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Xu X, Jin W, Chang R, Ding X. Research progress of SREBP and its role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1398921. [PMID: 39224584 PMCID: PMC11366632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1398921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases comprise a group of immune-related disorders characterized by non-organ-specific inflammation. These diseases include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), gout, among others. Typically involving the hematologic system, these diseases may also affect multiple organs and systems. The pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic immune diseases is complex, with diverse etiologies, all associated with immune dysfunction. The current treatment options for this type of disease are relatively limited and come with certain side effects. Therefore, the urgent challenge remains to identify novel therapeutic targets for these diseases. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. The expression and transcriptional activity of SREBPs can be modulated by extracellular stimuli such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, glucose, and energy pathways including AKT-mTORC and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Studies have shown that SREBPs play roles in regulating lipid metabolism, cytokine production, inflammation, and the proliferation of germinal center B (GCB) cells. These functions are significant in the pathogenesis of rheumatic and immune diseases (Graphical abstract). Therefore, this paper reviews the potential mechanisms of SREBPs in the development of SLE, RA, and gout, based on an exploration of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinghong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Xiong Y, Luo J, Hong ZY, Zhu WZ, Hu A, Song BL. Hyperactivation of SREBP induces pannexin-1-dependent lytic cell death. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100579. [PMID: 38880128 PMCID: PMC11284708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are a conserved transcription factor family governing lipid metabolism. When cellular cholesterol level is low, SREBP2 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus where it undergoes proteolytic activation to generate a soluble N-terminal fragment, which drives the expression of lipid biosynthetic genes. Malfunctional SREBP activation is associated with various metabolic abnormalities. In this study, we find that overexpression of the active nuclear form SREBP2 (nSREBP2) causes caspase-dependent lytic cell death in various types of cells. These cells display typical pyroptotic and necrotic signatures, including plasma membrane ballooning and release of cellular contents. However, this phenotype is independent of the gasdermin family proteins or mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Transcriptomic analysis identifies that nSREBP2 induces expression of p73, which further activates caspases. Through whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we find that Pannexin-1 (PANX1) acts downstream of caspases to promote membrane rupture. Caspase-3 or 7 cleaves PANX1 at the C-terminal tail and increases permeability. Inhibition of the pore-forming activity of PANX1 alleviates lytic cell death. PANX1 can mediate gasdermins and MLKL-independent cell lysis during TNF-induced or chemotherapeutic reagents (doxorubicin or cisplatin)-induced cell death. Together, this study uncovers a noncanonical function of SREBPs as a potentiator of programmed cell death and suggests that PANX1 can directly promote lytic cell death independent of gasdermins and MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Yun Hong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Zhuo Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Quintino-Ottonicar GG, da Silva LR, Maria VLRDS, Pizzo EM, de Santana ACP, Lenharo NR, Pinho CF, Pereira S. Exposure to Dichlorvos pesticide alters the morphology of and lipid metabolism in the ventral prostate of rats. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1207612. [PMID: 37469457 PMCID: PMC10352615 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1207612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides are widely used in agriculture, leading to soil, water, and food contamination. Among these compounds is Dichlorvos [O,O-dimethyl O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate, DDVP], which is listed as a highly toxic compound by the Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization. Exposure to DDVP can result in nervous, respiratory, hepatic, and reproductive abnormalities, in addition to endocrine disrupting, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects. Little is known about the impacts of DDVP on the reprogramming of lipid metabolism, which is also associated with the development and progression of cancer, since the tumor cells need to recruit, capture, and use fatty acids to compose their building membranes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the pesticide DDVP on lipid metabolism in the prostate, after chemical induction by the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). For this, 32 Fischer rats aged 90 days were randomly divided into four experimental groups: Control, DDVP, MNU, and MNU + DDVP. The MNU and MNU + DDVP groups underwent chemical induction with MNU (15 mg/kg) and the DDVP and MNU + DDVP groups received a diet supplemented with DDVP (10 mg/kg). Histopathological analyses of the rat ventral prostate showed 100% incidence of epithelial hyperplasia in the MNU and MNU + DDVP groups. This finding was accompanied by an increase of the epithelial compartment in the MNU + DDVP group. Immunolocalization of important proteins linked to lipid metabolism has been established. In the MNU + DDVP group, Western blotting analyses pointed out an increased expression of the protein LIMP II (Lysosomal Integral Membrane Protein-II), which is correlated with the capture and distribution of lipids in tumor cells. Together, these results indicate that the association of a low dose of DDVP with MNU was able to promote alterations in the morphology and lipid metabolism of the rat ventral prostate, which may be related to tumor progression in this organ.
