1
|
Zhang H, Zhong L, Wang M, Wan P, Chu X, Chen S, Zhou Z, Shao X, Liu B. p110CUX1 promotes acute myeloid leukemia progression via regulating pyridoxal phosphatase expression and activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024. [PMID: 38994801 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, Cut-like homeobox 1 (CUX1) plays crucial roles in embryonic and nervous system development, cell differentiation, and DNA damage repair. One of its major isoforms, p110CUX1, exhibits stable DNA binding capabilities and contributes to the regulation of cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and invasion. While p110CUX1 has been implicated in the progression of various malignant tumors, its involvement in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains uncertain. This study aims to elucidate the role of p110CUX1 in AML. Our findings reveal heightened expression levels of both p110CUX1 and pyridoxal phosphatase (PDXP) in AML cell lines. Overexpression of p110CUX1 promotes AML cell proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis and differentiation, whereas knockdown of PDXP yields contrasting effects. Mechanistically, p110CUX1 appears to facilitate AML development by upregulating PDXP expression and activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Animal experimental corroborate the pro-AML effect of p110CUX1. These results provide experimental evidence supporting the involvement of the p110CUX1-PDXP-PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in AML progression. Hence, targeting p110CUX1 may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Chu
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eriksson I, Öllinger K. Lysosomes in Cancer-At the Crossroad of Good and Evil. Cells 2024; 13:459. [PMID: 38474423 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it has been known for decades that lysosomes are central for degradation and recycling in the cell, their pivotal role as nutrient sensing signaling hubs has recently become of central interest. Since lysosomes are highly dynamic and in constant change regarding content and intracellular position, fusion/fission events allow communication between organelles in the cell, as well as cell-to-cell communication via exocytosis of lysosomal content and release of extracellular vesicles. Lysosomes also mediate different forms of regulated cell death by permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane and release of their content to the cytosol. In cancer cells, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy are increased to support the increased metabolism and allow growth even under nutrient- and oxygen-poor conditions. Tumor cells also induce exocytosis of lysosomal content to the extracellular space to promote invasion and metastasis. However, due to the enhanced lysosomal function, cancer cells are often more susceptible to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, providing an alternative strategy to induce cell death. This review summarizes the current knowledge of cancer-associated alterations in lysosomal structure and function and illustrates how lysosomal exocytosis and release of extracellular vesicles affect disease progression. We focus on functional differences depending on lysosomal localization and the regulation of intracellular transport, and lastly provide insight how new therapeutic strategies can exploit the power of the lysosome and improve cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Eriksson
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu J, Xiong Y, Xu Z, Xing H, Zhou L, Zhang X. From targeted therapy to a novel way: Immunogenic cell death in lung cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1102550. [PMID: 36619616 PMCID: PMC9816397 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most incident malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Common tumorigenic drivers of LC mainly include genetic alterations of EGFR, ALK, KRAS, BRAF, ROS1, and MET. Small inhibitory molecules and antibodies selectively targeting these alterations or/and their downstream signaling pathways have been approved for treatment of LC. Unfortunately, following initial positive responses to these targeted therapies, a large number of patients show dismal prognosis due to the occurrence of resistance mechanisms, such as novel mutations of these genes and activation of alternative signaling pathways. Over the past decade, it has become clear that there is no possible cure for LC unless potent antitumor immune responses are induced by therapeutic intervention. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a newly emerged concept, a form of regulated cell death that is sufficient to activate adaptive immune responses against tumor cells. It transforms dying cancer cells into a therapeutic vaccine and stimulates long-lasting protective antitumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the key targetable genetic aberrations and the underlying mechanism of ICD in LC. Various agents inducing ICD are summarized and the possibility of harnessing ICD in LC immunotherapy is further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiyi Xiong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongquan Xing
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- International Education College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Lingyun Zhou,
