1
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Qiao P, Zhang C, Shi Y, Du H. The role of alternative polyadenylation in breast cancer. Front Genet 2024; 15:1377275. [PMID: 38939531 PMCID: PMC11208690 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1377275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), as a highly prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, is still unclear in its pathogenesis and has poor therapeutic outcomes. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism widely found in eukaryotes. Precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) undergoes the APA process to generate multiple mRNA isoforms with different coding regions or 3'UTRs, thereby greatly increasing the diversity and complexity of the eukaryotic transcriptome and proteome. Studies have shown that APA is involved in the progression of various diseases, including cancer, and plays a crucial role. Therefore, clarifying the biological mechanisms of APA and its regulators in breast cancer will help to comprehensively understand the pathogenesis of breast cancer and provide new ideas for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qiao
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yingxu Shi
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hua Du
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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2
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Xudong X, Heng L, Benchao C, Wenjie C, Bao L, Gaofeng L. Integrated RNA expression and alternative polyadenylation analysis identified CPSF1-CCDC137 oncogenic axis in lung adenocarcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2405-2416. [PMID: 38174951 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the RNA expression and alternative polyadenylation (APA) events and identify APA tuned genes with prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Genome-wide RNA expression profile and APA events were acquired in LUAD cancer and normal samples in GSE197346. Comparative analysis screened common deregulated genes and transcripts. All 11 and 19 transcripts were up and down expressed and polyadenylated in cancer samples, respectively. Clinical analysis found eight genes with prognostic significance, such as coiled-coil domain containing 137 (CCDC137). Role of CCDC137 in LUAD was first reported in this study. The cellular and animal experiments indicated that downregulated CCDC137 suppressed the malignant tumor phenotype and tumor growth in LUAD. Then, to identify APA regulators for elevated CCDC137, we analyzed the expression of 26 APA regulators in GSE197346 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and found 4 differential regulators: CPSF1, CELF2, NUDT21, and ELAVL1. At last, the correlation of eight genes with four differential APA regulators was analyzed, and CPSF1 showed a strong positive correlation with CCDC137. Based on the above results, we propose an oncogenic axis of CPSF1-CCDC137 in LUAD. This study first constructed a polyadenylation tuned RNA expression map in LUAD, and the proposed oncogenic axis of CPSF1-CCDC137 would shed light on the pathogenesis of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xudong
- No.2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Heng
- No.2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chen Benchao
- No.2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chen Wenjie
- No.2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Bao
- No.2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Gaofeng
- No.2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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3
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Zhang P, Xue B, Yang H, Zhang L. Transcriptome Responses to Different Salinity Conditions in Litoditis marina, Revealed by Long-Read Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:317. [PMID: 38540376 PMCID: PMC10970011 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The marine nematode Litoditis marina is widely distributed in intertidal zones around the globe, yet the mechanisms underlying its broad adaptation to salinity remain elusive. In this study, we applied ONT long-read sequencing technology to unravel the transcriptome responses to different salinity conditions in L. marina. Through ONT sequencing under 3‱, 30‱ and 60‱ salinity environments, we obtained 131.78 G clean data and 26,647 non-redundant long-read transcripts, including 6464 novel transcripts. The DEGs obtained from the current ONT lrRNA-seq were highly correlated with those identified in our previously reported Illumina short-read RNA sequencing data. When we compared the 30‱ to the 3‱ salinity condition, we found that GO terms such as oxidoreductase activity, cation transmembrane transport and ion transmembrane transport were shared between the ONT lrRNA-seq and Illumina data. Similarly, GO terms including extracellular space, structural constituents of cuticle, substrate-specific channel activity, ion transport and substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity were shared between the ONT and Illumina data under 60‱ compared to 30‱ salinity. In addition, we found that 79 genes significantly increased, while 119 genes significantly decreased, as the salinity increased. Furthermore, through the GO enrichment analysis of 214 genes containing DAS, in 30‱ compared to 3‱ salinity, we found that GO terms such as cellular component assembly and coenzyme biosynthetic process were enriched. Additionally, we observed that GO terms such as cellular component assembly and coenzyme biosynthetic process were also enriched in 60‱ compared to 30‱ salinity. Moreover, we found that 86, 125, and 81 genes that contained DAS were also DEGs, in comparisons between 30‱ and 3‱, 60‱ and 30‱, and 60‱ and 3‱ salinity, respectively. In addition, we demonstrated the landscape of alternative polyadenylation in marine nematode under different salinity conditions This report provides several novel insights for the further study of the mechanisms by which euryhalinity formed and evolved, and it might also contribute to the investigation of salinity dynamics induced by global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchi Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beining Xue
