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Zhao X, Wang C, Zhao L, Tian Z. HBV DNA polymerase regulates tumor cell glycogen to enhance the malignancy of HCC cells. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0387. [PMID: 38358372 PMCID: PMC10871796 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The essential function of HBV DNA polymerase (HBV-DNA-Pol) is to initiate viral replication by reverse transcription; however, the role of HBV-DNA-Pol in HBV-associated HCC has not been clarified. Glycogen phosphorylase L (PYGL) is a critical regulator of glycogenolysis and is involved in tumorigenesis, including HCC. However, it is unknown whether HBV-DNA-Pol regulates PYGL to contribute to HCC tumorigenesis. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis, real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and oncology functional assays were performed to determine the contribution of HBV-DNA-Pol and PYGL to HCC development and glycolysis. The mechanisms of co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination were employed to ascertain how HBV-DNA-Pol upregulated PYGL. RESULTS Overexpression of HBV-DNA-Pol enhanced HCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HBV-DNA-Pol interacted with PYGL and increased PYGL protein levels by inhibiting PYGL ubiquitination, which was mediated by the E3 ligase TRIM21. HBV-DNA-Pol competitively impaired the binding of PYGL to TRIM21 due to its stronger binding affinity to TRIM21, suppressing the ubiquitination of PYGL. Moreover, HBV-DNA-Pol promoted glycogen decomposition by upregulating PYGL, which led to an increased flow of glucose into glycolysis, thereby promoting HCC development. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which HBV-DNA-Pol promotes HCC by controlling glycogen metabolism in HCC, establishing a direct link between HBV-DNA-Pol and the Warburg effect, thereby providing novel targets for HCC treatment and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liqing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Zhongzheng Tian
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extending Center, Jinan, China
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2
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Roohy F, Siri M, Kohansal K, Ghalandari A, Rezaei R, Maleki MH, Shams M, Monsef A, Dastghaib S. Targeting apoptosis and unfolded protein response: the impact of β-hydroxybutyrate in clear cell renal cell carcinoma under glucose-deprived conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:168. [PMID: 38252187 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) plays a significant role in the mortality associated with kidney cancer. Targeting biological processes that inhibit cancer growth opens up new treatment possibilities. The unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptosis have crucial roles in RCC progression. This study investigates the impact of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) on ccRCC cells under glucose deprivation resembling as a ketogenic diet. METHOD Caki-1 ccRCC cells were exposed to decreasing glucose concentrations alone or in combination with 10 or 25 mM BHB during 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay. The mRNA expression level of apoptosis-and UPR-related markers (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3, XBP1s, BIP, CHOP, ATF4, and ATF6) were assayed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Cell viability experiments demonstrated that combining different doses of BHB with decreasing glucose levels initially improved cell viability after 48 h. Nevertheless, this trend reversed after 72 h, with higher impacts disclosed at 25 mM BHB. Apoptosis was induced in BHB-treated cells as caspase-3 and Bax were increased and Bcl-2 was downregulated. BHB supplementation reduced UPR-related gene expression (XBP1s, BIP, CHOP, ATF4, and ATF6), revealing a possible mechanism by which BHB affects cell survival. CONCLUSION This research emphasizes the dual effect of BHB, initially suppressing cell- survival under glucose deprivation but eventually triggering apoptosis and suppressing UPR signaling. These data highlight the intricate connection between metabolic reprogramming and cellular stress response in ccRCC. Further research is recommended to explore the potential of BHB as a therapeutic strategy for managing ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Roohy
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kiarash Kohansal
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsane Ghalandari
- Student Research Committee, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Roya Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mesbah Shams
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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3
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Barot S, Patel H, Yadav A, Ban I. Recent advancement in targeted therapy and role of emerging technologies to treat cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:324. [PMID: 37805624 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that causes abnormal cell growth and spread. DNA mutations, chemical or environmental exposure, viral infections, chronic inflammation, hormone abnormalities, etc., are underlying factors that can cause cancer. Drug resistance and toxicity complicate cancer treatment. Additionally, the variability of cancer makes it difficult to establish universal treatment guidelines. Next-generation sequencing has made genetic testing inexpensive. This uncovers genetic mutations that can be treated with specialty drugs. AI (artificial intelligence), machine learning, biopsy, next-generation sequencing, and digital pathology provide personalized cancer treatment. This allows for patient-specific biological targets and cancer treatment. Monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T, and cancer vaccines are promising cancer treatments. Recent trial data incorporating these therapies have shown superiority in clinical outcomes and drug tolerability over conventional chemotherapies. Combinations of these therapies with new technology can change cancer treatment and help many. This review discusses the development and challenges of targeted therapies like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs), dual variable domain (DVD) antibodies, CAR-T therapy, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA cancer vaccines, and their clinical outcomes in various cancers. We will also study how artificial intelligence and machine learning help find new cancer treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Barot
