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Li XL, Fan W, Fan B. Dental pulp regeneration strategies: A review of status quo and recent advances. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:258-275. [PMID: 38745589 PMCID: PMC11090883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, physical factors such as temperature or mechanical injury, and chemical factors such as free monomers from composite resin are the main causes of dental pulp diseases. Current clinical treatment methods for pulp diseases include the root canal therapy, vital pulp therapy and regenerative endodontic therapy. Regenerative endodontic therapy serves the purpose of inducing the regeneration of new functional pulp tissues through autologous revascularization or pulp tissue engineering. This article first discusses the current clinical methods and reviews strategies as well as the research outcomes regarding the pulp regeneration. Then the in vivo models, the prospects and challenges for regenerative endodontic therapy were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
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2
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Santilli F, Fabrizi J, Martellucci S, Santacroce C, Iorio E, Pisanu ME, Chirico M, Lancia L, Pulcini F, Manganelli V, Sorice M, Delle Monache S, Mattei V. Lipid rafts mediate multilineage differentiation of human dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs). Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1274462. [PMID: 38020931 PMCID: PMC10665896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1274462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell outer membranes contain glycosphingolipids and protein receptors, which are integrated into glycoprotein domains, known as lipid rafts, which are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including receptor-mediated signal transduction and cellular differentiation process. In this study, we analyzed the lipidic composition of human Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells (DPSCs), and the role of lipid rafts during the multilineage differentiation process. The relative quantification of lipid metabolites in the organic fraction of DPSCs, performed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, showed that mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were the most representative species in the total pool of acyl chains, compared to polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFAs). In addition, the stimulation of DPSCs with different culture media induces a multilineage differentiation process, determining changes in the gangliosides pattern. To understand the functional role of lipid rafts during multilineage differentiation, DPSCs were pretreated with a typical lipid raft affecting agent (MβCD). Subsequently, DPSCs were inducted to differentiate into osteoblast, chondroblast and adipoblast cells with specific media. We observed that raft-affecting agent MβCD prevented AKT activation and the expression of lineage-specific mRNA such as OSX, PPARγ2, and SOX9 during multilineage differentiation. Moreover, this compound significantly prevented the tri-lineage differentiation induced by specific stimuli, indicating that lipid raft integrity is essential for DPSCs differentiation. These results suggest that lipid rafts alteration may affect the signaling pathway activated, preventing multilineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, Rieti, Italy
| | - Jessica Fabrizi
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, Rieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, Rieti, Italy
| | - Costantino Santacroce
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, Rieti, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- High Resolution NMR Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Pisanu
- High Resolution NMR Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattea Chirico
- High Resolution NMR Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Loreto Lancia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Valeria Manganelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, della Salute e delle Professioni Sanitarie, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy
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3
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Liu Q, Gao Y, He J. Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla (SCAPs): Past, Present, Prospects, and Challenges. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2047. [PMID: 37509686 PMCID: PMC10377451 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental diseases occurring on young permanent teeth usually lead to the premature arrest of tooth root development. Sustained tooth root elongation is necessary to achieve the goal of long-term preservation of affected teeth. To this end, stem cell-based regenerative endodontic treatment has been regarded as one of the most promising strategies for treating young permanent teeth with pulp and periapical infections. Endogenous stem cells residing in the apical papilla, named stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs), have been intensively investigated due to their critical roles in pulp regeneration and root redevelopment. The present review summarizes advances in the field of SCAPs studies and discusses the challenges that need to be further addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Liu B, Zhang C, Zhao H, Gao J, Hu J. Chitosan Hydrogel-Delivered ABE8e Corrects PAX9 Mutant in Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Gels 2023; 9:436. [PMID: 37367107 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypodontia (dental agenesis) is a genetic disorder, and it has been identified that the mutation C175T in PAX9 could lead to hypodontia. Cas9 nickase (nCas9)-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) and base editing were used for the correction of this mutated point. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HDR and the base editor ABE8e in editing PAX9 mutant. It was found that the chitosan hydrogel was efficient in delivering naked DNA into dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). To explore the influence of the C175T mutation in PAX9 on the proliferation of DPSCs, hydrogel was employed to deliver PAX9 mutant vector into DPSCs, finding that the PAX9-containing C175T mutation failed to promote the proliferation of DPSCs. Firstly, DPSCs stably carrying PAX9 mutant were constructed. Either an HDR or ABE8e system was delivered into the above-mentioned stable DPSCs, and then the correction efficiency using Sanger sequencing and Western blotting was determined. Meanwhile, the ABE8e presented significantly higher efficiency in correcting C175T compared with HDR. Furthermore, the corrected PAX9 presented enhanced viability and differentiation capacity for osteogenic and neurogenic lineages; the corrected PAX9 even possessed extremely enhanced transcriptional activation ability. In summary, this study has powerful implications for studies into base editors, chitosan hydrogel, and DPSCs in treating hypodontia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chenjiao Zhang
- Department of General, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Multi-Disciplinary Treatment Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jingchao Hu
- Department of Periodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
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5
