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Gambari R, Finotti A. Therapeutic Relevance of Inducing Autophagy in β-Thalassemia. Cells 2024; 13:918. [PMID: 38891049 PMCID: PMC11171814 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The β-thalassemias are inherited genetic disorders affecting the hematopoietic system. In β-thalassemias, more than 350 mutations of the adult β-globin gene cause the low or absent production of adult hemoglobin (HbA). A clinical parameter affecting the physiology of erythroid cells is the excess of free α-globin. Possible experimental strategies for a reduction in excess free α-globin chains in β-thalassemia are CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing of the β-globin gene, forcing "de novo" HbA production and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction. In addition, a reduction in excess free α-globin chains in β-thalassemia can be achieved by induction of the autophagic process. This process is regulated by the Unc-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1) gene. The interplay with the PI3K/Akt/TOR pathway, with the activity of the α-globin stabilizing protein (AHSP) and the involvement of microRNAs in autophagy and Ulk1 gene expression, is presented and discussed in the context of identifying novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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2
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Wang H, Gao L, Zhao C, Fang F, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. The role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-03989-8. [PMID: 38498274 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-03989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), including chronic glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy, are common chronic diseases characterized by structural damage and functional decline of the kidneys. The current treatment of CKD is symptom relief. Several studies have reported that the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway is a pathway closely related to the pathological process of CKD. It can ameliorate kidney damage by inhibiting this signal pathway which is involved with inflammation, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and autophagy. This review highlights the role of activating or inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in CKD-induced inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy and EMT. We also summarize the latest evidence on treating CKD by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway, discuss the shortcomings and deficiencies of PI3K/Akt research in the field of CKD, and identify potential challenges in developing these clinical therapeutic CKD strategies, and provide appropriate solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
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Kuchakzadeh F, Ai J, Ebrahimi-Barough S. Tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapeutic strategies for premature ovarian insufficiency. Regen Ther 2024; 25:10-23. [PMID: 38108045 PMCID: PMC10724490 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), also known as premature ovarian failure (POF), is a complex endocrine disease that commonly affects women under the age of 40. It is characterized by the cessation of ovarian function before the age of 40, leading to infertility and hormonal imbalances. The currently available treatment options for POI are limited and often ineffective. Tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapeutic strategies have emerged as promising approaches to restore ovarian function and improve the quality of life for women affected by POI. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the types of stem cells and biomaterials used in the treatment of POI, including their biological characteristics and mechanisms of action. It explores various sources of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cells, and their potential applications in regenerating ovarian tissue. Additionally, this paper discusses the development of biomaterials and scaffolds that mimic the natural ovarian microenvironment and support the growth and maturation of ovarian cells and follicles. Furthermore, the review highlights the challenges and ethical considerations associated with tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapies for POI and proposes potential solutions to address these issues. Overall, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapeutic strategies for POI and offers insights into future directions for improving treatment outcomes in this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kuchakzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tian K, Deng B, Han X, Zheng H, Lin T, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang G. Over-expression of microRNA-145 Elevating Autophagy Activities via Downregulating FRS2 Expression. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:127-135. [PMID: 37264620 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230602090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic and progressive joint diseases characterized by cartilage degeneration and chondrocyte death. In this study, we aimed to identify the modulation effect of miR-145 on chondrocytes' autophagy during the development of OA. BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent types of chronic and progressive joint disorder with the symptoms of joint pain and stiffness, and it leads to disability at the end stage. In recent years, microRNA-145 (miR-145) has been found to activate autophagy in various cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells, cardiomyocytes, and osteosarcoma cells. However, it is unknown whether miR-145 regulates the progression of OA by influencing chondrocyte autophagy. METHODS Before investigating the regulatory effect of miR-145 on the autophagic activity of chondrocytes, the expression of miR-145 in human joint samples was analyzed. The targeting relationship between miR-145 and FRS2 was detected by dual luciferase assay. The effect of FRS2 and miR-145 on the autophagic activity of chondrocytes was observed by bidirectional expression of FRS2 and miR-145. RESULTS The miR-145 expression and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were significantly decreased and the SQSTM1 expression was increased in OA patients. The miR-145 overexpression in C20A4 cells increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, decreased SQSTM1 expression, and was positively correlated with autophagic activity. Under oxidative stress, miR-145 overexpression significantly improved chondrocyte viability through autophagy stimulation. FRS2 is a potential target of miR-145 via a binding sequence within its 3' UTR. FRS2 acts as the downstream mediator of miR-145 to suppress autophagy through activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. CONCLUSION The miR-145 acts as a protective factor against chondrocytes by regulating miRFRS2- autophagy axis. The decrease of miR-145 in articular synovial fluid may turn out to be an important marker for early diagnosis of OA, and modulation of miR-145 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tian
