitro and down-regulate the expression of MCM3 and CDC45 in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 俣琳 范
- 南方医科大学研究生院,广东 广州 510515Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 广州军区广州总医院药学部,广东 广州 510010Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - 瑞瑾 刘
- 广州军区广州总医院药学部,广东 广州 510010Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - 晓艳 丁
- 广州军区广州总医院药学部,广东 广州 510010Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - 信一 上官
- 广州军区广州总医院药学部,广东 广州 510010Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - 新荣 吴
- 南方医科大学研究生院,广东 广州 510515Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 广州军区广州总医院药学部,广东 广州 510010Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
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11
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Sun J, Shi R, Zhao S, Li X, Lu S, Bu H, Ma X. Cell division cycle 45 promotes papillary thyroid cancer progression via regulating cell cycle. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705342. [PMID: 28474999 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 45 was reported to be overexpressed in some cancer-derived cell lines and was predicted to be a candidate oncogene in cervical cancer. However, the clinical and biological significance of cell division cycle 45 in papillary thyroid cancer has never been investigated. We determined the expression level and clinical significance of cell division cycle 45 using The Cancer Genome Atlas, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. A great upregulation of cell division cycle 45 was observed in papillary thyroid cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of cell division cycle 45 positively correlates with more advanced clinical characteristics. Silence of cell division cycle 45 suppressed proliferation of papillary thyroid cancer cells via G1-phase arrest and inducing apoptosis. The oncogenic activity of cell division cycle 45 was also confirmed in vivo. In conclusion, cell division cycle 45 may serve as a novel biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for papillary thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Run Shi
- 2 The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- 3 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- 4 Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- 5 Department of Nutriology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hemei Bu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianghua Ma
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Trakselis MA, Seidman MM, Brosh RM. Mechanistic insights into how CMG helicase facilitates replication past DNA roadblocks. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 55:76-82. [PMID: 28554039 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Before leaving the house, it is a good idea to check for road closures that may affect the morning commute. Otherwise, one may encounter significant delays arriving at the destination. While this is commonly true, motorists may be able to consult a live interactive traffic map and pick an alternate route or detour to avoid being late. However, this is not the case if one needs to catch the train which follows a single track to the terminus; if something blocks the track, there is a delay. Such is the case for the DNA replisome responsible for copying the genetic information that provides the recipe of life. When the replication machinery encounters a DNA roadblock, the outcome can be devastating if the obstacle is not overcome in an efficient manner. Fortunately, the cell's DNA synthesis apparatus can bypass certain DNA obstructions, but the mechanism(s) are still poorly understood. Very recently, two papers from the O'Donnell lab, one structural (Georgescu et al., 2017 [1]) and the other biochemical (Langston and O'Donnell, 2017 [2]), have challenged the conventional thinking of how the replicative CMG helicase is arranged on DNA, unwinds double-stranded DNA, and handles barricades in its path. These new findings raise important questions in the search for mechanistic insights into how DNA is copied, particularly when the replication machinery encounters a roadblock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Trakselis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, United States.
| | - Michael M Seidman
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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13
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Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human DNA helicase B (HELB) gene and its response to trans-Resveratrol. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24510. [PMID: 27079536 PMCID: PMC4832242 DOI: 10.1038/srep24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human DNA helicase B (HELB/HDHB) regulates DNA replication through association with human DNA polymerase α-primase. In the present study, an 866-base pair (bp) of the 5′-flanking region of the human HELB gene-containing Luciferase (Luc) reporter plasmid, pHDHB-Luc was transfected into various cell lines and Luc activity was analyzed. Deletion analyses revealed that a 121-bp containing the major transcription start site (TSS) was essential for the basal promoter activity in all tested cells. TF-SEARCH analysis indicated that GC-box/Sp1 and duplicated GGAA-motifs containing putative STAT-x and c-ETS binding sites are located close to the TSS. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed that PU.1 and Sp1 bind to the 121-bp region. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses showed the HELB gene and protein expression was up-regulated by trans-Resveratrol (Rsv) treatment in HeLa S3 cells. Moreover, transfection experiment indicated that mutations on the GC-boxes and the duplicated GGAA-motif greatly reduced promoter activity and the response to Rsv in HeLa S3 cells. These results suggest that Rsv, which is a natural compound that has been found to elongate the lifespan of various organisms, regulates HELB promoter activity through co-operation of the GC-boxes and the duplicated GGAA-motif in the 121-bp.
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14
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Tkáč J, Xu G, Adhikary H, Young JTF, Gallo D, Escribano-Díaz C, Krietsch J, Orthwein A, Munro M, Sol W, Al-Hakim A, Lin ZY, Jonkers J, Borst P, Brown GW, Gingras AC, Rottenberg S, Masson JY, Durocher D. HELB Is a Feedback Inhibitor of DNA End Resection. Mol Cell 2016; 61:405-418. [PMID: 26774285 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination is initiated by the formation of 3' single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) overhangs by a process termed end resection. Although much focus has been given to the decision to initiate resection, little is known of the mechanisms that regulate the ongoing formation of ssDNA tails. Here we report that DNA helicase B (HELB) underpins a feedback inhibition mechanism that curtails resection. HELB is recruited to ssDNA by interacting with RPA and uses its 5'-3' ssDNA translocase activity to inhibit EXO1 and BLM-DNA2, the nucleases catalyzing resection. HELB acts independently of 53BP1 and is exported from the nucleus as cells approach S phase, concomitant with the upregulation of resection. Consistent with its role as a resection antagonist, loss of HELB results in PARP inhibitor resistance in BRCA1-deficient tumor cells. We conclude that mammalian DNA end resection triggers its own inhibition via the recruitment of HELB.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- BRCA1 Protein/genetics
- DNA End-Joining Repair
- DNA Helicases/deficiency
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA Helicases/metabolism
- DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics
- DNA Repair Enzymes/metabolism
- Exodeoxyribonucleases/genetics
- Exodeoxyribonucleases/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phthalazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- RecQ Helicases/genetics
- RecQ Helicases/metabolism
- S Phase
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Tkáč
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Guotai Xu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hemanta Adhikary
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jordan T F Young
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David Gallo
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Cristina Escribano-Díaz
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jana Krietsch
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Meagan Munro
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Wendy Sol
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abdallah Al-Hakim
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Zhen-Yuan Lin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Piet Borst
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Grant W Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggasstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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