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Fu Y, Miyazaki K, Chiba Y, Funada K, Yuta T, Tian T, Mizuta K, Kawahara J, Zhang L, Martin D, Iwamoto T, Takahashi I, Fukumoto S, Yoshizaki K. Identification of GPI-anchored protein LYPD1 as an essential factor for odontoblast differentiation in tooth development. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104638. [PMID: 36963497 PMCID: PMC10130355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains rich in cholesterol, sphingolipids, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), and receptors. These lipid raft components are localized at the plasma membrane and are essential for signal transmission and organogenesis. However, few reports have been published on the specific effects of lipid rafts on tooth development. Using microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing methods, we found that a GPI-AP, lymphocyte antigen-6/Plaur domain-containing 1 (Lypd1), was specifically expressed in preodontoblasts. Depletion of Lypd1 in tooth germ using an ex vivo organ culture system and in mouse dental pulp (mDP) cells resulted in the inhibition of odontoblast differentiation. Activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling by BMP2 treatment in mDP cells promoted odontoblast differentiation via phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, while this BMP2-mediated odontoblast differentiation was inhibited by depletion of Lypd1. Furthermore, we created a deletion construct of the C terminus containing the omega site in LYPD1; this site is necessary for localizing GPI-APs to the plasma membrane and lipid rafts. We identified that this site is essential for odontoblast differentiation and morphological change of mDP cells. These findings demonstrated that LYPD1 is a novel marker of preodontoblasts in the developing tooth; in addition, they suggest that LYPD1 is important for tooth development and that it plays a pivotal role in odontoblast differentiation by regulating Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation through its effect as a GPI-AP in lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Miyazaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Funada
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yuta
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanji Mizuta
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kawahara
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ling Zhang
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Mélou C, Pellen-Mussi P, Novello S, Brézulier D, Novella A, Tricot S, Bellaud P, Chauvel-Lebret D. Spheroid Culture System, a Promising Method for Chondrogenic Differentiation of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051314. [PMID: 37238984 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to develop a three-dimensional culture model to evaluate, in a short period of time, cartilage tissue engineering protocols. The spheroids were compared with the gold standard pellet culture. The dental mesenchymal stem cell lines were from pulp and periodontal ligament. The evaluation used RT-qPCR and Alcian Blue staining of the cartilage matrix. This study showed that the spheroid model allowed for obtaining greater fluctuations of the chondrogenesis markers than for the pellet one. The two cell lines, although originating from the same organ, led to different biological responses. Finally, biological changes were detectable for short periods of time. In summary, this work demonstrated that the spheroid model is a valuable tool for studying chondrogenesis and the mechanisms of osteoarthritis, and evaluating cartilage tissue engineering protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mélou
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
- Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
- UFR Odontologie, University of Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Pellen-Mussi
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Solen Novello
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
- Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
- UFR Odontologie, University of Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Damien Brézulier
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
- Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Novella
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Tricot
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Bellaud
- CNRS, Inserm UMS Biosit, France BioImaging, Core Facility H2P2, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Chauvel-Lebret
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
- Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
- UFR Odontologie, University of Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France
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7
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Jalli R, Mehrabani D, Zare S, Saeedi Moghadam M, Jamhiri I, Manafi N, Mehrabani G, Ghabanchi J, Razeghian Jahromi I, Rasouli-Nia A, Karimi-Busheri F. Cell Proliferation, Viability, Differentiation, and Apoptosis of Iron Oxide Labeled Stem Cells Transfected with Lipofectamine Assessed by MRI. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062395. [PMID: 36983399 PMCID: PMC10054380 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess in vitro and in vivo tracking of iron oxide labeled stem cells transfected by lipofectamine using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), rat dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were characterized, labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles, and then transfected with lipofectamine to facilitate the internalization of these nanoparticles. Cell proliferation, viability, differentiation, and apoptosis were investigated. Prussian blue staining and MRI were used to trace transfected labeled cells. DPSCs were a morphologically spindle shape, adherent to culture plates, and positive for adipogenic and osteogenic inductions. They expressed CD73 and CD90 markers and lacked CD34 and CD45. Iron oxide labeling and transfection with lipofectamine in DPSCs had no toxic impact on viability, proliferation, and differentiation, and did not induce any apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo internalization of iron oxide nanoparticles within DPSCs were confirmed by Prussian blue staining and MRI tracking. Prussian blue staining and MRI tracking in the absence of any toxic effects on cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis were safe and accurate to track DPSCs labeled with iron oxide and transfected with lipofectamine. MRI can be a useful imaging modality when treatment outcome is targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jalli
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
- Comparative and Experimental Medicine Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
- Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research and Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Mahdi Saeedi Moghadam
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Iman Jamhiri
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Navid Manafi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Golshid Mehrabani
- School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Janan Ghabanchi
- School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Iman Razeghian Jahromi
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Aghdass Rasouli-Nia
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Feridoun Karimi-Busheri
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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Differential Effects of Extracellular Matrix Glycoproteins Fibronectin and Laminin-5 on Dental Pulp Stem Cell Phenotypes and Responsiveness. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020091. [PMID: 36826890 PMCID: PMC9963712 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the potential to differentiate in a limited number of other tissue types. Some evidence has suggested the modulation of DPSC growth may be mediated, in part, by exogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins, including fibronectin (FN) and laminin-5 (LN5). Although preliminary research suggests that some ECM glycoproteins may work as functional biomaterials to modulate DPSC growth responses, the primary goal of this project is to determine the specific effects of FN and LN5 on DPSC growth and viability. Using an existing DPSC repository, n = 16 DPSC isolates were cultured and 96-well growth assays were performed, which revealed FN, LN5 and the combination of these were sufficient to induce statistically significant changes in growth among five (n = 5) DPSC isolates. In addition, the administration of FN (either alone or in combination) was sufficient to induce the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), while LN5 induced the expression of ALP only, suggesting differential responsiveness among DPSCs. Moreover, these responses appeared to correlate with the expression of MSC biomarkers NANOG, Oct4 and Sox2. These results add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that functional biomaterials, such as ECM glycoproteins FN and LN5, are sufficient to induce phenotypic and differentiation-specific effects in a specific subset of DPSC isolates. More research will be needed to determine which biomarkers or additional factors are necessary and sufficient to induce the differentiation and development of DPSCs ex vivo and in vitro for biomedical applications.