- Department of Orthopedics and Joint, Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272001, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, Zoucheng District, Jining, 273500, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, Zoucheng District, Jining, 273500, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyi Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics and Joint, Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272001, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics and Joint, Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272001, China
| | - Zhimeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Joint, Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272001, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Joint, Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272001, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Joint, Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272001, China
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Rajput S, Malviya R, Uniyal P. Advances in the Treatment of Kidney Disorders using Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:825-840. [PMID: 38482624 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128296105240305110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Renal disease is a medical condition that poses a potential threat to the life of an individual and is related to substantial morbidity and mortality rates in clinical environments. The aetiology of this condition is influenced by multiple factors, and its incidence tends to increase with progressive aging. Although supportive therapy and kidney transplantation have potential advantages, they also have limitations in terms of mitigating the progression of KD. Despite significant advancements in the domain of supportive therapy, mortality rates in patients continue to increase. Due to their ability to self-renew and multidirectionally differentiate, stem cell therapy has been shown to have tremendous potential in the repair of the diseased kidney. MSCs (Mesenchymal stem cells) are a cell population that is extensively distributed and can be located in various niches throughout an individual's lifespan. The cells in question are characterised by their potential for indefinite replication and their aptitude for undergoing differentiation into fully developed cells of mesodermal origin under laboratory conditions. It is essential to emphasize that MSCs have demonstrated a favorable safety profile and efficacy as a therapeutic intervention for renal diseases in both preclinical as well as clinical investigations. MSCs have been found to slow the advancement of kidney disease, and this impact is thought to be due to their control over a number of physiological processes, including immunological response, tubular epithelial- mesenchymal transition, oxidative stress, renal tubular cell death, and angiogenesis. In addition, MSCs demonstrate recognised effectiveness in managing both acute and chronic kidney diseases via paracrine pathways. The proposal to utilise a therapy that is based on stem-cells as an effective treatment has been put forward in search of discovering novel therapies to promote renal regeneration. Preclinical researchers have demonstrated that various types of stem cells can provide advantages in acute and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, preliminary results from clinical trials have suggested that these interventions are both safe and well-tolerated. This manuscript provides a brief overview of the potential renoprotective effects of stem cell-based treatments in acute as well as chronic renal dysfunction. Furthermore, the mechanisms that govern the process of kidney regeneration induced by stem cells are investigated. This article will examine the therapeutic approaches that make use of stem cells for the treatment of kidney disorders. The analysis will cover various cellular sources that have been utilised, potential mechanisms involved, and the outcomes that have been achieved so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prerna Uniyal
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
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Zhong X, Chen J, Wen B, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Zhao Y, Shen J, Xiao Z. Potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in T cell aging. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1365-1378. [PMID: 37750918 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence occurs with progressive age. T cell aging is manifested by immunodeficiency and inflammation. The main mechanisms are thymic involution, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic and epigenetic alterations, loss of protein stability, reduction of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, naïve-memory T cell ratio imbalance, T cell senescence, and lack of effector plasticity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are thought to hold great potential as anti-aging therapy. However, the role of MCSs in T cell aging remains elusive. This review makes a tentative summary of the potential role of MSCs in the protection against T cell aging. It might provide a new idea to intervene in the aging of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Nanbu County, Nanchong, 637300, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Peng P, Wang X, Qiu C, Zheng W, Zhang H. Extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells prevent steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114004. [PMID: 37634611 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC) have excellent therapeutic potential for many diseases. The aim of this study was to define the role of hucMSC-EVs in the prevention and treatment of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH). After establishing the SANFH rat model, the effects of hucMSC-EVs were assessed by measuring the microstructure of the femoral head using HE staining, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and TUNEL staining. The administration of hucMSC-EVs caused a significant reduction to glucocorticoids (GCs)-induced osteoblast apoptosis and empty lacuna of the femoral head, while effectively improving the microstructure. HucMSC-EVs rescued the deactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway induced by GCs, and reversed the proliferation and migration of osteoblasts inhibited by GCs. In addition, hucMSC-EVs attenuated the inhibitory effects of GCs on rat osteoblast osteogenesis, angiogenesis of endothelial cells, and prevented osteoblast apoptosis. However, the promoting effects of hucMSC-EVs were abolished following the blockade of PI3K/AKT on osteoblasts. hucMSC-EVs were found to prevent glucocorticoid-induced femoral head necrosis in rats through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puji Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China; Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - XueZhong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Wendi Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China; Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China; Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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Thomaidou AC, Goulielmaki M, Tsintarakis A, Zoumpourlis P, Toya M, Christodoulou I, Zoumpourlis V. miRNA-Guided Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from