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Fei X, Huang J, Li F, Wang Y, Shao Z, Dong L, Wu Y, Li B, Zhang X, Lv B, Zhao Y, Weng Q, Chen K, Zhang M, Yang S, Zhang C, Zhang M, Li W, Ying S, Sun Q, Chen Z, Shen H. The Scap-SREBP1-S1P/S2P lipogenesis signal orchestrates the homeostasis and spatiotemporal activation of NF-κB. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112586. [PMID: 37267109 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway plays essential roles in innate and adaptive immunity, but little is known how NF-κB signaling is compartmentalized and spatiotemporally activated in the cytoplasm. Here, we show that the lipogenesis signal cascade Scap-SREBP1-S1P/S2P orchestrates the homeostasis and spatiotemporal activation of NF-κB. SREBP cleavage-activating protein (Scap) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) form a super complex with inhibitors of NF-κB α (IκBα) to associate NF-κB close to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, Scap transports the complex to the Golgi apparatus, where SREBP1 is cleaved by site-1 protease (S1P)/S2P, liberating IκBα for IκB kinase (Ikk)-mediated phosphorylation and subsequent activation of NF-κB. Loss of Scap or inhibition of S1P or S2P diminishes, while SREBP1 deficiency augments, LPS-induced NF-κB activation and subsequent inflammatory responses. Our results reveal the Scap-SREBP1 complex as an additional cytoplasmic checkpoint for NF-κB homeostasis and unveil the Golgi apparatus as the optimal cellular platform for NF-κB activation, providing insights into the crosstalk between lipogenesis signaling and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Fei
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yuejue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Zhehua Shao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Lingling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yinfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Boran Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Baihui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Qingyu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Kaijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
| | - Huahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; State Key Lab for Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Palmitic Acid Increases Cholesterol Accumulation via Enhancing Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Expression in HepG2 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070813. [PMID: 35890112 PMCID: PMC9322353 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, multiple studies have shown that chronic inflammation disturbs cholesterol homeostasis and promotes its accumulation in the liver. The underlying molecular mechanism remains to be revealed. The relationship between the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory signaling pathway and cholesterol accumulation was investigated in HepG2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or palmitic acid (PA) for different lengths of time. In addition, the effects of pretreatment with 20μmol/L ST2825 (MyD88 inhibitor) were also studied in LPS- or PA-treated HepG2 cells and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-overexpressing HEK293T cells. The intracellular total and free cholesterol levels were measured using a commercial kit and filipin staining, respectively. The expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and components in the TLR4 signaling pathway were determined using Western blotting. The treatments with LPS for 12 h and with PA for 24 h significantly increased the contents of intracellular total and free cholesterol, as well as the expression levels of SREBP-2 and components in the TLR4 signaling pathway. The inhibition of MyD88 by ST2825 significantly decreased the cholesterol content and the expression levels of SREBP-2 and components of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in HepG2 cells, as well as MyD88-overexpressing HEK293T cells. These results indicated that LPS and PA treatments increase SREBP-2-mediated cholesterol accumulation via the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in HepG2 cells.
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Kennedy L, Francis H, Alpini G. Macrophage-Specific SCAP Promotes Liver and Adipose Tissue Damage in a Lean NAFLD Model: Lean, Mean, Proinflammatory Machine. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:236-238. [PMID: 35500675 PMCID: PMC9254626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Gianfranco Alpini, PhD, FAASLD, AGAF, Indiana Center for Liver Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Room 013C, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.