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Mattei V, Delle Monache S. Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) and Tissue Regeneration: Mechanisms Mediated by Direct, Paracrine, or Autocrine Effects. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020386. [PMID: 36830923 PMCID: PMC9953448 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Among mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were discovered most recently [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (S.D.M.)
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10
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Neural Regeneration in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: An Overview and Current Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415492. [PMID: 36555133 PMCID: PMC9779866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpal and periapical diseases are the most common dental diseases. The traditional treatment is root canal therapy, which achieves satisfactory therapeutic outcomes-especially for mature permanent teeth. Apexification, pulpotomy, and pulp revascularization are common techniques used for immature permanent teeth to accelerate the development of the root. However, there are obstacles to achieving functional pulp regeneration. Recently, two methods have been proposed based on tissue engineering: stem cell transplantation, and cell homing. One of the goals of functional pulp regeneration is to achieve innervation. Nerves play a vital role in dentin formation, nutrition, sensation, and defense in the pulp. Successful neural regeneration faces tough challenges in both animal studies and clinical trials. Investigation of the regeneration and repair of the nerves in the pulp has become a serious undertaking. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the key stem cells, signaling molecules, and biomaterials that could promote neural regeneration as part of pulp regeneration. We also discuss the challenges in preclinical or clinical neural regeneration applications to guide deep research in the future.
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11
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Santilli F, Fabrizi J, Pulcini F, Santacroce C, Sorice M, Delle Monache S, Mattei V. Gangliosides and Their Role in Multilineage Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123112. [PMID: 36551867 PMCID: PMC9775755 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides (GGs) are a glycolipid class present on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) surfaces with a critical appearance role in stem cell differentiation, even though their mechanistic role in signaling and differentiation remains largely unknown. This review aims to carry out a critical analysis of the predictive role of gangliosides as specific markers of the cellular state of undifferentiated and differentiated MSCs, towards the osteogenic, chondrogenic, neurogenic, and adipogenic lineage. For this reason, we analyzed the role of GGs during multilineage differentiation processes of several types of MSCs such as Umbilical Cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs), Bone Marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), Dental Pulp derived MSCs (DPSCs), and Adipose derived MSCs (ADSCs). Moreover, we examined the possible role of GGs as specific cell surface markers to identify or isolate specific stem cell isotypes and their potential use as additional markers for quality control of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Jessica Fabrizi
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Costantino Santacroce
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (V.M.)
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12
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Optimal Intravenous Administration Procedure for Efficient Delivery of Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314681. [PMID: 36499004 PMCID: PMC9740176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are currently being investigated for their therapeutic applications in a wide range of diseases. Although many studies examined peripheral venous administration of MSC, few have investigated the detailed intravenous administration procedures of MSC from their preparation until they enter the body. The current study therefore aimed to explore the most efficient infusion procedure for MSC delivery by preparing and infusing them under various conditions. Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cADSC) were infused using different infusion apparatuses, suspension solutions, allogenic serum supplementation, infusion time and rates, and cell densities, respectively. Live and dead cell counts were then assessed by manual measurements and flow cytometry. Efficiency of live- and dead-cell infusion and cell viability were calculated from the measured cell counts and compared under each condition. Efficiency of live-cell infusion differed significantly according to the infusion apparatus, infusion rate, and combination of cell density and serum supplementation. Cell viability after infusion differed significantly between the infusion apparatuses. The optimal infusion procedure resulting in the highest cell delivery and viability involved suspending cADSC in normal saline supplemented with 5% allogenic serum at a density of 5 × 105 cells/mL, and infusing them using an automatic infusion device for 15 min. This procedure is therefore recommended as the standard procedure for the intravenous administration of ADSC in terms of cell-delivery efficiency.