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanwen Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liusuo Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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4
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Karami Fath M, Akhavan Masouleh R, Afifi N, Loghmani S, Tamimi P, Fazeli A, Mousavian SA, Falsafi MM, Barati G. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway modulation by circular RNAs in breast cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154279. [PMID: 36584499 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is responsible for many cellular behaviors, including survival, growth, and proliferation. A newly identified RNA, circular RNA (circRNA), plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. The upregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway through dysregulated circRNAs promotes breast tumor initiation, growth, and progression. The dysregulation of PI3K/Akt-regulating circRNAs seems to be directly correlated with breast cancer clinical features, including overall survival, tumor size, cancer stage, and lymph node metastasis. In addition, targeting these circRNAs may be a promising option in cancer-targeted therapy. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of the circRNA-PI3K/AKT axis may give the insight to develop new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for breast cancer therapy. Here we reviewed the expression and functions of PI3K/AKT-regulating circRNAs, and their correlation with breast cancer clinical features. In addition, the potential of PI3K/AKT-regulating circRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Negin Afifi
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm Branch, Qeshm, Iran
| | - Shirin Loghmani
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parham Tamimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavian
- Pharmacy Department, EMU(Eastern Mediterranean University), Famagusta, North Cyprus, Republic of Cyprus
| | | | - Ghasem Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Kaczmarek Michaels K, Mohd Mostafa S, Ruiz Capella J, Moore CL. Regulation of alternative polyadenylation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by histone H3K4 and H3K36 methyltransferases. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:5407-5425. [PMID: 32356874 PMCID: PMC7261179 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjusting DNA structure via epigenetic modifications, and altering polyadenylation (pA) sites at which precursor mRNA is cleaved and polyadenylated, allows cells to quickly respond to environmental stress. Since polyadenylation occurs co-transcriptionally, and specific patterns of nucleosome positioning and chromatin modifications correlate with pA site usage, epigenetic factors potentially affect alternative polyadenylation (APA). We report that the histone H3K4 methyltransferase Set1, and the histone H3K36 methyltransferase Set2, control choice of pA site in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a powerful model for studying evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic processes. Deletion of SET1 or SET2 causes an increase in serine-2 phosphorylation within the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and in the recruitment of the cleavage/polyadenylation complex, both of which could cause the observed switch in pA site usage. Chemical inhibition of TOR signaling, which causes nutritional stress, results in Set1- and Set2-dependent APA. In addition, Set1 and Set2 decrease efficiency of using single pA sites, and control nucleosome occupancy around pA sites. Overall, our study suggests that the methyltransferases Set1 and Set2 regulate APA induced by nutritional stress, affect the RNAP II C-terminal domain phosphorylation at Ser2, and control recruitment of the 3′ end processing machinery to the vicinity of pA sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaczmarek Michaels
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Salwa Mohd Mostafa
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.,Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Julia Ruiz Capella
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Claire L Moore
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.,Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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6