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Huang X, Yao Y, Hou X, Wei L, Rao Y, Su Y, Zheng G, Ruan XZ, Li D, Chen Y. Macrophage SCAP Contributes to Metaflammation and Lean NAFLD by Activating STING-NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:1-26. [PMID: 35367665 PMCID: PMC9117819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) is a cholesterol sensor that confers a broad range of functional effects in metabolic diseases. Lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by a decrease in subcutaneous fat and ectopic fat deposition in the liver. SCAP may mediate the development of lean NAFLD, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. METHODS C57BL/6J wild-type and macrophage SCAP-specific knockout mice (SCAPΔMϕ) were subjected to Paigen diet (PD) feeding induced lean NAFLD. Inflammation and lipid metabolism of adipose and liver were evaluated. The STING-NF-κB signaling pathway was examined in vivo and in vitro to explore the underlying mechanism of macrophage SCAP on metaflammation. RESULTS The data showed heterogeneity of lipid metabolic processes in liver and epididymal white adipose tissue due to inflammation mediated by macrophage infiltration. Meanwhile, we found that the macrophage SCAP was abnormally increased in the adipose and liver tissues of PD-fed mice. Intriguingly, the SCAPΔMϕ mice attenuated PD-induced metaflammation and ectopic lipid deposition by reducing hepatic stimulator of interferon gene (STING)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway activation. In-depth molecular analysis revealed that SCAP specifically recruits the STING and tank-binding kinase 1 onto the Golgi to activate the NF-κB in macrophages, thereby promoting the release of inflammatory factors. This process ultimately led to an increased lipolysis in adipocytes and lipid uptake and synthesis in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that SCAP acts as a novel regulator of the macrophage inflammatory response and the pathogenesis of lean NAFLD by activating the STING-NF-κB signaling pathway. Inhibition of macrophage SCAP may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lean NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Huang
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingcheng Yao
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Rao
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Su
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo Zheng
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Z. Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danyang Li
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Danyang Li, PhD or Yaxi Chen, PhD, Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China. fax: +86-23-68486780.
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Danyang Li, PhD or Yaxi Chen, PhD, Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China. fax: +86-23-68486780.
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Chen X, Zhang D, Li Y, Wang W, Bei W, Guo J. NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β pathway in type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: Friend or foe? Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105885. [PMID: 34536551 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis have gradually garnered great attention as inflammatory diseases. Previously, the fact that Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) accelerates the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis has been proved in animal experiments and clinical trials. However, the continued studies found that the effect of IL-1β on type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis is much more complicated than the negative impact. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome, whose activation and assembly significantly affect the release of IL-1β, is a crucial effector activated by a variety of metabolites. The diversity of NLRP3 activation mode is one of the fundamental reasons for the intricate effects on the progression of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis, providing many new insights for us to intervene in metabolic diseases. This review focuses on how NLRP3 inflammasome affects the progression of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis and what opportunities and challenges it can bring us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Dong G, Huang X, Jiang S, Ni L, Ma L, Zhu C, Chen S. SCAP Mediated GDF15-Induced Invasion and EMT of Esophageal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:564785. [PMID: 33123476 PMCID: PMC7573169 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.564785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: GDF15 is a potential biomarker for patients with esophageal cancer (EC). However, the mechanistic role of GDF15 in the invasion and metastasis of EC remains poorly understood. Methods: We determined the expression and function of GDF15 in esophageal cancer cells (ESCCs) and in patient tissue samples using western blotting, migration, and invasion assays, immunohistochemistry, Co-IP assays, and quantitative real-time-PCR. In addition, a pulmonary metastatic nude mouse model was used to determine the function of GDF15. We then supplemented our experimental results with database analysis to validate our findings. Results: GDF15 was upregulated in EC, and was associated with poor differentiation, high metastasis rates, and worse prognosis. GDF15 knock-down reduced the migration and invasion of ESCCs. Co-IP assays demonstrated its association with SCAP, while GDF15 knock-down decreased SCAP levels. SCAP overexpression reversed the migration, invasion and EMT in GDF15-siRNA ESCCs. However, after incubation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), the ability of migration and invasion was weakened, EMT was reversed again. Migration, invasion, and EMT were enhanced in GDF15-siRNA ESCCs cultured in the presence of cholesterol and were similar to GDF15-siRNA ESCCs overexpressing SCAP. In vivo, knockdown of GDF15 inhibited lung metastasis of ESCCs and was reversed by SCAP overexpression or high cholesterol diet. Increased lung metastasis after SCAP overexpression was partially suppressed by intraperitoneal injection of β-CD. In