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13
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Gao Y, Tian Z, Liu Q, Wang T, Ban LK, Lee HHC, Umezawa A, Almansour AI, Arumugam N, Kumar RS, Ye Q, Higuchi A, Chen H, Sung TC. Neuronal Cell Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Synthetic Polymeric Surfaces Coated With ECM Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:893241. [PMID: 35774224 PMCID: PMC9237518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.893241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells serve as an ideal source of tissue regeneration therapy because of their high stemness properties and regenerative activities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered an excellent source of stem cell therapy because MSCs can be easily obtained without ethical concern and can differentiate into most types of cells in the human body. We prepared cell culture materials combined with synthetic polymeric materials of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl acrylate (PN) and extracellular matrix proteins to investigate the effect of cell culture biomaterials on the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into neuronal cells. The DPSCs cultured on poly-L-ornithine (PLO)-coated (TPS-PLO) plates and PLO and PN-coated (TPS-PLO-PN) plates showed excellent neuronal marker (βIII-tubulin and nestin) expression and the highest expansion rate among the culture plates investigated in this study. This result suggests that the TPS-PLO and TPS-PN-PLO plates maintained stable DPSCs proliferation and had good capabilities of differentiating into neuronal cells. TPS-PLO and TPS-PN-PLO plates may have high potentials as cell culture biomaterials for the differentiation of MSCs into several neural cells, such as cells in the central nervous system, retinal cells, retinal organoids and oligodendrocytes, which will expand the sources of cells for stem cell therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lee-Kiat Ban
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Henry Hsin-Chung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsong Ye, ; Akon Higuchi, ; Hao Chen, ; Tzu-Cheng Sung,
| | - Akon Higuchi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Qingsong Ye, ; Akon Higuchi, ; Hao Chen, ; Tzu-Cheng Sung,
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsong Ye, ; Akon Higuchi, ; Hao Chen, ; Tzu-Cheng Sung,
| | - Tzu-Cheng Sung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsong Ye, ; Akon Higuchi, ; Hao Chen, ; Tzu-Cheng Sung,
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14
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Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration: A Guide to Identifying the Most Favorable One in Orthopedics and Dentistry Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116356. [PMID: 35683035 PMCID: PMC9181542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of regenerative medicine in various clinical applications depends on the appropriate selection of the source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Indeed, the source conditions, the quality and quantity of MSCs, have an influence on the growth factors, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and secrete bioactive factors of the regenerative milieu, thus influencing the clinical result. Thus, optimal source selection should harmonize this complex setting and ensure a well-personalized and effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from several sources, including bone marrow and adipose tissue, already used in orthopedic regenerative applications. In this sense, for bone, dental, and oral injuries, MSCs could provide an innovative and effective therapy. The present review aims to compare the properties (proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, angiogenic capacity, differentiation potential, and secretome) of MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental tissue to enable clinicians to select the best source of MSCs for their clinical application in bone and oral tissue regeneration to delineate new translational perspectives. A review of the literature was conducted using the search engines Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. An analysis of different publications showed that all sources compared (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and dental tissue mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs)) are good options to promote proper migration and angiogenesis, and they turn out to be useful for gingival, dental pulp, bone, and periodontal regeneration. In particular, DT-MSCs have better proliferation rates and AT and G-MSC sources showed higher clonogenicity. MSCs from bone marrow, widely used in orthopedic regenerative medicine, are preferable for their differentiation ability. Considering all the properties among sources, BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs, and DT-MSCs present as potential candidates for oral and dental regeneration.
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15
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Hypoxia Induces DPSC Differentiation versus a Neurogenic Phenotype by the Paracrine Mechanism. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051056. [PMID: 35625792 PMCID: PMC9138575 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As previously described by several authors, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), when adequately stimulated, may acquire a neuronal-like phenotype acting as a favorable source of stem cells in the generation of nerves. Besides, it is known that hypoxia conditioning is capable of stimulating cell differentiation as well as survival and self-renewal, and that multiple growth factors, including Epidermal Growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), are often involved in the induction of the neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells. In this work, we investigated the role of hypoxia in the commitment of DPSCs into a neuronal phenotype. These cells were conditioned with hypoxia (O2 1%) for 5 and 16 days; subsequently, we analyzed the proliferation rate and morphology, and tested the cells for neural and stem markers. Moreover, we verified the possible autocrine/paracrine role of DPSCs in the induction of neural differentiation by comparing the secretome profile of the hypoxic and normoxic conditioned media (CM). Our results showed that the hypoxia-mediated DPSC differentiation was time dependent. Moreover, conditioned media (CM derived from DPSCs stimulated by hypoxia were able, in turn, to induce the neural differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and undifferentiated DPSCs. In conclusion, under the herein-mentioned conditions, hypoxia seems to favor the differentiation of DPSCs into neuron-like cells. In this way, we confirm the potential clinical utility of differentiated neuronal DPSCs, and we also suggest the even greater potential of CM-derived-hypoxic DPSCs that could more readily be used in regenerative therapies.
