1
|
Zhao F, Chen Y, Xie Y, Kong S, Song L, Li H, Guo C, Yin Y, Zhang W, Zhu T. Identification of Zip8-correlated hub genes in pulmonary hypertension by informatic analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15939. [PMID: 37663293 PMCID: PMC10470448 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a syndrome characterized by marked remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and increased pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately leading to right heart failure and even death. The localization of Zrt/Irt-like Protein 8 (ZIP8, a metal ion transporter, encoded by SLC39A8) was abundantly in microvasculature endothelium and its pivotal role in the lung has been demonstrated. However, the role of Zip8 in PH remains unclear. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was employed to identify SLC39A8 expression patterns and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PH patients and normal controls (NC), based on four datasets (GSE24988, GSE113439, GSE117261, and GSE15197) from the Biotechnology Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to analyze signaling pathways enriched for DEGs. Hub genes were identified by cytoHubba analysis in Cytoscape. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to validate SLC39A8 and its correlated metabolic DEGs expression in PH (SU5416/Hypoxia) mice. Results SLC39A8 expression was downregulated in PH patients, and this expression pattern was validated in PH (SU5416/Hypoxia) mouse lung tissue. SLC39A8-correlated genes were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways. Within these SLC39A8-correlated genes, 202 SLC39A8-correlated metabolic genes were screened out, and seven genes were identified as SLC39A8-correlated metabolic hub genes. The expression patterns of hub genes were analyzed between PH patients and controls and further validated in PH mice. Finally, four genes (Fasn, Nsdhl, Acat2, and Acly) were downregulated in PH mice. However, there were no significant differences in the expression of the other three hub genes between PH mice and controls. Of the four genes, Fasn and Acly are key enzymes in fatty acids synthesis, Nsdhl is involved in cholesterol synthesis, and Acat2 is implicated in cholesterol metabolic transformation. Taken together, these results provide novel insight into the role of Zip8 in PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- FanRong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yujing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuliang Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - LiaoFan Song
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hanfei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chao Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanyan Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Departments of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Z, Zhu L, Nie X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Qi Y. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase protects obese mice from acute lung injury via ameliorating lung endothelial dysfunction. Respir Res 2023; 24:81. [PMID: 36922854 PMCID: PMC10018982 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI under obesity. METHODS A high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model was established and lean mice fed with regular chow diet were served as controls. LPS was intratracheally instilled to reproduce ALI in mice. In vitro, primary mouse lung endothelial cells (MLECs), treated by palmitic acid (PA) or co-cultured with 3T3-L1 adipocytes, were exposed to LPS. Chemical inhibitor C75 or shRNA targeting FASN was used for in vivo and in vitro loss-of-function studies for FASN. RESULTS After LPS instillation, the protein levels of FASN in freshly isolated lung endothelial cells from DIO mice were significantly higher than those from lean mice. MLECs undergoing metabolic stress exhibited increased levels of FASN, decreased levels of VE-cadherin with increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and NLRP3 expression, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired endothelial barrier compared with the control MLECs when exposed to LPS. However, these effects were attenuated by FASN inhibition with C75 or corresponding shRNA. In vivo, LPS-induced ALI, C75 pretreatment remarkably alleviated LPS-induced overproduction of lung inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and lung vascular hyperpermeability in DIO mice as evidenced by increased VE-cadherin expression in lung endothelial cells and decreased lung vascular leakage. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, FASN inhibition alleviated the exacerbation of LPS-induced lung injury under obesity via rescuing lung endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, targeting FASN may be a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating LPS-induced ALI in obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhua Wu
- grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Li Zhu
- grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Xinran Nie
- grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yingli Liu
- grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yong Qi
- grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Pei C, Chen Y, Xiao X, Zhang X, Cai K, Deng S, Liang R, Xie Z, Li P, Liao Q. Kidney tea ameliorates hyperuricemia in mice via altering gut microbiota and restoring metabolic profile. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 376:110449. [PMID: 36921834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu, also known as kidney tea (KT), has been widely employed in kidney protection in Chinese Medicine. It has been reported that KT can lower uric acid (UA) and mitigate gout, while the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Given the close relationship between hyperuricemia (HUA), intestinal flora and host metabolism, this study aimed to explore the mechanism by which KT lowers UA from the perspective of the fecal microbiome and metabolome. Initially, mice were intraperitoneally injected with potassium oxonate to induce the HUA model. The results showed that KT markedly reduced the serum level of UA and impaired renal damage in HUA mice. Subsequently, the result of 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that KT administration appeared a significant improvement in the structure of the intestinal flora, especially increased the abundances of Roseburia and Enterorhabdus, while decreased the abundances of Ileibacterium and UBA1819. Moreover, the levels of differential metabolites (including twenty-five in feces and eight in serum) identified by untargeted metabolomics returned to normal after KT intervention. Taken together, the mechanism of KT in alleviating HUA is related to the regulation of the intestinal flora and the remodeling of metabolic disorders, which will lay a theoretical foundation for KT as a UA-lowering drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Chaoying Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Kaiwei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Song Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Rongyao Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangming District, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518106, China
| | - Pei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China.