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Henis Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Anjali Yadav
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Igor Ban
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
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4
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Davidson CD, Tomczak JA, Amiel E, Carr FE. Inhibition of Glycogen Metabolism Induces Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Cytotoxicity in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6761322. [PMID: 36240295 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal solid tumors, yet there are no effective, long-lasting treatments for ATC patients. Most tumors, including tumors of the endocrine system, exhibit an increased consumption of glucose to fuel cancer progression, and some cancers meet this high glucose requirement by metabolizing glycogen. Our goal was to determine whether ATC cells metabolize glycogen and if this could be exploited for treatment. We detected glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase (PYG) isoforms in normal thyroid and thyroid cancer cell lines and patient-derived biopsy samples. Inhibition of PYG using CP-91,149 induced apoptosis in ATC cells but not normal thyroid cells. CP-91,149 decreased NADPH levels and induced reactive oxygen species accumulation. CP-91,149 severely blunted ATC tumor growth in vivo. Our work establishes glycogen metabolism as a novel metabolic process in thyroid cells, which presents a unique, oncogenic target that could offer an improved clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole D Davidson
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jennifer A Tomczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Eyal Amiel
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Frances E Carr
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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5
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Barot S, Stephenson OJ, Priya Vemana H, Yadav A, Bhutkar S, Trombetta LD, Dukhande VV. Metabolic alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction underlie hepatocellular carcinoma cell death induced by a glycogen metabolic inhibitor. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115201. [PMID: 35926650 PMCID: PMC10039449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. There is an urgent need for new targets to treat HCC due to limited treatment options and drug resistance. Many cancer cells are known to have high amount of glycogen than their tissue of origin and inhibition of glycogen catabolism induces cancer cell death by apoptosis. To further understand the role of glycogen in HCC and target it for pharmacotherapy, we studied metabolic adaptations and mitochondrial function in HepG2 cells after pharmacological inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) by CP-91149 (CP). GP inhibition increased the glycogen levels in HepG2 cells without affecting overall glucose uptake. Glycolytic capacity and importantly glycolytic reserve decreased significantly. Electron microscopy revealed that CP treatment altered mitochondrial morphology leading to mitochondrial swelling with less defined cristae. A concomitant decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and mitochondria-linked ATP generation was observed. Metabolomics and enzyme activity / expression studies showed a decrease in the pentose phosphate pathway. In addition, CP treatment decreased the growth of HepG2 3D tumor spheroids in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Taken together, our study provides insights into metabolic alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction accompanying apoptosis in HepG2 cells upon GP inhibition. Our study can aid in the understanding of the mechanism and development of metabolic inhibitors to treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Barot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Olivia J Stephenson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Hari Priya Vemana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Anjali Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Shraddha Bhutkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Louis D Trombetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vikas V Dukhande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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Xia H, Huang Z, Wang Z, Liu S, Zhao X, You J, Xu Y, Yam JWP, Cui Y. Glucometabolic reprogramming: From trigger to therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:953668. [PMID: 35912218 PMCID: PMC9336635 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.953668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose, the central macronutrient, releases energy as ATP through carbon bond oxidation and supports various physiological functions of living organisms. Hepatocarcinogenesis relies on the bioenergetic advantage conferred by glucometabolic reprogramming. The exploitation of reformed metabolism induces a uniquely inert environment conducive to survival and renders the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells the extraordinary ability to thrive even in the nutrient-poor tumor microenvironment. The rewired metabolism also confers a defensive barrier which protects the HCC cells from environmental stress and immune surveillance. Additionally, targeted interventions against key players of HCC metabolic and signaling pathways provide promising prospects for tumor therapy. The active search for novel drugs based on innovative mutation targets is warranted in the future for effectively treating advanced HCC and the preoperative downstage. This article aims to review the regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic value of glucometabolic reprogramming on the disease progression of HCC, to gain insights into basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyue Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhensheng Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuqiang Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junqi You