the Umbilical Cord: Paving the Way for Stem-Cell Based Regeneration and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119189. [PMID: 37298143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is an abundant source of multipotent cells primed with unique properties that can be exploited in a multitude of applications and interventions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogenous population of undifferentiated cells programmed to self-renew and, depending on their origin, differentiate into distinct lineages. Alongside their proven ability to transmigrate toward inflammation sites, the secretion of various factors that participate in tissue regeneration and their immunoregulatory function render MSCs attractive candidates for use in the cytotherapy of a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, as well as in different aspects of regenerative medicine. In particular, MSCs that can be found in fetal, perinatal, or neonatal tissues possess additional capabilities, including predominant proliferation potential, increased responsiveness to environmental stimuli, and hypoimmunogenicity. Since microRNA (miRNA)-guided gene regulation governs multiple cellular functions, miRNAs are increasingly being studied in the context of driving the differentiation process of MSCs. In the present review, we explore the mechanisms of miRNA-directed differentiation of MSCs, with a special focus on umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs), and we identify the most relevant miRNAs and miRNA sets and signatures. Overall, we discuss the potent exploitations of miRNA-driven multi-lineage differentiation and regulation of UCMSCs in regenerative and therapeutic protocols against a range of diseases and/or injuries that will achieve a meaningful clinical impact through maximizing treatment success rates, while lacking severe adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoe C Thomaidou
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Tsintarakis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Marialena Toya
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Christodoulou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
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9
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Yang G, Tan L, Yao H, Xiong Z, Wu J, Huang X. Long-Term Effects of Severe Burns on the Kidneys: Research Advances and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1905-1921. [PMID: 37152866 PMCID: PMC10162109 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s404983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Burns are a seriously underestimated form of trauma that not only damage the skin system but also cause various complications, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent clinical studies have shown that the proportion of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in burn patients after discharge is significantly higher than that in the general population, but the mechanism behind this is controversial. The traditional view is that CKD is associated with hypoperfusion, AKI, sepsis, and drugs administered in the early stages of burns. However, recent studies have shown that burns can cause long-term immune dysfunction, which is a high-risk factor for CKD. This suggests that burns affect the kidneys more than previously recognized. In other words, severe burns are not only an acute injury but also a chronic disease. Neglecting to study long-term kidney function in burn patients also results in a lack of preventive and therapeutic methods being developed. Furthermore, stem cells and their exosomes have shown excellent comprehensive therapeutic properties in the prevention and treatment of CKD, making them increasingly the focus of research attention. Their engineering strategy further improved the therapeutic performance. This review will focus on the research advances in burns on the development of CKD, illustrating the possible mechanism of burn-induced CKD and introducing potential biological treatment options and their engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, 044006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lishan Tan
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuying Xiong
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics & Gynecology, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Venetia, 37134, Italy
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoyan Huang; Jun Wu, Email ;
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10
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Ren Y, Ailierken A, Zhao L, Lin Z, Jiang J, Li B, Wang J, Hua J, Tu Q. hUC-MSCs lyophilized powder loaded polysaccharide ulvan driven functional hydrogel for chronic diabetic wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Quaglia M, Merlotti G, Fornara L, Colombatto A, Cantaluppi V. Extracellular Vesicles Released from Stem Cells as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Primary and Secondary Glomerulonephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105760. [PMID: 35628570 PMCID: PMC9142886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment of primary and secondary glomerulopathies is hampered by many limits and a significant proportion of these disorders still evolves towards end-stage renal disease. A possible answer to this unmet challenge could be represented by therapies with stem cells, which include a variety of progenitor cell types derived from embryonic or adult tissues. Stem cell self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation ability explain their potential to protect and regenerate injured cells, including kidney tubular cells, podocytes and endothelial cells. In addition, a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions appears to interfere with the pathogenic mechanisms of glomerulonephritis. Of note, mesenchymal stromal cells have been particularly investigated as therapy for Lupus Nephritis and Diabetic Nephropathy, whereas initial evidence suggest their beneficial effects in primary glomerulopathies such as IgA nephritis. Extracellular vesicles mediate a complex intercellular communication network, shuttling proteins, nucleic acids and other bioactive molecules from origin to target cells to modulate their functions. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles recapitulate beneficial cytoprotective, reparative and immunomodulatory properties of parental cells and are increasingly recognized as a cell-free alternative to stem cell-based therapies for different diseases including glomerulonephritis, also considering the low risk for potential adverse effects such as maldifferentiation and tumorigenesis. We herein summarize the renoprotective potential of therapies with stem cells and extracellular vesicles derived from progenitor cells in glomerulonephritis, with a focus on their different mechanisms of actions. Technological progress and growing knowledge are paving the way for wider clinical application of regenerative medicine to primary and secondary glomerulonephritis: this multi-level, pleiotropic therapy may open new scenarios overcoming the limits and side effects of traditional treatments, although the promising results of experimental models need to be confirmed in the clinical setting.