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Xinyi Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du X, Ding L, Huang S, Li F, Yan Y, Tang R, Ding X, Zhu Z, Wang W. Cathepsin L promotes chemresistance to neuroblastoma by modulating serglycin. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:920022. [PMID: 36133820 PMCID: PMC9484481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.920022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CTSL), a lysosomal acid cysteine protease, is found to play a critical role in chemosencitivity and tumor progression. However, the potential roles and molecular mechanisms of CTSL in chemoresistance in neuroblastoma (NB) are still unclear. In this study, the correlation between clinical characteristics, survival and CTSL expression were assessed in Versteeg dataset. The chemoresistant to cisplatin or doxorubicin was detected using CCK-8 assay. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of CTSL, multi-drug resistance proteins, autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins in NB cells while knocking down CTSL. Lysosome staining was analyzed to access the expression levels of lysosomes in NB cells. The expression of apoptosis markers was analyzed with immunofluorescence. Various datasets were analyzed to find the potential protein related to CTSL. In addition, a subcutaneous tumor xenografts model in M-NSG mice was used to assess tumor response to CTSL inhibition in vivo. Based on the validation dataset (Versteeg), we confirmed that CTSL served as a prognostic marker for poor clinical outcome in NB patients. We further found that the expression level of CTSL was higher in SK-N-BE (2) cells than in IMR-32 cells. Knocking down CTSL reversed the chemoresistance in SK-N-BE (2) cells. Furthermore, combination of CTSL inhibition and chemotherapy potently blocked tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, CTSL promoted chemoresistance in NB cells by up-regulating multi-drug resistance protein ABCB1 and ABCG2, inhibiting the autophagy level and cell apoptpsis. Furthermore, we observed six datasets and found that Serglycin (SRGN) expression was positively associated with CTSL expresssion. CTSL could mediate chemoresistance by up-regulating SRGN expression in NB cells and SRGN expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis of NB patients. Taken together, our findings indicate that the CTSL promotes chemoresistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin by up-regulating the expression of multi-drug resistance proteins and inhibiting the autophagy level and cell apoptosis in NB cells. Thus, CTSL may be a therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistant to cisplatin and doxorubicin in NB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Leyun Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shungen Huang
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruze Tang
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjuan Wang, ; Xinyuan Ding, ; Zengyan Zhu,
| | - Zengyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjuan Wang, ; Xinyuan Ding, ; Zengyan Zhu,
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjuan Wang, ; Xinyuan Ding, ; Zengyan Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kos J, Mitrović A, Perišić Nanut M, Pišlar A. Lysosomal peptidases – Intriguing roles in cancer progression and neurodegeneration. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:708-738. [PMID: 35067006 PMCID: PMC8972049 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal peptidases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting waste proteins that are targeted to lysosomes via endocytosis and autophagy. Besides intracellular protein catabolism, they play more specific roles in several other cellular processes and pathologies, either within lysosomes, upon secretion into the cell cytoplasm or extracellular space, or bound to the plasma membrane. In cancer, lysosomal peptidases are generally associated with disease progression, as they participate in crucial processes leading to changes in cell morphology, signaling, migration, and invasion, and finally metastasis. However, they can also enhance the mechanisms resulting in cancer regression, such as apoptosis of tumor cells or antitumor immune responses. Lysosomal peptidases have also been identified as hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration, playing roles in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal intercellular communication, dysregulated trafficking, and the deposition of protein aggregates in neuronal cells. Furthermore, deficiencies in lysosomal peptidases may result in other pathological states, such as lysosomal storage disease. The aim of this review was to highlight the role of lysosomal peptidases in particular pathological processes of cancer and neurodegeneration and to address the potential of lysosomal peptidases in diagnosing and treating patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Milica Perišić Nanut
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bartolacci C, Andreani C, El-Gammal Y, Scaglioni PP. Lipid Metabolism Regulates Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis in RAS-Driven Cancers: A Perspective on Cancer Progression and Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:706650. [PMID: 34485382 PMCID: PMC8415548 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.706650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HRAS, NRAS and KRAS, collectively referred to as oncogenic RAS, are the most frequently mutated driver proto-oncogenes in cancer. Oncogenic RAS aberrantly rewires metabolic pathways promoting the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, lipids have gained increasing attention serving critical biological roles as building blocks for cellular membranes, moieties for post-translational protein modifications, signaling molecules and substrates for ß-oxidation. However, thus far, the understanding of lipid metabolism in cancer has been hampered by the lack of sensitive analytical platforms able to identify and quantify such complex molecules and to assess their metabolic