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16
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Kwack KH, Lee HW. Clinical Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Pulp Regeneration: Current Endodontic Progress and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:857066. [PMID: 35478967 PMCID: PMC9035692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.857066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common disease that not only destroys the rigid structure of the teeth but also causes pulp necrosis in severe cases. Once pulp necrosis has occurred, the most common treatment is to remove the damaged pulp tissue, leading to a loss of tooth vitality and increased tooth fragility. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from pulp tissue exhibit mesenchymal stem cell-like characteristics and are considered ideal candidates for regenerating damaged dental pulp tissue owing to their multipotency, high proliferation rate, and viability after cryopreservation. Importantly, DPSCs do not elicit an allogeneic immune response because they are non-immunogenic and exhibit potent immunosuppressive properties. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the clinical applicability and potential of DPSCs, as well as emerging trends in the regeneration of damaged pulp tissue. In addition, we suggest the possibility of using DPSCs as a resource for allogeneic transplantation and provide a perspective for their clinical application in pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Kwack
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Graduate School, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyeon-Woo Lee,
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17
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Crestini A, Santilli F, Martellucci S, Carbone E, Sorice M, Piscopo P, Mattei V. Prions and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Focus on Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:503-518. [PMID: 34864675 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Specific protein misfolding and aggregation are mechanisms underlying various neurodegenerative diseases such as prion disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The misfolded proteins are involved in prions, amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein disorders; they share common structural, biological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as similar mechanisms of aggregation and self-propagation. Pathological features of AD include the appearance of plaques consisting of deposition of protein Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles formed by the hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Although it is not clear how protein aggregation leads to AD, we are learning that the cellular prion protein (PrPC) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Herein, we first examined the pathogenesis of prion and AD with a focus on the contribution of PrPC to the development of AD. We analyzed the mechanisms that lead to the formation of a high affinity bond between Aβ oligomers (AβOs) and PrPC. Also, we studied the role of PrPC as an AβO receptor that initiates an AβO-induced signal cascade involving mGluR5, Fyn, Pyk2, and eEF2K linking Aβ and tau pathologies, resulting in the death of neurons in the central nervous system. Finally, we have described how the PrPC-AβOs interaction can be used as a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PrPC-dependent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Crestini
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Rieti, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Rieti, Italy
| | - Elena Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Rieti, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
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18
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Mattei V, Martellucci S, Pulcini F, Santilli F, Sorice M, Delle Monache S. Regenerative Potential of DPSCs and Revascularization: Direct, Paracrine or Autocrine Effect? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1635-1646. [PMID: 33829353 PMCID: PMC8553678 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new source of mesenchymal stem cells has recently been discovered, the so-called dental pulp derived stem cells (DPSCs) which therefore could represent potentially tools for regenerative medicine. DPSC originate from the neural crest and are physiologically involved in dentin homeostasis; moreover, they contribute to bone remodeling and differentiation into several tissues including cartilage, bone, adipose and nervous tissues. DPSCs have also been shown to influence the angiogenesis process, for example through the release of secretory factors or by differentiating into vascular and/or perivascular cells. Angiogenesis, that has a pivotal role in tissue regeneration and repair, is defined as the formation of new vessels from preexisting vessels and is mediated by mutual and reciprocal interactions between endothelial cells and perivascular cells. It is also known that co-cultures of perivascular and endothelial cells (ECs) can form a vascular network in vitro and also in vivo. Since DPSCs seem to have characteristics similar to pericytes, understanding the possible mechanism of interaction between DPSCs and ECs during neo-angiogenesis is dramatically important for the development of advanced clinical application in the field of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100, Rieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100, Rieti, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100, Rieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy.
