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Ran Q, Li A, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen H. Action and therapeutic targets of myosin light chain kinase, an important cardiovascular signaling mechanism. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107276. [PMID: 38944220 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The global incidence of cardiac diseases is increasing, imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is complex and not fully understood, and the physiological function of the heart is inextricably linked to well-regulated cardiac muscle movement. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is essential for myocardial contraction and diastole, cardiac electrophysiological homeostasis, vasoconstriction of vascular nerves and blood pressure regulation. In this sense, MLCK appears to be an attractive therapeutic target for cardiac diseases. MLCK participates in myocardial cell movement and migration through diverse pathways, including regulation of calcium homeostasis, activation of myosin light chain phosphorylation, and stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell contraction or relaxation. Recently, phosphorylation of myosin light chains has been shown to be closely associated with the activation of myocardial exercise signaling, and MLCK mediates systolic and diastolic functions of the heart through the interaction of myosin thick filaments and actin thin filaments. It works by upholding the integrity of the cytoskeleton, modifying the conformation of the myosin head, and modulating innervation. MLCK governs vasoconstriction and diastolic function and is associated with the activation of adrenergic and sympathetic nervous systems, extracellular transport, endothelial permeability, and the regulation of nitric oxide and angiotensin II. Additionally, MLCK plays a crucial role in the process of cardiac aging. Multiple natural products/phytochemicals and chemical compounds, such as quercetin, cyclosporin, and ML-7 hydrochloride, have been shown to regulate cardiomyocyte MLCK. The MLCK-modifying capacity of these compounds should be considered in designing novel therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of MLCK in the cardiovascular system and the therapeutic potential of reported chemical compounds in cardiac diseases by modifying MLCK processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Ran
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Aoshuang Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuqing Tan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100070, China.
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Hengwen Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100070, China.
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Wang Y, Ye Q, Cui Y, Wu Y, Cao S, Hu F. Impact and mechanisms of drag-reducing polymers on shear stress regulation in pulmonary hypertension. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024:CH242281. [PMID: 38905038 DOI: 10.3233/ch-242281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a refractory disease characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and resistance. Drag-reducing polymers (DRPs) are blood-soluble macromolecules that reduce vascular resistance by altering the blood dynamics and rheology. Our previous work indicated that polyethylene oxide (PEO) can significantly reduce the medial wall thickness and vascular resistance of the pulmonary arteries, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. METHODS This study was designed to investigate the role and mechanism of PEO on intracellular calcium [Ca2 +] i and cytoskeletal proteins of endothelial cells (ECs) induced by low shear stress (LSS) in PH. Primary Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells (PAECs) were subjected to steady LSS (1 dyn/cm2) or physiological shear stress (SS) (10 dyn/cm2) for 20 h in a BioFlux 200 flow system. Calcium influx assays were conducted to evaluate the mechanisms of PEO on [Ca2 +] i. Subsequently, taking the key protein that induces cytoskeletal remodeling, the regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation, as the breakthrough point, this study focused on the two key pathways of PEO that regulate phosphorylation of RLC: Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathways. RESULTS Our current research revealed that PEO at LSS (1 dyn/cm2) significantly suppressed LSS-induced [Ca2 +] i and the expression level of transient receptor potential channel 1(TRPC1). In addition, ECs convert LSS stimuli into the upregulation of cytoskeletal proteins, including filamentous actin (F-actin), MLCK, ROCK, p-RLC, and pp-RLC. Further experiments using pharmacological inhibitors demonstrated that PEO at the LSS downregulated cytoskeleton-related proteins mainly through the ROCK and MLCK pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study considered intracellular calcium and cytoskeleton rearrangement as entry points to study the application of PEO in the biomedical field, which has important theoretical significance and practical application value for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqi Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjiang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sipei Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang D, Guo Y, Zhu J, Liu F, Xue Y, Huang Y, Zhu B, Wu D, Pan H, Gong T, Lu Y, Yang Y, Wang Z. Hyaluronic acid methacrylate/pancreatic extracellular matrix as a potential 3D printing bioink for constructing islet organoids. Acta Biomater 2022:S1742-7061(22)00375-0. [PMID: 35803504 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation has poor long-term efficacy because of the lack of extracellular matrix support and neovascularization; this limits its wide application in diabetes research. In this study, we develop a 3D-printed islet organoid by combining a pancreatic extracellular matrix (pECM) and hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) as specific bioinks. The HAMA/pECM hydrogel was validated in vitro to maintain islet cell adhesion and morphology through the Rac1/ROCK/MLCK signaling pathway, which helps improve islet function and activity. Further, in vivo experiments confirmed that the 3D-printed islet-encapsulated HAMA/pECM hydrogel increases insulin levels in diabetic mice, maintains blood glucose levels within a normal range for 90 days, and rapidly secretes insulin in response to blood glucose stimulation. In addition, the HAMA/pECM hydrogel can facilitate the attachment and growth of new blood vessels and increase the density of new vessels. Meanwhile, the designed 3D-printed structure was conducive to the formation of vascular networks and it promoted the construction of 3D-printed islet organoids. In conclusion, our experiments optimized the HAMA/pECM bioink composition and 3D-printed structure of islet organoids with promising therapeutic effects compared with the HAMA hydrogel group that can be potentially used in clinical applications to improve the effectiveness and safety of islet transplantation in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The extraction process of pancreatic islets can easily cause damage to the extracellular matrix and vascular system, resulting in poor islet transplantation efficiency. We developed a new tissue-specific bioink by combining pancreatic extracellular matrix (pECM) and hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA). The islet organoids constructed by 3D printing can mimic the microenvironment of the pancreas and maintain islet cell adhesion and morphology through the Rac1/ROCK/MLCK signaling pathway, thereby improving islet function and activity. In addition, the 3D-printed structures we designed are favorable for the formation of new blood vessel networks, bringing hope for the long-term efficacy of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Yibing Guo
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Biwen Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Haopeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Tiancheng Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Yuhua Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China.