flux in vitro and, even more so, in primary tumors. Similarly, the role of ROS in RAS-driven cancer cells has remained elusive. On the one hand, ROS are beneficial to the development and progression of precancerous lesions, by upregulating survival and growth factor signaling, on the other, they promote accumulation of oxidative by-products that decrease the threshold of cancer cells to undergo ferroptosis. Here, we overview the recent advances in the study of the relation between RAS and lipid metabolism, in the context of different cancer types. In particular, we will focus our attention on how lipids and oxidative stress can either promote or sensitize to ferroptosis RAS driven cancers. Finally, we will explore whether this fine balance could be modulated for therapeutic gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pier Paolo Scaglioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Y, Ni H, Yang D, Niu Y, Chen K, Xu J, Wang F, Tang S, Shi Y, Zhang H, Hu J, Xia D, Wu Y. Driver and novel genes correlated with metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer: A comprehensive analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153551. [PMID: 34298439 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although mutations of genes are crucial events in tumorigenesis and development, the association between gene mutations and lung cancer metastasis is still largely unknown. The goal of this study is to identify driver and novel genes associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis. Candidate genes were identified using a novel comprehensive analysis, which was based on bioinformatics technology and meta-analysis. Firstly, EGFR, KRAS, ALK, TP53, BRAF and PIK3CA were identified as candidate driver genes. Further meta-analysis identified that EGFR (Pooled OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19, 1.50; P < .001) and ALK (Pooled OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.22, 1.89; P < .001) mutations were associated with distant metastasis of NSCLC. Besides, ALK (Pooled OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.71, 3.38; P < .001) mutation was associated with lymph node metastasis of NSCLC. In addition, thirteen novel gene mutations were identified to be correlated with NSCLC metastasis, including SMARCA1, GGCX, KIF24, LRRK1, LILRA4, OR2T10, EDNRB, NR1H4, ARID4A, PRKCI, PABPC5, ACAN and TLN1. Furthermore, elevated mRNA expression level of SMARCA1 and EDNRB was associated with poor overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), respectively. Additionally, pathway and protein-protein interactions network analyses found the two genes were correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. In conclusion, mutations of EGFR and ALK were significantly correlated with NSCLC metastasis. In addition, thirteen novel genes were identified to be associated with NSCLC metastasis, especially SMARCA1 in LUAD and EDNRB in LUSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Heng Ni
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dexin Yang
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuequn Niu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kelie Chen
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinming Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Song Tang
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
CUX1 Enhances Pancreatic Cancer Formation by Synergizing with KRAS and Inducing MEK/ERK-Dependent Proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102462. [PMID: 34070180 PMCID: PMC8158495 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In pancreatic cancer, CUX1 acts as an important mediator of tumor cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Using two different mouse models for the prevalent CUX1 isoforms p200 and p110, we identified p110 CUX1 as the major isoform promoting pancreatic cancer formation in the context of mutant KRAS. We could show an enhanced proliferation by activating and potentiating MEK-ERK signaling via an increased upstream activation of the ADAM17-EGFR axis. This strengthened activation in a KRAS-dependent manner, leading to a dramatically more accelerated formation of invasive PDAC in p110 CUX1 mice within 4 weeks. These results provide the first in vivo evidence for the importance of CUX1 in the development of pancreatic cancer, and highlight CUX1-dependent signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets. Abstract The transcription factor CUX1 has been implicated in either tumor suppression or progression, depending on the cancer entity and the prevalent CUX1 isoform. Previously, we could show that CUX1 acts as an important mediator of tumor cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines. However, in vivo evidence for its impact on pancreatic carcinogenesis, isoform-specific effects and downstream signaling cascades are missing. We crossbred two different CUX1 isoform mouse models (p200 CUX1 and p110 CUX1) with KC (KrasLSL-G12D/+; Ptf1aCre/+) mice, a genetic model for pancreatic precursor lesions (PanIN). In the context of oncogenic KRASs, both mice KCCux1p200 and KCCux1p110 led to increased PanIN formation and development of invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomata (PDAC). In KCCux1p110 mice, tumor development was dramatically more accelerated, leading to formation of invasive PDAC within 4 weeks. In vitro and in vivo, we could show that CUX1 enhanced proliferation by activating MEK-ERK signaling via an upstream increase of ADAM17 protein, which in turn led to an activation of EGFR. Additionally, CUX1 further enhanced MEK-ERK activation through upregulation of the serine/threonine kinase MOS, phosphorylating MEK in a KRAS-independent manner. We identified p110 CUX1 as major driver of pancreatic