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12
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Lu Y, Chen J, Li L, Cao Y, Zhao Y, Nie X, Ding C. Hierarchical functional nanoparticles boost osteoarthritis therapy by utilizing joint-resident mesenchymal stem cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:89. [PMID: 35183192 PMCID: PMC8858465 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of joint-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to repair articular cartilage is a promising strategy in osteoarthritis (OA) therapy but remains a considerable research challenge. Here, hierarchical targeting and microenvironment responsive peptide functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) are used to achieve cartilage repair in situ. Ultrasmall copper oxide (CuO) NPs are conjugated with type 2 collagen and MSC dual-targeting peptide (designated WPV) with a matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2)-sensitive sequence as a spacer to achieve hierarchical targeting. Guided by this peptide, WPV-CuO NPs initially penetrate cartilage and subsequently expose the inner MSC-targeted peptide to attract MSCs through MMP-2 clearance. CuO further promotes chondrogenesis of MSCs. In an anterior cruciate ligament transection rat model, intraarticular injection of WPV-CuO NPs induces significant reduction of cartilage destruction. The therapeutic mechanism involves inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, as determined via transcriptome analysis. In conclusion, a novel therapeutic strategy for OA has been successfully developed based on localized MSC recruitment and cartilage repair without transplantation of exogenous cells or growth factors.
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Motor Function and Alleviate Tissue Damage After Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibition of HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway Through Autophagy Activation. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:947-962. [PMID: 35147911 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant public health issue that imposes numerous burdens on patients and society. Uncontrolled excessive inflammation in the second pathological phase of SCI can aggravate the injury. In this paper, we hypothesized that suppressing inflammatory pathways via autophagy could aid functional recovery, and prevent spinal cord tissue degeneration following SCI. To this end, we examined the effects of intrathecal injection of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) (ATRA-MSCs) on autophagy activity and the HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in an SCI rat model. This study demonstrated that SCI increased the expression of Beclin-1 (an autophagy-related gene) and NLRP3 inflammasome components such as NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, following SCI, the protein levels of key autophagy factors (Beclin-1 and LC3-II) and HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway factors (HMGB1, p-NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β, and TNF-α) increased. Our findings indicated that ATRA-MSCs enhanced Beclin-1 and LC3-II levels, regulated the HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines. These factors improved hind limb motor activity and aided in the survival of neurons. Furthermore, ATRA-MSCs demonstrated greater beneficial effects than MSCs in treating spinal cord injury. Overall, ATRA-MSC treatment revealed beneficial effects on the damaged spinal cord by suppressing excessive inflammation and activating autophagy. Further research and investigation of the pathways involved in SCI and the use of amplified stem cells may be beneficial for future clinical use.
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14
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Wang J, Liu W, Yu D, Yang Z, Li S, Sun X. Research Progress on the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Literature Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749822. [PMID: 34966738 PMCID: PMC8710809 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) has become one of the main causes of infertility in women of childbearing age and the incidence of POF is increasing year by year, seriously affecting the physical and mental health of patients and increasing the economic burden on families and society as a whole. The etiology and pathogenesis of POF are complex and not very clear at present. Currently, hormone replacement therapy is mainly used to improve the symptoms of low estrogen, but cannot fundamentally solve the fertility problem. In recent years, stem cell (SC) transplantation has become one of the research hotspots in the treatment of POF. The results from animal experiments bring hope for the recovery of ovarian function and fertility in patients with POF. In this article, we searched the published literature between 2000 and 2020 from the PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), and summarized the preclinical research data and possible therapeutic mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of POF. Our aim is to provide useful information for understanding POF and reference for follow-up research and treatment of POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wanru Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- The Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongxing Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiguang Sun
- Hand Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Roy SG. Regulation of autophagy by miRNAs in human diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 64:317-329. [PMID: 34690368 PMCID: PMC8520464 DOI: 10.1007/s13237-021-00378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic process designed to eliminate dysfunctional and aging organelles and misfolded proteins through a well-concerted pathway, starting with forming a double-membrane vesicle and culminating in the lysosomal degradation of the cargo enclosed inside the mature vesicle. As a vital sentry of cellular health, autophagy is regulated in every human disease condition and is an essential target for non-coding RNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are short oligonucleotides that specifically bind to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs, thus leading to mRNA silencing, degradation, or translation blockage. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding the regulation of autophagy and autophagy-related genes by different miRNAs in various pathological conditions, including cancer, kidney and liver disorders, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders, infectious diseases, aging-related conditions, and inflammation-related diseases. As miRNAs are being identified as prime regulators of autophagy in human disease, pharmacological molecules and traditional medicines targeting these miRNAs are also being tested in disease models, thus initiating a new series of therapeutic interventions targeting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounak Ghosh Roy
- Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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16
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Zhang X, Cui J, Cheng L, Lin K. Enhancement of osteoporotic bone regeneration by strontium-substituted 45S5 bioglass via time-dependent modulation of autophagy and the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3489-3501. [PMID: 33690737 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a major systemic bone disease leading to an imbalance in bone homeostasis which remains a challenge in the current treatment of bone defects. Our previous studies on strontium (Sr) doping apparently stimulated osteogenesis of bioceramics, which suggested a promising strategy for the treatment of bone defects. However, the potential effects and the underlying mechanisms of Sr-doping on osteoporotic bone defects still remain unclear. Autophagy is a conventional self-degradation process of cells involved in bone homeostasis and regeneration under physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, it is essential to design appropriate biomaterials and investigate the associated osteogenic mechanisms via autophagy. Based on this hypothesis, Sr-doped 45S5 bioglass (Sr/45S5) was fabricated, and ovariectomy bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (OVX-BMSCs) were applied as the in vitro cell culture model. First, the optimal Sr-doping concentration of 10 mol% was screened by cell proliferation, ALP staining, alizarin red S staining and the real-time PCR assay. Then, the results of western blot (WB) analysis showed that Sr-induced osteogenic differentiation of OVX-BMSCs was associated with time-dependent modulation of autophagy and related to the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the autophagy in Sr-induced osteogenic differentiation of OVX-BMSCs was detected by WB, immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the effect of osteogenic differentiation of OVX-BMSCs has been significantly inhibited by the administration of autophagy inhibitors and the AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors, respectively, in the early and late periods of osteogenic differentiation. Finally, the results of the model of femoral condyle defects in OVX-rats indicated that Sr10/45S5 granules remarkably enhanced bone regeneration which provided the evidences in vivo. Our research indicates that Sr-doping provides a promising strategy to promote osteogenic differentiation of OVX-BMSCs and bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone defects via early improvement of autophagy and late activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China. and School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China. and Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
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17
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Hu XM, Zhang Q, Zhou RX, Wu YL, Li ZX, Zhang DY, Yang YC, Yang RH, Hu YJ, Xiong K. Programmed cell death in stem cell-based therapy: Mechanisms and clinical applications. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:386-415. [PMID: 34136072 PMCID: PMC8176847 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i5.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy raises hopes for a better approach to promoting tissue repair and functional recovery. However, transplanted stem cells show a high death percentage, creating challenges to successful transplantation and prognosis. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying stem cell death, such as apoptotic cascade activation, excessive autophagy, inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species, excitotoxicity, and ischemia/hypoxia. Targeting the molecular pathways involved may be an efficient strategy to enhance stem cell viability and maximize transplantation success. Notably, a more complex network of cell death receives more attention than one crucial pathway in determining stem cell fate, highlighting the challenges in exploring mechanisms and therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on programmed cell death in transplanted stem cells. We also discuss some promising strategies and challenges in promoting survival for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan-Lin Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan-Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rong-Hua Yang
- Department of Burns, Fo Shan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hunan People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Dai SH, Chen LJ, Qi WH, Ye CL, Zou GW, Liu WC, Yu BT, Tang J. microRNA-145 Inhibition Upregulates SIRT1 and Attenuates Autophagy in a Mouse Model of Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via NF-κB-dependent Beclin 1. Transplantation 2021; 105:529-539. [PMID: 32852406 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-145 (miR-145) has been shown to play a critical role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the expression and function of miR-145 in lung I/R injury have not been reported yet. This study aimed to elucidate the potential effects of miR-145 in lung I/R injury. METHODS Lung I/R mice models and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell models were established. The expression of miR-145 and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was measured with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis in mouse lung tissue and cells. Artificial modulation of miR-145 and SIRT1 (downregulation) was done in I/R mice and H/R cells. Additionally, Pao2/FiO2 ratio, wet weight-to-dry weight ratio, and cell apoptosis in mouse lung tissues were determined by blood gas analyzer, electronic balance, and deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling assay, respectively. Autophagy marker Beclin 1 and LC3 expression, NF-κB acetylation levels, and autophagy bodies were detected in cell H/R and mouse I/R models by Western blot