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, China.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China.
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Gong Y, Yang J, Wei S, Yang R, Gao L, Shao S, Zhao J. Lipotoxicity suppresses the synthesis of growth hormone in pituitary somatotrophs via endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5250-5259. [PMID: 33943005 PMCID: PMC8178284 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity has been shown to cause dysfunction of many organs and tissues. However, it is unclear whether lipotoxicity is harmful to the somatotrophs, a kind of cell that synthesize growth hormone (GH) in the pituitary. In this study, we performed an epidemiological study, serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and GH showed a negative correlation, even after adjustment for potential confounders. In an animal study, male Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a control diet for 28 weeks. HFD rats showed impaired GH synthesis, resulting in a decrease in circulating GH levels. The expression of pituitary Pit‐1, a key transcription factor of GH, was inhibited. We found that the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) pathway of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was triggered in HFD rat pituitary glands and palmitic acid‐treated GH3 cells, respectively. On the contrary, applying 4‐phenyl butyric acid (4‐PBA) to alleviate ER stress or 4µ8c to specifically block the IRE1α pathway attenuated the impairment of both Pit‐1 and GH expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated that lipotoxicity directly inhibits the synthesis of GH, probably by reducing Pit‐1 expression. The IRE1α signaling pathway of ER stress may play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmei Yang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuoshuo Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Experimental Animal Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Wang P, Dreger M, Madrazo E, Williams CJ, Samaniego R, Hodson NW, Monroy F, Baena E, Sánchez-Mateos P, Hurlstone A, Redondo-Muñoz J. WDR5 modulates cell motility and morphology and controls nuclear changes induced by a 3D environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8581-8586. [PMID: 29987046 PMCID: PMC6112728 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719405115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration through extracellular matrices requires nuclear deformation, which depends on nuclear stiffness. In turn, chromatin structure contributes to nuclear stiffness, but the mechanosensing pathways regulating chromatin during cell migration remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5), an essential component of H3K4 methyltransferase complexes, regulates cell polarity, nuclear deformability, and migration of lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo, independent of transcriptional activity, suggesting nongenomic functions for WDR5. Similarly, depletion of RbBP5 (another H3K4 methyltransferase subunit) promotes similar defects. We reveal that a 3D environment increases the H3K4 methylation dependent on WDR5 and results in a globally less compacted chromatin conformation. Further, using atomic force microscopy, nuclear particle tracking, and nuclear swelling experiments, we detect changes in nuclear mechanics that accompany the epigenetic changes induced in 3D conditions. Indeed, nuclei from cells in 3D environments were softer, and thereby more deformable, compared with cells in suspension or cultured in 2D conditions, again dependent on WDR5. Dissecting the underlying mechanism, we determined that actomyosin contractility, through the phosphorylation of myosin by MLCK (myosin light chain kinase), controls the interaction of WDR5 with other components of the methyltransferase complex, which in turn up-regulates H3K4 methylation activation in 3D conditions. Taken together, our findings reveal a nongenomic function for WDR5 in regulating H3K4 methylation induced by 3D environments, physical properties of the nucleus, cell polarity, and cell migratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Wang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, United Kingdom
- Prostate Oncobiology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, SK10 4TG Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Dreger
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Madrazo
- Section of Immuno-oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Complutense University, School of Medicine, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Complutense University, School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Craig J Williams
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Samaniego
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nigel W Hodson
- BioAFM Facility, The University of Manchester, M13 9PG Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Monroy
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Baena
- Prostate Oncobiology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, SK10 4TG Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Mateos
- Section of Immuno-oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Complutense University, School of Medicine, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Redondo-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Complutense University, School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Xue A, Lin J, Que C, Yu Y, Tu C, Chen H, Liu B, Zhao X, Wang T, Ma K, Li L. Aberrant endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates coronary artery spasm through regulating MLCK/MLC2 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:321-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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