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Sommerova L, Ondrouskova E, Martisova A, Zoumpourlis V, Galtsidis S, Hrstka R. ZEB1/miR-200c/AGR2: A New Regulatory Loop Modulating the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Adenocarcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061614. [PMID: 32570918 PMCID: PMC7352583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process involved not only in morphogenesis and embryonic development, but also in cancer progression, whereby tumor cells obtain a more aggressive metastatic phenotype. Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) maintains the epithelial phenotype and blocks the induction of EMT, thus playing an undeniable role in tumor progression. However, the mechanism through which AGR2 expression is regulated, not only during EMT, but also in the early stages of cancer development, remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we show an inverse correlation of AGR2 with ZEB1 (zinc finger enhancer binding protein, δEF1) that was verified by analysis of several independent clinical data sets of lung adenocarcinomas. We also identified the ZEB1 binding site within the AGR2 promoter region and confirmed AGR2 as a novel molecular target of ZEB1. The overexpression of ZEB1 decreased the promoter activity of the AGR2 gene, which resulted in reduced AGR2 protein level and the acquisition of a more invasive phenotype of these lung cancer cells. Conversely, silencing of ZEB1 led not only to increased levels of AGR2 protein, but also attenuated the invasiveness of tumor cells. The AGR2 knockout, vice versa, increased ZEB1 expression, indicating that the ZEB1/AGR2 regulatory axis may function in a double negative feedback loop. In conclusion, we revealed for the first time that ZEB1 regulates AGR2 at the transcriptional level, while AGR2 presence contributes to ZEB1 mRNA degradation. Thus, our data identify a new regulatory mechanism between AGR2 and ZEB1, two rivals in the EMT process, tightly associated with the development of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sommerova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (E.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Eva Ondrouskova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (E.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Martisova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (E.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, NHRF 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sotirios Galtsidis
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, Biotech 1, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (E.O.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-543-133-306
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7
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Xiu B, Chi Y, Liu L, Chi W, Zhang Q, Chen J, Guo R, Si J, Li L, Xue J, Shao ZM, Wu ZH, Huang S, Wu J. LINC02273 drives breast cancer metastasis by epigenetically increasing AGR2 transcription. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:187. [PMID: 31856843 PMCID: PMC6921600 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of breast cancer patients die of metastasis rather than primary tumors, whereas the molecular mechanisms orchestrating cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been shown to regulate cancer occurrence and progression. However, the lncRNAs that drive metastasis in cancer patients and their underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. METHODS lncRNAs highly expressed in metastatic lymph nodes were identified by microarray. Survival analysis were made by Kaplan-Meier method. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assay was performed to confirm the phenotype of LINC02273. Tail vein model and mammary fat pad model were used for in vivo study. RNA pull-down and RIP assay were used to confirm the interaction of hnRNPL and LINC02273. Chromatin isolation by RNA purification followed by sequencing (ChIRP-seq), RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and luciferase reporter assay reveal hnRNPL-LINC02273 regulates AGR2. Antisense oligonucleotides were used for in vivo treatment. RESULTS We identified a novel long noncoding RNA LINC02273, whose expression was significantly elevated in metastatic lesions compared to the primary tumors, by genetic screen of matched tumor samples. Increased LINC02273 promoted breast cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We further showed that LINC02273 was stabilized by hnRNPL, a protein increased in metastatic lesions, in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, hnRNPL-LINC02273 formed a complex which activated AGR2 transcription and promoted cancer metastasis. The recruitment of hnRNPL-LINC02273 complex to AGR2 promoter region epigenetically upregulated AGR2 by augmenting local H3K4me3 and H3K27ac levels. Combination of AGR2 and LINC02273 was an independent prognostic factor for predicting breast cancer patient survival. Moreover, our data revealed that LINC02273-targeting antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) substantially inhibited breast cancer metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover a key role of LINC02273-hnRNPL-AGR2 axis in breast cancer metastasis and provide potential novel therapeutic targets for metastatic breast cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiu Xiu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yayun Chi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Weiru Chi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiajian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Si
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingyan Xue