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19
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Sorice M, Misasi R, Riitano G, Manganelli V, Martellucci S, Longo A, Garofalo T, Mattei V. Targeting Lipid Rafts as a Strategy Against Coronavirus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618296. [PMID: 33614627 PMCID: PMC7890255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are functional membrane microdomains containing sphingolipids, including gangliosides, and cholesterol. These regions are characterized by highly ordered and tightly packed lipid molecules. Several studies revealed that lipid rafts are involved in life cycle of different viruses, including coronaviruses. Among these recently emerged the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The main receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is represented by the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), although it also binds to sialic acids linked to host cell surface gangliosides. A new type of ganglioside-binding domain within the N-terminal portion of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was identified. Lipid rafts provide a suitable platform able to concentrate ACE-2 receptor on host cell membranes where they may interact with the spike protein on viral envelope. This review is focused on selective targeting lipid rafts components as a strategy against coronavirus. Indeed, cholesterol-binding agents, including statins or methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), can affect cholesterol, causing disruption of lipid rafts, consequently impairing coronavirus adhesion and binding. Moreover, these compounds can block downstream key molecules in virus infectivity, reducing the levels of proinflammatory molecules [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6], and/or affecting the autophagic process involved in both viral replication and clearance. Furthermore, cyclodextrins can assemble into complexes with various drugs to form host-guest inclusions and may be used as pharmaceutical excipients of antiviral compounds, such as lopinavir and remdesivir, by improving bioavailability and solubility. In conclusion, the role of lipid rafts-affecting drugs in the process of coronavirus entry into the host cells prompts to introduce a new potential task in the pharmacological approach against coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Riitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Martellucci
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, Rieti, Italy
| | - Agostina Longo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, Rieti, Italy
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20
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Kourounakis AP, Bavavea E. New applications of squalene synthase inhibitors: Membrane cholesterol as a therapeutic target. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000085. [PMID: 32557793 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Squalene synthase (SQS) inhibitors, mostly known as antihyperlipidemic agents for controlling blood cholesterol levels, have been increasingly used to study alterations of the cholesterol content in cell membranes. As such, SQS inhibitors have been demonstrated to control cellular activities related to cancer cell proliferation and migration, neuron degeneration, and parasite growth. While the mechanisms behind the effects of cellular cholesterol are still being revealed in detail, the evidence for SQS as a therapeutic target for several seemingly unrelated diseases is increasing. SQS inhibitors may be the next promising candidates targeting the three remaining primary therapeutic areas, beyond cardiovascular disease, which still need to be addressed; their application as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antineurodegenerative agents appears promising for new drug discovery projects underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki P Kourounakis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bavavea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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21
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Prion Protein in Stem Cells: A Lipid Raft Component Involved in the Cellular Differentiation Process. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114168. [PMID: 32545192 PMCID: PMC7312503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP) is an enigmatic molecule with a pleiotropic effect on different cell types; it is localized stably in lipid raft microdomains and it is able to recruit downstream signal transduction pathways by its interaction with various biochemical partners. Since its discovery, this lipid raft component has been involved in several functions, although most of the publications focused on the pathological role of the protein. Recent studies report a key role of cellular prion protein (PrPC) in physiological processes, including cellular differentiation. Indeed, the PrPC, whose expression is modulated according to the cell differentiation degree, appears to be part of the multimolecular signaling pathways of the neuronal differentiation process. In this review, we aim to summarize the main findings that report the link between PrPC and stem cells.
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22
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Iessi E, Marconi M, Manganelli V, Sorice M, Malorni W, Garofalo T, Matarrese P. On the role of sphingolipids in cell survival and death. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 351:149-195. [PMID: 32247579 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, universal components of biological membranes of all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts to mammals, in addition of playing a structural role, also play an important part of signal transduction pathways. They participate or, also, ignite several fundamental subcellular signaling processes but, more in general, they directly contribute to key biological activities such as cell motility, growth, senescence, differentiation as well as cell fate, i.e., survival or death. The sphingolipid metabolic pathway displays an intricate network of reactions that result in the formation of multiple sphingolipids, including ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Different sphingolipids, that have key roles in determining cell fate, can induce opposite effects: as a general rule, sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes cell survival and differentiation, whereas ceramide is known to induce apoptosis. Furthermore, together with cholesterol, sphingolipids also represent the basic lipid component of lipid rafts, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains directly involved in cell death and survival processes. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of sphingolipids and lipid membrane microdomains. In particular, we will consider the involvement of various sphingolipids per se and of lipid rafts in apoptotic pathway, both intrinsic and extrinsic, in nonapoptotic cell death, in autophagy, and in cell differentiation. In addition, their roles in the most common physiological and pathological contexts either as pathogenetic elements or as biomarkers of diseases will be considered. We would also hint how the manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism could represent a potential therapeutic target to be investigated and functionally validated especially for those diseases for which therapeutic options are limited or ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Iessi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Marconi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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23