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Xu, ; Judy Wai Ping Yam, ; Yunfu Cui,
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Xu, ; Judy Wai Ping Yam, ; Yunfu Cui,
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Xu, ; Judy Wai Ping Yam, ; Yunfu Cui,
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7
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Zois CE, Hendriks AM, Haider S, Pires E, Bridges E, Kalamida D, Voukantsis D, Lagerholm BC, Fehrmann RSN, den Dunnen WFA, Tarasov AI, Baba O, Morris J, Buffa FM, McCullagh JSO, Jalving M, Harris AL. Liver glycogen phosphorylase is upregulated in glioblastoma and provides a metabolic vulnerability to high dose radiation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:573. [PMID: 35764612 PMCID: PMC9240045 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Channelling of glucose via glycogen, known as the glycogen shunt, may play an important role in the metabolism of brain tumours, especially in hypoxic conditions. We aimed to dissect the role of glycogen degradation in glioblastoma (GBM) response to ionising radiation (IR). Knockdown of the glycogen phosphorylase liver isoform (PYGL), but not the brain isoform (PYGB), decreased clonogenic growth and survival of GBM cell lines and sensitised them to IR doses of 10-12 Gy. Two to five days after IR exposure of PYGL knockdown GBM cells, mitotic catastrophy and a giant multinucleated cell morphology with senescence-like phenotype developed. The basal levels of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-acid glucosidase (GAA), essential for autolysosomal glycogen degradation, and the lipidated forms of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like (GABARAPL1 and GABARAPL2) increased in shPYGL U87MG cells, suggesting a compensatory mechanism of glycogen degradation. In response to IR, dysregulation of autophagy was shown by accumulation of the p62 and the lipidated form of GABARAPL1 and GABARAPL2 in shPYGL U87MG cells. IR increased the mitochondrial mass and the colocalisation of mitochondria with lysosomes in shPYGL cells, thereby indicating reduced mitophagy. These changes coincided with increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, slower ATP generation in response to glucose loading and progressive loss of oxidative phosphorylation. The resulting metabolic deficiencies affected the availability of ATP required for mitosis, resulting in the mitotic catastrophy observed in shPYGL cells following IR. PYGL mRNA and protein levels were higher in human GBM than in normal human brain tissues and high PYGL mRNA expression in GBM correlated with poor patient survival. In conclusion, we show a major new role for glycogen metabolism in GBM cancer. Inhibition of glycogen degradation sensitises GBM cells to high-dose IR indicating that PYGL is a potential novel target for the treatment of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos E Zois
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Oxford University, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Anne M Hendriks
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Oxford University, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Syed Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Esther Bridges
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Oxford University, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Dimitra Kalamida
- Department of Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Voukantsis
- The Bioinformatics Hub, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Rudolf S N Fehrmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Otto Baba
- Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - John Morris
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mathilde Jalving
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Oxford University, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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8
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Krysa SJ, Allen LAH. Metabolic Reprogramming Mediates Delayed Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils Infected With Francisella tularensis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836754. [PMID: 35693822 PMCID: PMC9174434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs) have a distinctively short lifespan, and tight regulation of cell survival and death is imperative for their normal function. We demonstrated previously that Francisella tularensis extends human neutrophil lifespan, which elicits an impaired immune response characterized by neutrophil dysfunction. Herein, we extended these studies, including our transcriptional profiling data, and employed Seahorse extracellular flux analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolite analysis, flow cytometry and several other biochemical approaches to demonstrate that the delayed apoptosis observed in F. tularensis-infected neutrophils is mediated, in part, by metabolic reprogramming. Specifically, we show that F. tularensis-infected neutrophils exhibited a unique metabolic signature characterized by increased glycolysis, glycolytic flux and glucose uptake, downregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway, and complex glycogen dynamics. Glucose uptake and glycolysis were essential for cell longevity, although glucose-6-phosphate translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum was not, and we identify depletion of glycogen as a potential trigger of apoptosis onset. In keeping with this, we also demonstrate that ablation of apoptosis with the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh was sufficient to profoundly increase glycolysis and glycogen stores in the absence of infection. Taken together, our data significantly advance understanding of neutrophil immunometabolism and its capacity to regulate cell lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Krysa