cancer formation in the context of mutant KRAS. These results provide the first in vivo evidence for the importance of CUX1 in the development of pancreatic cancer, and highlight the importance of CUX1-dependent signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Z, Yue P, Lu T, Wang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. Role of lysosomes in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:79. [PMID: 33990205 PMCID: PMC8120021 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long known as digestive organelles, lysosomes have now emerged as multifaceted centers responsible for degradation, nutrient sensing, and immunity. Growing evidence also implicates role of lysosome-related mechanisms in pathologic process. In this review, we discuss physiological function of lysosomes and, more importantly, how the homeostasis of lysosomes is disrupted in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors. In atherosclerosis and Gaucher disease, dysfunction of lysosomes changes cytokine secretion from macrophages, partially through inflammasome activation. In neurodegenerative diseases, defect autophagy facilitates accumulation of toxic protein and dysfunctional organelles leading to neuron death. Lysosomal dysfunction has been demonstrated in pathology of pancreatitis. Abnormal autophagy activation or inhibition has been revealed in autoimmune disorders. In tumor microenvironment, malignant phenotypes, including tumorigenesis, growth regulation, invasion, drug resistance, and radiotherapy resistance, of tumor cells and behaviors of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and T cells are also mediated by lysosomes. Based on these findings, a series of therapeutic methods targeting lysosomal proteins and processes have been developed from bench to bedside. In a word, present researches corroborate lysosomes to be pivotal organelles for understanding pathology of atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, and lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiao L, Mao Y, Tong Z, Zhao Y, Hong H, Wang F. Radiation exposure triggers the malignancy of non‑small cell lung cancer cells through the activation of visfatin/Snail signaling. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:1153-1161. [PMID: 33432364 PMCID: PMC7859998 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that one-half of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergo radiotherapy worldwide. However, the outcome of radiotherapy alone is not always satisfactory. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of radiotherapy on the malignancy of NSCLC cells. It was demonstrated that radiation therapy could increase the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro. Moreover, the upregulation of visfatin, a 52-kDa adipokine, mediated radiation-induced cell motility. A neutralizing antibody specific for visfatin blocked radiation-induced cell migration. Radiation and visfatin induced the expression of Snail, a key molecule that regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, visfatin positively regulated the mRNA stability of Snail in NSCLC cells, but had no effect on its protein degradation. This may be explained by visfatin-mediated downregulation of microRNA (miR)-34a, which was shown to bind the 3′ untranslated region of Snail mRNA to promote its decay. Collectively, these findings suggested that radiation could induce cell motility in NSCLC cells through visfatin/Snail signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Mao
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Zhuting Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Integrative p53, micro-RNA and Cathepsin Protease Co-Regulatory Expression Networks in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113454. [PMID: 33233599 PMCID: PMC7699684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This article describes an emerging area of significant interest in cancer and cell death and the relationships shared by these through the transcriptional regulation of cathepsin protease genes by micro-RNAs that are connected to p53 activation. While it has been demonstrated that the p53 protein can directly regulate some cathepsin genes and the expression of their upstream regulatory micro-RNAs, very little is known about what input the p53 isoform proteins may have in regulating this relationship. Herein, we draw attention to this important regulatory aspect in the context of describing mechanisms that are being established for the micro-RNA regulation of cathepsin protease genes and their collective use in diagnostic or prognostic assays. Abstract As the direct regulatory role of p53 and some of its isoform proteins are becoming established in modulating gene expression in cancer research, another aspect of this mode of gene regulation that has captured significant interest over the years is the mechanistic interplay between p53 and micro-RNA transcriptional regulation. The input of this into modulating gene expression for some of the cathepsin family members has been viewed as carrying noticeable importance based on their biological effects during normal cellular homeostasis and cancer progression. While this area is still in its infancy in relation to general cathepsin gene regulation, we review the current p53-regulated micro-RNAs that are generating significant interest through their regulation of cathepsin proteases, thereby strengthening the link between activated p53 forms and cathepsin gene regulation. Additionally, we extend our understanding of this developing relationship to how such micro-RNAs are being utilized as diagnostic or prognostic tools and highlight their future uses in conjunction with cathepsin gene expression as potential biomarkers within a clinical setting.