analysis. pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry. RESULTS miR-145 was abundantly expressed in the lung tissue of mice and PMVECs following I/R injury. In addition, miR-145 directly targeted SIRT1, which led to significantly decreased Pao2/FiO2 ratio and increased wet weight-to-dry weight ratio, elevated acetylation levels and transcriptional activity of NF-κB, upregulated expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins-6, and Beclin 1, autophagy bodies, cell apoptosis, as well as LC3-II/LC3I ratio. CONCLUSIONS In summary, miR-145 enhances autophagy and aggravates lung I/R injury by promoting NF-κB transcriptional activity via SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lu-Jie Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wang-Hong Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chun-Lin Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guo-Wen Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ben-Tong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Gao W, Guo H, Niu M, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Xue X, Bo Y, Guan X, Li Z, Guo Y, He L, Zhang Y, Li L, Cao J, Wu Y. circPARD3 drives malignant progression and chemoresistance of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting autophagy through the PRKCI-Akt-mTOR pathway. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:166. [PMID: 33234130 PMCID: PMC7686732 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common malignant tumor in head and neck. Autophagy and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in cancer progression and chemoresistance. However, the function and mechanism of circRNA in autophagy regulation of LSCC remain unclear. Methods The autophagy-suppressive circRNA circPARD3 was identified via RNA sequencing of 107 LSCC tissues and paired adjacent normal mucosal (ANM) tissues and high-content screening. RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed to detect circPARD3 expression and subcellular localization. Biological functions of circPARD3 were assessed by proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagic flux, and chemoresistance assays using in vitro and in vivo models. The mechanism of circPARD3 was investigated by RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pulldown, luciferase reporter assays, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results Autophagy was inhibited in LSCC, and circPARD3 was upregulated in the LSCC tissues (n = 100, p < 0.001). High circPARD3 level was associated with advanced T stages (p < 0.05), N stages (p = 0.001), clinical stages (p < 0.001), poor differentiation degree (p = 0.025), and poor prognosis (p = 0.002) of LSCC patients (n = 100). Functionally, circPARD3 inhibited autophagy and promoted LSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance. We further revealed that activation of the PRKCI-Akt-mTOR pathway through sponging miR-145-5p was the main mechanism of circPARD3 inhibited autophagy, promoting LSCC progression and chemoresistance. Conclusion Our study reveals that the novel autophagy-suppressive circPARD3 promotes LSCC progression and chemoresistance through the PRKCI-Akt-mTOR pathway, providing new insights into circRNA-mediated autophagy regulation and potential biomarker and target for LSCC treatment. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-020-01279-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huina Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Min Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiwang Zheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xuting Xue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yunfeng Bo
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, China
| | - Xiaoya Guan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zhongxun Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Long He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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20
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Zhou S, Qiao YM, Liu YG, Liu D, Hu JM, Liao J, Li M, Guo Y, Fan LP, Li LY, Zhao M. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with erythropoietin accelerate the repair of acute kidney injury. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:130. [PMID: 33292452 PMCID: PMC7667799 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising treatment option for acute kidney injury (AKI). The main drawbacks of MSCs therapy, including the lack of specific homing after systemic infusion and early cell death in the inflammatory microenvironment, directly affect the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. Erythropoietin (EPO)-preconditioning of MSCs promotes their therapeutic effect, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of EPO in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for AKI treatment. Results We found that incubation of BMSCs with ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)-induced AKI kidney homogenate supernatant (KHS) caused apoptosis in BMSCs, which was decreased by EPO pretreatment, indicating that EPO protected the cells from apoptosis. Further, we showed that EPO up-regulated silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and Bcl-2 expression and down-regulated p53 expression. This effect was partially reversed by SIRT1 siRNA intervention. The anti-apoptotic effect of EPO in pretreated BMSCs may be mediated through the SIRT1 pathway. In a rat AKI model, 24 h after intravenous infusion, GFP-BMSCs were predominantly located in the lungs. However, EPO pretreatment reduced the lung entrapment of BMSCs and increased their distribution in the target organs. AKI rats infused with EPO-BMSCs had significantly lower levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α, and a significantly higher level of IL-10 as compared to rats infused with untreated BMSCs. The administration of EPO-BMSCs after reperfusion reduced serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and pathological scores in I/R-AKI rats more effectively than BMSCs treatment did. Conclusions Our data suggest that EPO pretreatment enhances the efficacy of BMSCs to improve the renal function and pathological presentation of I/R-AKI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Ming Qiao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Guang Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Min Hu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Pei Fan
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liu-Yang Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China.