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Li J, Hu J, Luo Z, Zhou C, Huang L, Zhang H, Chi J, Chen Z, Li Q, Deng M, Chen J, Tao K, Wang G, Wang L, Wang Z. AGR2 is controlled by DNMT3a-centered signaling module and mediates tumor resistance to 5-Aza in colorectal cancer. Exp Cell Res 2019; 385:111644. [PMID: 31614132 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human anterior gradient-2 (AGR2), a member of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, is upregulated in various human cancers and reportedly has oncogenic activities. However, the functional roles of AGR2 and its regulation in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Here, we showed that AGR2 promoted CRC tumorigenesis and progression in vitro and in vivo and acted as an independent prognostic factor of poor outcome. AGR2 was negatively regulated by DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) through directly methylating AGR2 promoter and by a DNMT3a-SPRY2-miR-194 axis. Moreover, AGR2 mediated the resistance to 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) treatment. Knockdown of AGR2 improved the therapeutic effect of 5-Aza in human CRC xenograft tumor model. Thus, our work supports AGR2's oncogenic role in CRC, reveals DNMT3a-mediated epigenetic modulation on AGR2 promoter, and uncovers a new DNMT3a signaling module controlling expression of AGR2. Upregulated AGR2 offset 5-Aza mediated epigenetic therapy. This work might provide potential targets for clinical anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Caihong Zhou
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lifeng Huang
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiangyang Chi
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Meizhou Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junhua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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9
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Martisova A, Sommerova L, Kuricova K, Podhorec J, Vojtesek B, Kankova K, Hrstka R. AGR2 silencing contributes to metformin-dependent sensitization of colorectal cancer cells to chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4964-4973. [PMID: 31612008 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing epidemiological evidence indicating an association between diabetes mellitus and the increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). The preferred initial and most widely used pharmacological agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is metformin, which in parallel reduces the risk of CRC and improves patient prognosis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) appears to be tightly associated with the beneficial metabolic effects of metformin, serving as a cellular energy sensor activated in response to a variety of conditions that deplete cellular energy levels. Such conditions include nutrient starvation (particularly glucose), hypoxia and exposure to toxins that inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of metformin on CRC cell lines, with different levels of anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) expression, exposed to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin, alone or in combination with metformin. AGR2 has recently emerged as a factor involved in colon carcinogenesis. In AGR2-knockout cells, markedly higher levels of phosphorylated-AMPK were observed in comparison with control cells transfected with GFP-scrambled guide RNA, which indicated that the presence of AGR2 may interfere with the metformin-dependent activation of AMPK. In addition, metformin in combination with 5-FU and oxaliplatin induced ROS production and attenuated autophagy. This effect was enhanced in AGR2-knockout cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Martisova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Sommerova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kuricova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Podhorec
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kankova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
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Tiemann K, Garri C, Lee SB, Malihi PD, Park M, Alvarez RM, Yap LP, Mallick P, Katz JE, Gross ME, Kani K. Loss of ER retention motif of AGR2 can impact mTORC signaling and promote cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 38:3003-3018. [PMID: 30575818 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, which plays a role in the regulation of protein homeostasis and the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR). AGR2 has also been characterized as a proto-oncogene and a potential cancer biomarker. Cellular localization of AGR2 is emerging as a key component for understanding the role of AGR2 as a proto-oncogene. Here, we provide evidence that extracellular AGR2 (eAGR2) promotes tumor metastasis in various in vivo models. To further characterize the role of the intracellular-resident versus extracellular protein, we performed a comprehensive protein-protein interaction screen. Based on these results, we identify AGR2 as an interacting partner of the mTORC2 pathway. Importantly, our data indicates that eAGR2 promotes increased phosphorylation of RICTOR (T1135), while intracellular AGR2 (iAGR2) antagonizes its levels and phosphorylation. Localization of AGR2 also has opposing effects on the Hippo pathway, spheroid formation, and response to chemotherapy in vitro. Collectively, our results identify disparate phenotypes predicated on AGR2 localization. Our findings also provide credence for screening of eAGR2 to guide therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Tiemann
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolina Garri
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paymaneh D Malihi
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mincheol Park
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruth M Alvarez
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Peng Yap
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parag Mallick
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan E Katz
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell E Gross
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kian Kani
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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