Collapse
|
12
|
Feng C, Wang J, Yang X, Zang X, Zhou H, Zhang E, Li H, Liu B, Chen S, Wang Y, Wang P, Gao L, Liu J. Construction and Characterization of KRAS Immune Lipid Magnetic Balls for Colorectal Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10067-10075. [PMID: 33116863 PMCID: PMC7568589 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s258565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize a lipid magnetic ball modified with KRAS antibodies on the surface and to isolate circulating tumor cells of colorectal cancer with KRAS mutations. Methods The microemulsion method was used to form lipid bilayers to encapsulate Fe3O4 nanoparticles with superparamagnetism to form lipid magnetic balls, and KRAS antibodies were formed on the surface to form KRAS immune lipid magnetic balls. Results Compared with traditional EpCAM antibody-modified lipid magnetic balls, it can effectively improve the capture ability of colorectal cancer circulating tumor cells with KRAS mutation, the capture rate reaches 92.9%, and the capture results are consistent with clinical diagnosis and pathology. Conclusion Our results showed that KRAS antibody-modified lipid magnetic balls can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of KRAS colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengbao Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- Baoding Children's Hospital, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefang Zang
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Haikun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Erying Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixue Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding City, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bai H, Cao Y, Chen Y, Zhang L, Wu C, Zhan X, Cheng M. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cathepsin L-like cysteine protease of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:1136-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Hu B, Zhu X, Lu J. Cathepsin A knockdown decreases the proliferation and invasion of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2553-2559. [PMID: 32323791 PMCID: PMC7185279 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin A (CTSA) is a lysosomal protease that is abnormally expressed in various types of cancer; however, the function of CTSA in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CTSA during LUAD development in vitro. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the expression of CTSA mRNA in LUAD tissues. CTSA was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues compared with normal lung tissues. To explore the effect of CTSA on LUAD in vitro, LUAD A549 cells were transfected with CTSA small interfering RNA and the hallmarks of tumorigenesis were investigated using cell proliferation, cell cycle, wound healing, invasion and western blot assays. Following CTSA knockdown, proliferation of LUAD cells was decreased and an increased proportion of LUAD cells were arrested at the G0/G1 phase, with altered expression of critical cell cycle and proliferative marker proteins, including p53, p21 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Moreover, CTSA knockdown decreased the migration and invasion of A549 cells, as determined by wound healing, invasion, and western blotting assays. The expression levels of key proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition were analyzed by western blotting. CTSA knockdown enhanced the expression of E-cadherin, but decreased the expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin in A549 cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study suggested for the first time it has been identified that CTSA may serve as a tumor promoter in LUAD, enhancing the malignant progression of LUAD cells by promoting cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The results suggested that CTSA may serve as a novel therapeutic target for LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xike Zhu
- Department of Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jibin Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu P, Kong L, Jin H, Wu Y, Tan X, Song B. Differential secretome of pancreatic cancer cells in serum-containing conditioned medium reveals CCT8 as a new biomarker of pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:262. [PMID: 31632196 PMCID: PMC6788113 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy with a very poor prognosis. The emergence of liquid biopsy is expected to achieve accurate early diagnosis through detection of tumor-derived secreted proteins in the blood. Early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer could help to improve prognosis. Methods The pretreatment approach of samples can have a major effect on downstream analysis. In this study, we used a pair of homologous pancreatic cancer cell supernatants with different capacities for invasion and metastasis to examine secreted proteins in the conditioned media without the removal of fetal bovine serum, namely through size exclusion chromatography combined with high-abundance protein affinity chromatography to enrich low-concentration protein, followed by mass spectrometry using triple dimethyl labeling. Identification of proteins was performed using an online public database and western blot. Results Mass spectrometry data revealed 77 proteins with quantitative properties, of which 12 proteins had over a 1.5-fold difference (in the supernatant of the highly invasive pancreatic cancer cell line PC-1.0, the expression of 8 proteins were increased and the expression of 4 proteins were decreased). Bioinformatics analysis results showed that CCT8, CTSL, SAA1, IGF2 are secreted via the exosome pathway. According to the literature, with the exception of CCT8, the other three proteins can be detected in blood samples of pancreatic cancer patients, and they can be used as prognostic markers. Western blot results were used to validate consistency with MS results. Conclusion This study found that CCT8 can be used as a liquid biopsy marker to assess the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Lingming Kong