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Mattei V, Manganelli V, Martellucci S, Capozzi A, Mantuano E, Longo A, Ferri A, Garofalo T, Sorice M, Misasi R. A multimolecular signaling complex including PrP C and LRP1 is strictly dependent on lipid rafts and is essential for the function of tissue plasminogen activator. J Neurochem 2019; 152:468-481. [PMID: 31602645 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prion protein (PrPC ) localizes stably in lipid rafts microdomains and is able to recruit downstream signal transduction pathways by the interaction with promiscuous partners. Other proteins have the ability to occasionally be recruited to these specialized membrane areas, within multimolecular complexes. Among these, we highlight the presence of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which was found localized transiently in lipid rafts, suggesting a different function of this receptor that through lipid raft becomes able to activate a signal transduction pathway triggered by specific ligands, including Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Since it has been reported that PrPC participates in the tPA-mediated plasminogen activation, in this study, we describe the role of lipid rafts in the recruitment and activation of downstream signal transduction pathways mediated by the interaction among tPA, PrPC and LRP1 in human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE2 cell line. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis reveals a consistent association between PrPC and GM1, as well as between LRP1 and GM1, indicating the existence of a glycosphingolipid-enriched multimolecular complex. In our cell model, knocking-down PrPC by siRNA impairs ERK phosphorylation induced by tPA. Moreover the alteration of the lipidic milieu of lipid rafts, perturbing the physical/functional interaction between PrPC and LRP1, inhibits this response. We show that LRP1 and PrPC , following tPA stimulation, may function as a system associated with lipid rafts, involved in receptor-mediated neuritogenic pathway. We suggest this as a multimolecular signaling complex, whose activity depends strictly on the integrity of lipid raft and is involved in the neuritogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Rieti, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Martellucci
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Rieti, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Capozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mantuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Agostina Longo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferri
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, c/o CERC, Rome, Italy
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Delle Monache S, Martellucci S, Clementi L, Pulcini F, Santilli F, Mei C, Piccoli L, Angelucci A, Mattei V. In Vitro Conditioning Determines the Capacity of Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Function as Pericyte-Like Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:695-706. [PMID: 30887879 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp has been revealed as an accessible and a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its biological potential is currently under intense investigation. MSCs from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been indicated as a heterogeneous population oriented not only in repairing dentine but also in maintaining vascular and nervous homeostasis of the teeth. We sought to verify the phenotype of cells isolated from dental pulp of young donors and to investigate in vitro their role as pericyte-like cells. Specifically, we evaluated how culture conditions can modulate expression of pericyte markers in DPSCs and their capacity to stabilize endothelial tubes in vitro. DPSCs cultured in standard conditions expressed MSC markers and demonstrated to contain a population expressing the pericyte marker NG2. These DPSCs were associated with low sprouting capacity in extra-cellular (EC) Matrix and limited ability in retaining tubes formed by endothelial cells in a coculture angiogenesis model. When cultured in endothelial growth medium (EGM)-2, DPSCs significantly upregulated NG2, and partially alpha-smooth muscle actin. The resulting population conserved the stem marker CD73, but was negative for calponin and endothelial markers. EGM-2-conditioned DPSCs showed a higher sprouting ability in EC Matrix and efficient association with human umbilical vein endothelial cells allowing the partial retention of endothelial tubes for several days. Among growth factors contained in EGM-2 we identified basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as mainly responsible for NG2 upregulation and long-term stabilization of endothelial tubes. According to the in vitro analysis, DPSCs represent an effective source of pericytes and the appropriate culture conditions could result in a population with a promising ability to stabilize vessels and promote vascular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Delle Monache
- 1 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- 1 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,2 Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas," Rieti, Italy.,3 Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Clementi
- 1 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- 1 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- 2 Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas," Rieti, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mei
- 2 Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas," Rieti, Italy
| | - Luca Piccoli
- 4 Department of Science Dentistry and Maxillofacial, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- 1 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- 2 Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas," Rieti, Italy.,3 Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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25
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Martellucci S, Santacroce C, Santilli F, Piccoli L, Delle Monache S, Angelucci A, Misasi R, Sorice M, Mattei V. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Mediated by recPrP C Involved in the Neuronal Differentiation Process of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E345. [PMID: 30654447 PMCID: PMC6358746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) represent a type of adult mesenchymal stem cells that have the ability to differentiate in vitro in several lineages such as odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and neurons. In the current work, we used hDPSCs as the experimental model to study the role of recombinant prion protein 23⁻231 (recPrPC) in the neuronal differentiation process, and in the signal pathway activation of ERK 1/2 and Akt. We demonstrated that recPrPC was able to activate an intracellular signal pathway mediated by extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt). Moreover, in order to understand whether endogenous prion protein (PrPC) was necessary to mediate the signaling induced by recPrPC, we silenced PrPC, demonstrating that the presence of endogenous PrPC was essential for ERK 1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. Since endogenous PrPC is a well-known lipid rafts component, we evaluated the role of these structures in the signal pathway induced by recPrPC. Our results suggest that lipid rafts integrity play a key role in recPrPC activity. In fact, lipid rafts inhibitors, such as fumonisin B1 and MβCD, significantly prevented ERK 1/2 and Akt phosphorylation induced by recPrPC. In addition, we investigated the capacity of recPrPC to induce hDPSCs neuronal differentiation process after long-term stimulation through the evaluation of typical neuronal markers expression such as B3-Tubulin, neurofilament-H (NFH) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43). Accordingly, when we silenced endogenous PrPC, we observed the inhibition of neuronal differentiation induced by recPrPC. The combined data suggest that recPrPC plays a key role in the neuronal differentiation process and in the activation of specific intracellular signal pathways in hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Martellucci
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas", 02100 Rieti, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Costantino Santacroce
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas", 02100 Rieti, Italy.