addition, we determined that GDF15 was a direct target of miR-1324, miR-1324 was down-regulated in EC tissues. MiR-1324 upregulation resulted in decreased GDF15 expression and metastasis in ESCCs. Conclusions: We demonstrated that SCAP mediated GDF15-induced the invasion and metastasis of EC by regulating cholesterol metabolism. In addition, GDF15 was shown to be a direct target of miR-1324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoquan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyuan Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chouwen Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Jiang Y, Wang A, Bai H, Ye M. [Protective effect of serine methyltransferase against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:506-512. [PMID: 32895129 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of serine hydroxymethyl transferase 2 (SHMT2) against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. METHODS Sixty C57BL/6 mice were divided equally into sham-operated group, saline adeno-associated virus group (AVV-GFP), and adeno-associated virus silencing group (AAV-SHMT2). The adeno-associated virus and normal saline were injected into the tail vein of the mice 2 weeks before establishment of a 70% ischemia-reperfusion model in the liver. qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the changes of AST/ALT concentration, SHMT2, JNK, NF-κB, caspase-3 and downstream inflammatory factors in the mice, and HE staining was used to observe the pathological damage of the liver tissue in each group; the cell apoptosis in the liver was detected using TUNEL assay. RESULTS The expression of SHMT2 increased with time after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and reached the highest level at 24 h (the relative expression was 1.5, P < 0.05). At 24 h after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, the levels of AST/ALT in AAV-SHMT2 group (588/416 U/L) were significantly higher than those in the control group (416/345 U/L) and the empty vector group (387/321 U/L) (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the control group and the empty vector group, the level of SHMT2 was significantly decreased in AAV-SHMT2 group (with a relative expression of 0.24, P < 0.05), the levels of p-JNK and p-p65 were significantly increased (relative expression of 0.80 and 0.97, respectively, P < 0.05), and the levels TNF-α and IL-1β were consistently elevated (relative expression levels of 1.6 and 1.2, respectively, P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in these parameters between the empty vector group and the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS SHMT2 may alleviate liver cell apoptosis in mice with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the activation of JNK pathway and excessive activation of NF-κB pathway to reduce hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ankang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - He Bai
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Mingxin Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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The cellular function of SCAP in metabolic signaling. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:724-729. [PMID: 32385422 PMCID: PMC7272406 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage activating protein (SCAP) is a key regulator of SREBP maturation. SCAP induces translocation of SREBP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, allowing it to regulate cellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Previous studies have shown that suppression of SREBP activation in SCAP conditional knockout mice reduced the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides, which eventually causes the development of metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. However, despite the significance of SCAP as a regulator of SREBP, its function has not been thoroughly discussed. In this review, we have summarized the function of SCAP and its regulatory proteins. Furthermore, we discuss recent studies regarding SCAP as a possible therapeutic target for hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia.
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Kusnadi A, Park SH, Yuan R, Pannellini T, Giannopoulou E, Oliver D, Lu T, Park-Min KH, Ivashkiv LB. The Cytokine TNF Promotes Transcription Factor SREBP Activity and Binding to Inflammatory Genes to Activate Macrophages and Limit Tissue Repair. Immunity 2019; 51:241-257.e9. [PMID: 31303399 PMCID: PMC6709581 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated macrophage polarization is important for inflammatory disease pathogenesis, but the mechanisms regulating polarization are not clear. We performed transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of the TNF response in primary human macrophages and revealed late-phase activation of SREBP2, the master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis genes. TNF stimulation extended the genomic profile of SREBP2 occupancy to include binding to and activation of inflammatory and interferon response genes independently of its functions in sterol metabolism. Genetic ablation of SREBP function shifted the balance of macrophage polarization from an inflammatory to a reparative phenotype in peritonitis and skin wound healing models. Genetic ablation of SREBP activity in myeloid cells or topical pharmacological inhibition of SREBP improved skin wound healing under homeostatic and chronic inflammatory conditions. Our results identify a function and mechanism of action for SREBPs in augmenting TNF-induced macrophage activation and inflammation and open therapeutic avenues for promoting wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kusnadi
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sung Ho Park
- Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Ruoxi Yuan
- Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Tania Pannellini
- Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Eugenia Giannopoulou
- Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - David Oliver
- Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Theresa Lu
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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