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Haoyi Jin
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Bing Song
- 11st Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China.,2Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Soond SM, Kozhevnikova MV, Frolova AS, Savvateeva LV, Plotnikov EY, Townsend PA, Han YP, Zamyatnin AA. Lost or Forgotten: The nuclear cathepsin protein isoforms in cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 462:43-50. [PMID: 31381961 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While research into the role of cathepsins has been progressing at an exponential pace over the years, research into their respective isoform proteins has been less frenetic. In view of the functional and biological potential of such protein isoforms in model systems for cancer during their initial discovery, much later they have offered a new direction in the field of cathepsin basic and applied research. Consequently, the analysis of such isoforms has laid strong foundations in revealing other important regulatory aspects of the cathepsin proteins in general. In this review article, we address these key aspects of cathepsin isoform proteins, with particular emphasis on how they have shaped what is now known in the context of nuclear cathepsin localization and what potential these hold as nuclear-based therapeutic targets in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Maria V Kozhevnikova
- Hospital Therapy Department № 1, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , 6-1 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasia S Frolova
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation.
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation.
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- College of Life Sciences Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PO 6100064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The microRNA miR-181c enhances chemosensitivity and reduces chemoresistance in breast cancer cells via down-regulating osteopontin. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:544-556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
18
|
Abstract
Cathepsins (CTS) are mainly lysosomal acid hydrolases extensively involved in the prognosis of different diseases, and having a distinct role in tumor progression by regulating cell proliferation, autophagy, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. As all these processes conjunctively lead to cancer progression, their site-specific regulation might be beneficial for cancer treatment. CTS regulate activation of the proteolytic cascade and protein turnover, while extracellular CTS is involved in promoting extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis, thereby stimulating invasion and metastasis. Despite cancer regulation, the involvement of CTS in cellular adaptation toward chemotherapy and radiotherapy augments their therapeutic potential. However, lysosomal permeabilization mediated cytosolic translocation of CTS induces programmed cell death. This complex behavior of CTS generates the need to discuss the different aspects of CTS associated with cancer regulation. In this review, we mainly focused on the significance of each cathepsin in cancer signaling and their targeting which would provide noteworthy information in the context of cancer biology and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Pal Khaket
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu M, Zhao XH. The Growth Proliferation, Apoptotic Prevention, and Differentiation Induction of the Gelatin Hydrolysates from Three Sources to Human Fetal Osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19 Cells). Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061287. [PMID: 29843361 PMCID: PMC6100253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatins from the skin of bovine, porcine, and tilapia were hydrolyzed to three degrees of hydrolysis (DH) by alcalase, neutrase, and papain, respectively. These hydrolysates at 0.02⁻0.1 g/L promoted the growth of human fetal osteoblasts by 101.4⁻135.7%, while higher DH or using papain and tilapia gelatins resulted in higher proliferation. The hydrolysates from porcine and tilapia gelatins at 0.05 g/L prevented induced apoptosis (decreasing total apoptotic proportions from 28.4% or 35.2% to 10.3⁻17.5% or 16.0⁻23.6%), and had differentiation induction (increasing alkaline phosphatase activity by 126.9⁻246.7% in early differentiation stage, or enhancing osteocalcin production by 4.1⁻22.5% in later differentiation stage). These hydrolysates had a similar amino acid profile; however, tilapia gelatin hydrolysates by papain with DH 15.4% mostly displayed higher activity than others. Tilapia gelatin hydrolysate could up-regulate β-catenin, Wnt 3a, Wnt 10b, cyclin D1, and c-Myc expression at mRNA levels by 1.11⁻3.60 folds, but down-regulate GSK 3β expression by 0.98 fold. Of note, β-catenin in total cellular and nuclear protein was up-regulated by 1.14⁻1.16 folds but unchanged in cytoplasmic protein, Wnt 10b, cyclin D1, and c-Myc expression were up-regulated by 1.27⁻1.95 folds, whilst GSK 3β expression was down-regulated by 0.87 fold. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway is suggested to mediate cell proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|