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas", 02100 Rieti, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Department of Science Dentistry and Maxillofacial, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas", 02100 Rieti, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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26
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Martellucci S, Manganelli V, Santacroce C, Santilli F, Piccoli L, Sorice M, Mattei V. Role of Prion protein-EGFR multimolecular complex during neuronal differentiation of human dental pulp-derived stem cells. Prion 2018; 12:117-126. [PMID: 29644924 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2018.1463797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is expressed in a wide variety of stem cells in which regulates their self-renewal as well as differentiation potential. In this study we investigated the presence of PrPC in human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) and its role in neuronal differentiation process. We show that hDPSCs expresses early PrPC at low concentration and its expression increases after two weeks of treatment with EGF/bFGF. Then, we analyzed the association of PrPC with gangliosides and EGF receptor (EGF-R) during neuronal differentiation process. PrPC associates constitutively with GM2 in control hDPSCs and with GD3 only after neuronal differentiation. Otherwise, EGF-R associates weakly in control hDPSCs and more markedly after neuronal differentiation. To analyze the functional role of PrPC in the signal pathway mediated by EGF/EGF-R, a siRNA PrP was applied to ablate PrPC and its function. The treatment with siRNA PrP significantly prevented Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by EGF. Moreover, siRNA PrP treatment significantly prevented neuronal-specific antigens expression induced by EGF/bFGF, indicating that cellular prion protein is essential for EGF/bFGF-induced hDPSCs differentiation. These results suggest that PrPC interact with EGF-R within lipid rafts, playing a role in the multimolecular signaling complexes involved in hDPSCs neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Martellucci
- a Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology - Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas" , Via Angelo Maria Ricci 35/A, Rieti , Italy.,b Department of Experimental Medicine - "Sapienza" University , Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome , Italy
| | - Valeria Manganelli
- b Department of Experimental Medicine - "Sapienza" University , Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome , Italy
| | - Costantino Santacroce
- a Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology - Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas" , Via Angelo Maria Ricci 35/A, Rieti , Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- a Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology - Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas" , Via Angelo Maria Ricci 35/A, Rieti , Italy
| | - Luca Piccoli
- c Department of Science Dentistry and Maxillofacial - "Sapienza" University , Viale Regina Elena 287/A, Rome , Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- b Department of Experimental Medicine - "Sapienza" University , Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- a Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology - Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas" , Via Angelo Maria Ricci 35/A, Rieti , Italy.,b Department of Experimental Medicine - "Sapienza" University , Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome , Italy
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27
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Neuroglobin overexpression plays a pivotal role in neuroprotection through mitochondrial raft-like microdomains in neuroblastoma SK-N-BE2 cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:167-176. [PMID: 29378245 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since stressing conditions induce a relocalization of endogenous human neuroglobin (NGB) to mitochondria, this research is aimed to evaluate the protective role of NGB overexpression against neurotoxic stimuli, through mitochondrial lipid raft-associated complexes. To this purpose, we built a neuronal model of oxidative stress by the use of human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells, SK-N-BE2, stably overexpressing NGB by transfection and treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). We preliminary observed the redistribution of NGB to mitochondria following MPP+ treatment. The analysis of mitochondrial raft-like microdomains revealed that, following MPP+ treatment, NGB translocated to raft fractions (Triton X-100-insoluble), where it interacts with ganglioside GD3. Interestingly, the administration of agents capable of perturbating microdomain before MPP+ treatment, significantly affected viability in SK-N-BE2-NGB cells. The overexpression of NGB was able to abrogate the mitochondrial injuries on complex IV activity or mitochondrial morphology induced by MPP+ administration. The protective action of NGB on mitochondria only takes place if the mitochondrial lipid(s) rafts-like microdomains are intact, indeed NGB fails to protect complex IV activity when purified mitochondria were treated with the lipid rafts disruptor methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Thus, our unique in vitro model of stably transfected cells overexpressing endogenous NGB allowed us to suggest that the role in neuroprotection played by NGB is reliable only through interaction with mitochondrial lipid raft-associated complexes.
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Qi S, Yan Y, Wen Y, Li J, Wang J, Chen F, Tang X, Shang G, Xu Y, Wang R. The effect of delta-like 1 homologue on the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28205268 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the functions of delta-like homologue 1 (DLK1) in the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), DLK1, NOTCH1 and p-ERK1/2 in the mouse first maxillary molar. Recombinant lentivirus was constructed to overexpress DLK1 stably in hDPSCs. The cell viability and proliferation of hDPSCs were examined by CCK8 and EdU incorporation assay respectively. The odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs was determined by detection of ALPase activity assay, ALP and alizarin red staining and the expression of mineralization-related genes including ALP, DSPP and dental matrix protein. The mRNA and protein levels of DLK1 and p-ERK1/2 protein expression were detected. ERK inhibitor was used to test the differentiation effect of DLK1 on hDPSCs. RESULTS Delta-like homologue 1 was highly expressed on the odontoblasts and dental pulp cells on the first maxillary molar; the expression of p-ERK1/2 is similar with the DLK1 in the same process. The expression level of DLK1 increased significantly after the odontoblastic induction of hDPSCs. DLK1 overexpression increased the proliferation ability of hDPSCs and inhibited odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs. The protein level of p-ERK1/2 significantly increased in hDPSCs/dlk1-oe group. ERK signalling pathway inhibitor reversed the odontoblastic differentiation effects of DLK1 on hDPSCs. CONCLUSIONS The proliferation of hDPSCs was promoted after DLK1 overexpression. DLK1 inhibited the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs, which maybe through ERK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengcai Qi
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wen
- Institute of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- Institute of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fubo Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoshan Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangwei Shang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Raorao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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