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Lee-Ann H. Allen
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Lee-Ann H. Allen,
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9
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Neofytos DD, Papagiannopoulos A, Chrysina ED, Pispas S. Formation and physicochemical properties of glycogen phosphorylase in complex with a cationic polyelectrolyte. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:371-380. [PMID: 35240213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (RMGPb) in electrostatic complexes with the cationic polyelectrolyte poly 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate in its quenched form (QPDMAEMA) was studied in two buffer solutions. In the N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES) buffer, large complexes of RMGPb-QPDMAEMA were formed which adopted smaller sizes as QPDMAEMA concentration increased. However, in N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES) buffer, the hydrodynamic radius of the formed complexes gradually increased as the polymer concentration increased. Zeta potential measurements (ζp) showed that RMGPb significantly changed the ζp of the QPDMAEMA aggregates. Fluorescence studies showed that the interaction between RMGPb and QPDMAEAMA was enhanced as polymer concentration increased. Specifically, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence indicated that in the BES buffer the aggregates became denser as more QPDMAEMA was added, while in the HEPES buffer the density of the formed structures decreased. RMGPb's secondary structure was examined by Attenuated Total Reflection - Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) showing that QPDMAEMA interaction with RMGPb does not induce any changes to the secondary structure of the enzyme. These observations suggest that cationic polyelectrolytes may be utilized for the formulation of RMGPb in multifunctional nanostructures and be further exploited in innovative biotechnology applications and bioinspired materials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios D Neofytos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelia D Chrysina
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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10
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Quercetin Regulates Key Components of the Cellular Microenvironment during Early Hepatocarcinogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020358. [PMID: 35204240 PMCID: PMC8868318 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a health problem worldwide due to its high mortality rate, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in the HCC progression. The current ineffective therapies to fight the disease still warrant the development of preventive strategies. Quercetin has been shown to have different antitumor activities; however, its effect on TME components in preneoplastic lesions has not been fully investigated yet. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of quercetin (10 mg/kg) on TME components during the early stages of HCC progression induced in the rat. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that quercetin decreases the size of preneoplastic lesions, glycogen and collagen accumulation, the expression of cancer stem cells and myofibroblasts markers, and that of the transporter ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 (ABCC3), a marker of HCC progression and multi-drug resistance. Our results strongly suggest that quercetin has the capability to reduce key components of TME, as well as the expression of ABCC3. Thus, quercetin can be an alternative treatment for inhibiting the growth of early HCC tumors.
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11
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Chen YF, Zhu JJ, Li J, Ye XS. O-GlcNAcylation increases PYGL activity by promoting phosphorylation. Glycobiology 2021; 32:101-109. [PMID: 34939084 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that links metabolism with signal transduction. High O-GlcNAcylation appears to be the general characteristic of cancer cells. It promotes the invasion, metastasis, proliferation and survival of tumor cells, and alters many metabolic pathways. Glycogen metabolism increases in a wide variety of tumors, suggesting that it is an important aspect of cancer pathophysiology. Herein we focused on the O-GlcNAcylation of liver glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL), an important catabolism enzyme in the glycogen metabolism pathway. PYGL expressed in both HEK 293 T and HCT116 were modified by O-GlcNAc. And both PYGL O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of Ser15 (pSer15) were decreased under glucose and insulin, while increased under glucagon and Na2S2O4 (hypoxia) conditions. Then, we identified the major O-GlcNAcylation site to be Ser430, and demonstrated that pSer15 and Ser430 O-GlcNAcylation were mutually reinforced. Lastly, we found that Ser430 O-GlcNAcylation was fundamental for PYGL activity. Thus, O-GlcNAcylation of PYGL positively regulated pSer15 and therefore its enzymatic activity. Our results provided another molecular insight into the intricate post-translational regulation network of PYGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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12