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, No. 232, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) improves endothelial function in pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 80:102200. [PMID: 36842770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is critical in the pulmonary vasculature during pulmonary hypertension (PH). Moreover, in PH, increased inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress cause DNA damage, activating poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Meloche et al. (2014) and our previous research have shown that inhibiting PARP-1 is protective in PH and associated RV hypertrophy. However, the role of PARP-1 in pulmonary arterial endothelial dysfunction has not been explored completely. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the involvement of PARP-1 in endothelial dysfunction associated with PH. Hypoxia (1% O2) was used to induce a PH-like phenotype in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), and PARP-1 inhibition was achieved via siRNA (60 nM). For the in vivo study, male Sprague Dawley rats were administered monocrotaline (MCT; 60 mg/kg, SC, once) to induce PH, and 1, 5-isoquinolinediol (ISO; 3 mg/kg) was administered daily intraperitoneally to inhibit PARP-1. PARP-1 inhibition decreased proliferation and inflammation, as well as improved mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxic HPAECs. Furthermore, PARP-1 inhibition also promoted apoptosis by increasing DNA damage in hypoxic HPAECs. In addition, inhibition of PARP-1 reduced cell migration, VEGF expression, and tubule formation in hypoxic HPAECs. In in vivo studies, PARP-1 inhibition by ISO significantly decreased the RVP and RVH as well as improved endothelial function by increasing the pulmonary vascular reactivity and expression of p-eNOS in MCT-treated rats.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang MQ, Wang CC, Pang XB, Shi JZ, Li HR, Xie XM, Wang Z, Zhang HD, Zhou YF, Chen JW, Han ZY, Zhao LL, He YY. Role of macrophages in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152881. [PMID: 37153557 PMCID: PMC10154553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary vascular disease characterized by progressive pulmonary artery pressure elevation, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and ultimately right heart failure. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of multiple immune cells in the development of PAH in patients with PAH and in experimental PAH. Among them, macrophages, as the predominant inflammatory cells infiltrating around PAH lesions, play a crucial role in exacerbating pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH. Macrophages are generally polarized into (classic) M1 and (alternative) M2 phenotypes, they accelerate the process of PAH by secreting various chemokines and growth factors (CX3CR1, PDGF). In this review we summarize the mechanisms of immune cell action in PAH, as well as the key factors that regulate the polarization of macrophages in different directions and their functional changes after polarization. We also summarize the effects of different microenvironments on macrophages in PAH. The insight into the interactions between macrophages and other cells, chemokines and growth factors may provide important clues for the development of new, safe and effective immune-targeted therapies for PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Chen-Chen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jun-Zhuo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hao-Ran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Mei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Da Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ji-Wang Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zhi-Yan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang-Yang He, ; Lu-Ling Zhao, ; Zhi-Yan Han,
| | - Lu-Ling Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Yang-Yang He, ; Lu-Ling Zhao, ; Zhi-Yan Han,
| | - Yang-Yang He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Yang-Yang He, ; Lu-Ling Zhao, ; Zhi-Yan Han,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) improves pulmonary hypertension by regulating mitochondrial and metabolic functions. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2022; 76:102156. [PMID: 36030026 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and endothelial cells (PAECs), inflammation, as well as mitochondrial and metabolic dysregulation, contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a potent natural antioxidant with anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective properties, is known to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. However, its effect on cellular proliferation, apoptosis resistance, mitochondrial and metabolic alterations associated with PH remains unexplored. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of PQQ in the treatment of PH. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs), endothelial cells (PAECs), and primary cultured cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia to induce PH-like phenotype. Furthermore, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats injected with monocrotaline (MCT) (60 mg/kg, SC, once) progressively developed pulmonary hypertension. PQQ treatment (2 mg/kg, PO, for 35 days) attenuated cellular proliferation and promoted apoptosis via a mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Furthermore, PQQ treatment in HPASMCs prevented mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics while preserving respiratory complexes, and reduced insulin resistance. In addition, PQQ treatment (preventive and curative) significantly attenuated the increase in right ventricle pressure and hypertrophy as well as reduced endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary artery remodeling in MCT-treated rats. PQQ also prevented cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac functions as well as reduced inflammation in MCT-treated rats. Altogether, the above findings demonstrate that PQQ can attenuate mitochondrial as well as metabolic abnormalities in PASMCs and also prevent the development of PH in MCT treated rats; hence PQQ may act as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of PH.