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Li M, Jiang T, Zhang W, Xie W, Guo T, Tang X, Zhang J. Human umbilical cord MSC-derived hepatocyte growth factor enhances autophagy in AOPP-treated HK-2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2765-2773. [PMID: 32765771 PMCID: PMC7401891 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation may serve as an important treatment modality in chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) have been demonstrated to induce renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) injury via autophagy inhibition. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the role of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) in RTEC autophagy. AOPP-treated HK-2 cells were co-cultured with hUC-MSCs or treated with recombinant humanized hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Western blotting was used to detect the levels of autophagy-and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins, and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the levels of autophagy-related proteins. The HGF protein levels in HK-2 cells and the hUC-MSC co-culture system were measured. The cells were subsequently treated with tivantinib, an HGF competitive inhibitor, and the levels of autophagy-related proteins were detected. Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) II/LC3B I (LC3II/LC3I) and beclin 1 protein levels were increased, while p62, PI3K, phosphorylated (p)-AKT and the p-mTOR protein levels were decreased in AOPP-treated HK-2 cells co-cultured with hUC-MSC, compared with the group treated with AOPP only. Furthermore, HGF expression was increased in AOPP-treated HK-2 cells co-cultured with hUC-MSC, compared with the group treated with AOPP alone. When HGF activity was inhibited using tivantinib, these effects on LC3II/LC3I, beclin 1, p62, PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR expression were partially reversed. Furthermore, the effects of tivantinib were reversed by Ly294002. In conclusion, the present study revealed that hUC-MSCs partially reversed AOPP-mediated inhibition of autophagy in HK-2 cells via secretion of HGF, indicating that hUC-MSCs may serve as a potential therapy for preventing the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Li
- Blood Purification Center, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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22
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Wang Z, Liu Q, Lu J, Cao J, Wang XY, Chen Y. Lidocaine promotes autophagy of SH-SY5Y cells through inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by upregulating miR-145. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:467-473. [PMID: 32905277 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lidocaine is one of the most common local anesthetics (LA) used in clinical practice and it is neurotoxic. Recent studies suggested that LA, including lidocaine, could exert protective effect over neurotoxicity by promoting autophagy. However, the underlying mechanism was not sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to explore the mechanism behind. Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was used throughout the whole study. The effect of lidocaine on viability, toxicity of SH-SY5Y cells were analyzed by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, respectively. The relative expression of miR-145 was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The impact which lidocaine brought on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy-related proteins were examined by the western blot assay. LC3B was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. The interaction between miR-145 and AKT3 was conducted by the dual-luciferase reporting assay. Lidocaine inhibited viability of SH-SY5Y cells in a time and dose dependent manner and enhanced the release of LDH in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the expression of miR-145 and autophagy were enhanced by lidocaine. Transfection with miR-145 inhibitor inhibited the release of LDH and autophagy. miR-145 targeted AKT3 to inhibit PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Finally, lidocaine inactivated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways via upregulation of miR-145, and it subsequently promoted autophagy of SH-SY5Y cells. However, silence of miR-145 could reverse the promotion of the autophagy of SH-SY5Y cells. Our results showed that lidocaine promoted autophagy of nerve cells via regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Administration , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province P. R. China
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23
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Stem cells hold great promise in regenerative medicine. Pluripotent stem cells have been differentiated into kidney organoids to understand human kidney development and to dissect renal disease mechanisms. Meanwhile, recent studies have explored the treatment of kidney diseases using a variety of cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and renal derivatives. This mini-review discusses the diverse mechanisms underlying current renal disease treatment via stem cell therapy. We postulate that clinical applications of stem cell therapy for kidney diseases can be readily achieved in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guoping Fan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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24
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Jiang W, Zhao W, Ye F, Huang S, Wu Y, Chen H, Zhou R, Fu G. Inhibiting PKCβ2 protects HK-2 cells against meglumine diatrizoate and AGEs-induced apoptosis and autophagy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:293. [PMID: 32355737 PMCID: PMC7186606 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Contrast induced diabetic nephropathy (CIN) is an important cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. Our aim was to observe the effect of protein kinase C β2 (PKCβ2) knockdown on human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) against meglumine diatrizoate and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Methods Cell viability was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay in HK-2 cells after disposal with meglumine diatrizoate and AGEs with or without PKCβ2 siRNA/inhibitor LY333531. Flow cytometry and western blot were used to test cell apoptosis and the related protein levels in meglumine diatrizoate and AGEs co-treated HK-2 cells with or without PKCβ2 siRNA/inhibitor LY333531. Autophagy related proteins were detected using western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the autophagy-specific protein light chain 3 (LC3), and autophagosome and autolysosome formation was observed under