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Gorska-Ponikowska M, Bastian P, Zauszkiewicz-Pawlak A, Ploska A, Zubrzycki A, Kuban-Jankowska A, Nussberger S, Kalinowski L, Kmiec Z. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in 2-methoxyestradiol-mediated osteosarcoma cell death. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1616. [PMID: 33452331 PMCID: PMC7811003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most malignant tumors of childhood and adolescence. Research on mitochondrial dynamics (fusion/fission) and biogenesis has received much attention in last few years, as they are crucial for death of cancer cells. Specifically, it was shown that increased expression of the cytoplasmic dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) triggers mitochondrial fission (division), which activates BAX and downstream intrinsic apoptosis, effectively inhibiting OS growth. In the presented study, human OS cells (metastatic 143B OS cell line) were incubated with 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) at both physiologically and pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Confocal microscopy and western blot methods were applied to examine changes in Drp1 and BAX protein levels. Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor 1, MDIVI-1, was used in the study to further examine the role of Drp1 in 2-ME-mediated mechanism of action. To determine quantitative and qualitative changes in mitochondria, electron microscopy was used. 2-ME at all used concentrations increased mitochondrial fission and induced autophagy in OS cells. At the concentration of 1 µM 2-ME increased the area density of mitochondria in OS cells. Subsequent, upregulated expression of Drp1 and BAX proteins by 2-ME strongly suggests the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. We further observed 2-ME-mediated regulation of glycolytic state of OS cells. Therefore, we suggest that changes of mitochondrial dynamics may represent a novel mechanism of anticancer action of 2-ME. This finding may open new approaches to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of OS, however, it has to be confirmed by in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland ,grid.5719.a0000 0004 1936 9713Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany ,grid.428936.2Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paulina Bastian
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Zauszkiewicz-Pawlak
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Ploska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland ,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrian Zubrzycki
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Kuban-Jankowska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stephan Nussberger
- grid.5719.a0000 0004 1936 9713Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland ,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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13
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Exploring gene knockout strategies to identify potential drug targets using genome-scale metabolic models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:213. [PMID: 33420254 PMCID: PMC7794450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on new cancer drugs is performed either through gene knockout studies or phenotypic screening of drugs in cancer cell-lines. Both of these approaches are costly and time-consuming. Computational framework, e.g., genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs), could be a good alternative to find potential drug targets. The present study aims to investigate the applicability of gene knockout strategies to be used as the finding of drug targets using GSMMs. We performed single-gene knockout studies on existing GSMMs of the NCI-60 cell-lines obtained from 9 tissue types. The metabolic genes responsible for the growth of cancerous cells were identified and then ranked based on their cellular growth reduction. The possible growth reduction mechanisms, which matches with the gene knockout results, were described. Gene ranking was used to identify potential drug targets, which reduce the growth rate of cancer cells but not of the normal cells. The gene ranking results were also compared with existing shRNA screening data. The rank-correlation results for most of the cell-lines were not satisfactory for a single-gene knockout, but it played a significant role in deciding the activity of drug against cell proliferation, whereas multiple gene knockout analysis gave better correlation results. We validated our theoretical results experimentally and showed that the drugs mitotane and myxothiazol can inhibit the growth of at least four cell-lines of NCI-60 database.
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Khan T, Sullivan MA, Gunter JH, Kryza T, Lyons N, He Y, Hooper JD. Revisiting Glycogen in Cancer: A Conspicuous and Targetable Enabler of Malignant Transformation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:592455. [PMID: 33224887 PMCID: PMC7667517 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be exclusively a storage hub for glucose, glycogen is now known to be essential in a range of physiological processes and pathological conditions. Glycogen lies at the nexus of diverse processes that promote malignancy, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. It is also implicated in processes associated with the tumor microenvironment such as immune cell effector function and crosstalk with cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote metastasis. The enzymes of glycogen metabolism are dysregulated in a wide variety of malignancies, including cancers of the kidney, ovary, lung, bladder, liver, blood, and breast. Understanding and targeting glycogen metabolism in cancer presents a promising but under-explored therapeutic avenue. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of glycogen in cancer progression and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashbib Khan
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Mitchell A. Sullivan
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- Faculty of Health, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Lyons
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Yaowu He
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - John D. Hooper
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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