Collapse
|
7
|
Syed AA, Reza MI, Shafiq M, Kumariya S, Katekar R, Hanif K, Gayen JR. Cissus quadrangularis extract mitigates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting RAAS activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Biomarkers 2022; 27:743-752. [PMID: 35896310 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an age-related disease, and its progression is accompanied by hyperglycemia, cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial structural and functional abnormalities. Cissus quadrangularis, a traditional medicinal plant, contains polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, carbohydrates, and ascorbic acid. It is used to treat osteoporosis, asthma, haemorrhoids, and menstrual disorders. In the current research, we have investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) against a high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin-induced DCM by estimating cardiac biomarkers, inflammatory markers and ROS production.Material and methodsRats were fed with an HFD for 12 weeks, followed by single-shot low-dose streptozotocin (35mg/kg; i.p.). The treatment was performed by EECQ (200 mg/kg/day, orally) for six weeks. ResultsThe extract EECQ improves glucose, insulin tolerance tests, and hypercholesteremia. DCM is characterized by cardiac dysfunction, cardiac biomarkers CKMB, and LDH, which were attenuated by the EECQ treatment. The hypertrophic biomarker ANP, BNP expression and cardiomyocyte surface area were decreased by EECQ. Moreover, EECQ also alleviated the biomarkers Angiotensin II and renin level. EECQ also reduced oxidative stress, ROS production and cardiac inflammation.ConclusionThus, these findings suggested that EECQ could be used as a possible therapeutic regiment to treat DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Shafiq
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Sanjana Kumariya
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao Q, Hou C, Lu Y, Qiu Q, Xie L, Xu S, Xiao T, Zhong M. Characterization and protective effects of a novel Bosentan nano-particle. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
The Emerging Role of Fatty Acid Synthase in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertensive Mouse Energy Metabolism. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9990794. [PMID: 34457121 PMCID: PMC8387195 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9990794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims This study is aimed at examining whether fatty acid synthase (FAS) can regulate mitochondrial function in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and its related mechanism. Results The expression of FAS significantly increased in the lung tissue of mice with hypoxia-induced PAH, and its pharmacological inhibition by C75 ameliorated right ventricle cardiac function as revealed by echocardiographic analysis. Based on transmission electron microscopy and Seahorse assays, the mitochondrial function of mice with hypoxia was abnormal but was partially reversed after C75 injection. In vitro studies also showed an increase in the expression of FAS in hypoxia-induced human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs), which could be attenuated by FAS shRNA as well as C75 treatment. Meanwhile, C75 treatment reversed hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and activated PI3K/AKT signaling. shRNA-mediated inhibition of FAS reduced its expression and oxidative stress levels and improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity and ATP levels of hypoxia-induced HPASMCs. Conclusions Inhibition of FAS plays a crucial role in shielding mice from hypoxia-induced PAH, which was partially achieved through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, indicating that the inhibition of FAS may provide a potential future direction for reversing PAH in humans.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wong XK, Yeong KY. A Patent Review on the Current Developments of Benzoxazoles in Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3237-3262. [PMID: 34289258 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The benzoxazole moiety is widely found in various natural compounds, which are often found to be biologically active. Due to its versatile biological properties, benzoxazole has been incorporated as an essential pharmacophore and substructure in many medicinal compounds. In the past years, numerous benzoxazole derivatives have been synthesised and evaluated for their biological potential. The wide range in therapeutic potential of benzoxazole derivatives is related to the favourable interactions of the benzoxazole moiety with different protein targets. Herein we review the biological activities of benzoxazole derivatives patented within the past six years. Using the Lens database, granted patents issued from 2015 to 2020 were retrieved. The patented benzoxazole derivatives demonstrated excellent activity against various protein targets and diseases, with some reaching clinical trial stage. Pharmacological and medicinal aspects of patented benzoxazole derivatives are discussed. The recent development and drawbacks are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Khai Wong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang X, Tian Z, Qi D, Li Y, Jiang H. Antihypertensive activity of oleanolic acid is mediated via downregulation of secretory phospholipase A2 and fatty acid synthase in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:2019-2034. [PMID: 33125128 PMCID: PMC7595669 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is reported to possess antihypertensive activity via the regulation of lipid metabolism; however, the mechanisms underlying lipid regulation by OA are yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mechanisms via which OA regulates lipid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) via ultra‑performance liquid chromatography‑quadrupole/Orbitrap‑mass spectrometry (MS)‑based lipidomics analysis. SHRs were treated with OA (1.08 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The liver tissues were excised, homogenized in dichloromethane and centrifuged, and subsequently the supernatant layer was collected and concentrated under vacuum to dryness. The dichloromethane extract was subjected to MS analysis and database searching, and comparison of standards was performed to identify potential biomarkers. Partial least squares‑discriminant analysis performed on the liver lipidome revealed a total of 14 endogenous metabolites that were significantly changed in the SHR model group (SH group) compared with Wistar Kyoto rats [normal control (NC group)], including glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and glycerides. Heatmaps revealed that the liver lipid profiles in the OA group were clustered more closely compared with those observed in the NC group, indicating that the antihypertensive effect of OA was mediated via regulation of liver lipid metabolites. It was observed that the protein levels of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were increased in the SH group compared with the NC group. In addition, the levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and triglycerides in the liver were elevated, whereas the levels of low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol were reduced in the SH group. Upon treatment with OA, the mRNA and protein levels of PLA2 and FAS were observed to be downregulated. Collectively, the present study indicated that the antihypertensive activity of OA was mediated via downregulation of sPLA2 and FAS in SHRs, and that treatment with OA resulted in significant improvements in blood pressure and associated abnormalities in the lipid metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Zhang
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yuecheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|