a transmission electron microscopy. Results CCK-8 assay results showed that meglumine diatrizoate inhibited AGEs-induced HK-2 cell viability. Furthermore, meglumine diatrizoate promoted cell apoptosis and the expression level of caspase3 in AGEs-induced HK-2. Western blot results showed that meglumine diatrizoate elevated the expression levels of PKCβ2 and p-PKCβ2 in AGEs-induced HK-2 cells, and up-regulated the expression level of Beclin-1 and the ratio of LC3 II/LC3 I, and down-regulated the expression level of p62 in AGEs-induced HK-2 cells. We found that PKCβ2 knockdown alleviated meglumine diatrizoate and AGEs-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis and autophagy. Intriguingly, PKCβ2 inhibitor LY333531 reversed 3-methyladenine (3-MA)-induced autophagy inhibition in meglumine diatrizoate and AGEs-induced HK-2 cells. Conclusions Our findings reveal that inhibiting PKCβ2 protects HK-2 cells against meglumine diatrizoate and AGEs-induced apoptosis and autophagy, which provide a novel therapeutic insight for CIN in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Fanhao Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shiwei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Youyang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
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25
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Tsuji K, Kitamura S, Wada J. Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030756. [PMID: 31979395 PMCID: PMC7037711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory and regenerative effects in many organs, including the kidney. Emerging evidence has shown that the trophic effects from MSCs are mainly mediated by the paracrine mechanism rather than the direct differentiation of MSCs into injured tissues. These secretomes from MSCs include cytokines, growth factors, chemokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins. Many research studies have revealed that secretomes from MSCs have potential to ameliorate renal injury in renal disease models, including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease through a variety of mechanisms. These trophic mechanisms include immunomodulatory and regenerative effects. In addition, accumulating evidence has uncovered the specific factors and therapeutic mechanisms in MSC-derived EVs. In this article, we summarize the recent advances of immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of EVs from MSCs, especially focusing on the microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinji Kitamura
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7235; Fax: +81-86-222-5214
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26
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Li W, Jin D, Takai S, Hayakawa T, Ogata J, Yamanishi K, Yamanishi H, Okamura H. Impaired function of aorta and perivascular adipose tissue in IL-18-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1142-H1156. [PMID: 31518161 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00813.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-18 is ubiquitously produced by both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. The present study examined the thoracic aorta, including the surrounding perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), of IL-18KO mice from functional and histological perspectives. IL-18KO mice exhibited raised blood pressure compared with wild-type mice. Echocardiographic examination showed a thickened vascular wall and narrowed vascular diameter of the aorta. Examination by the Magnus test demonstrated dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs) in the IL-18KO thoracic aorta and impairment of the anticontractile function of IL-18KO PVAT. Histological examination showed no inflammatory lesions in the aorta but indicated progressive fibrosis in the vessel and conversion of PVAT from brown adipose tissue-like features to white adipose tissue-like features. Electron microscopic observation suggested several deformed mitochondria in the aorta and vacuole-like structures in ECs from IL-18KO mice. In addition, activity of complex IV was lower and production of reactive oxygen species was augmented in the mitochondria of IL-18KO aorta. Although expression of LC3 B was higher, rapamycin-induced autophagy flux was impaired in the IL-18KO PVAT. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed that LAMP 1/2 was increased in IL-18KO PVAT, and measurement of cathepsin-D activity indicated decreased levels in IL-18KO PVAT. The IL-18KO thoracic aorta thus showed defects in physiological functions related to histological alterations, and the inflammasome/IL-18 system was suggested to play a protective role in cardiovascular cells, probably through quality control of mitochondria via promotion of autophagosome/autophagolysosome formation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY IL-18 deficiency caused aortic abnormalities in terms of morphology and functions in parallel with an accumulation of damaged mitochondria and anomalous turnover of protein complexes, such as PGC-1 and LAMP1 and -2 in PVAT. These findings suggested that IL-18 plays roles in maintaining the homeostasis of vessels and PVAT around the aorta, possibly by promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Denan Jin
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jun Ogata
- Hirakata General Hospital for Developmental Disorders, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Haruki Okamura
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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27
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Modulated Autophagy by MicroRNAs in Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1484152. [PMID: 31205933 PMCID: PMC6530247 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1484152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by articular cartilage regression. The etiology of OA is diverse, the exact pathogenesis of which remains unclear. Autophagy is a conserved maintenance mechanism in eukaryotic cells. Dysfunction of chondrocyte autophagy is regarded as a crucial pathogenesis of cartilage degradation in OA. MircoRNAs (miRNAs) are a category of small noncoding RNAs, acting as posttranscriptional modulators that regulate biological processes and cell signaling pathways via target genes. A series of miRNAs are involved in the progression of chondrocyte autophagy and are connected with numerous factors and pathways. This article focuses on the mechanisms of chondrocyte autophagy in OA and reviews the role of miRNA in their modulation. Potentially relevant miRNAs are also discussed in order to provide new directions for future research and improve our understanding of the autophagic network of miRNAs.
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