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Ortega Duran M, Shaheed SU, Sutton CW, Shnyder SD. A Proteomic Investigation to Discover Candidate Proteins Involved in Novel Mechanisms of 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:342. [PMID: 38391955 PMCID: PMC10886605 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to therapeutic success in colorectal cancer (CRC) is the development of acquired resistance to treatment with drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Whilst some resistance mechanisms are well known, it is clear from the stasis in therapy success rate that much is still unknown. Here, a proteomics approach is taken towards identification of candidate proteins using 5-FU-resistant sublines of human CRC cell lines generated in house. Using a multiplexed stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy, 5-FU-resistant and equivalently passaged sensitive cell lines were compared to parent cell lines by growing in Heavy medium with 2D liquid chromatography and Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid™ Mass Spectrometry analysis. Among 3003 commonly quantified proteins, six (CD44, APP, NAGLU, CORO7, AGR2, PLSCR1) were found up-regulated, and six (VPS45, RBMS2, RIOK1, RAP1GDS1, POLR3D, CD55) down-regulated. A total of 11 of the 12 proteins have a known association with drug resistance mechanisms or role in CRC oncogenesis. Validation through immunodetection techniques confirmed high expression of CD44 and CD63, two known drug resistance mediators with elevated proteomics expression results. The information revealed by the sensitivity of this method warrants it as an important tool for elaborating the complexity of acquired drug resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ortega Duran
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Sadr Ul Shaheed
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK
| | | | - Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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2
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Dehghani A, Khajepour F, Dehghani M, Razmara E, Zangouey M, Abadi MFS, Nezhad RBA, Dabiri S, Garshasbi M. Hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p are down-regulated expressed in high dysplasia HPV-positive Pap smear samples compared to normal cytology HPV-positive Pap smear samples. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:182. [PMID: 38342922 PMCID: PMC10860252 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may affect the miRNA expression pattern during cervical cancer (CC) development. To demonstrate the association between high-risk HPVs and the development of cervix dysplasia, we examined the expression patterns of hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p in Pap smear samples from southeast Iranian women. We compared samples that were HPV-positive but showed no abnormality in the cytological examination to samples that were HPV-positive and had severe dysplasia. METHODS Pap smear samples were obtained from 60 HPV-positive (HPV-16/18) patients with histologically confirmed severe dysplasia (cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN 3) or carcinoma in situ) and the normal cytology group. The expression of hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR, using specific stem-loop primers and U6 snRNA as the internal reference gene. Clinicopathological features were associated with miRNA expression levels. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was conducted using in silico tools. The Kaplan-Meier survival method was also obtained to discriminate survival-significant candidate miRNAs in CC, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the diagnostic value. RESULTS Compared to HPV-positive cytologically normal Pap smear samples, hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p relative expression decreased significantly in HPV-positive patients with a severe dysplasia Pap smear. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a significant association between the miR-194 decrease and poor CC survival. In essence, ROC curve analysis showed that miR-194-5p and miR-195-5p could serve as valuable markers for the development of cervix dysplasia in individuals who are positive for high-risk HPVs. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p may possess tumor suppressor capabilities in the context of cervical dysplasia progression. However, it remains uncertain whether these microRNAs are implicated in the transition of patients with high dysplasia to cervical cancer. We also showed the potential capability of candidate miRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers related to cervical dysplasia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehghani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Khajepour
- Department of Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dehghani
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Zangouey
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Reza Bahram Abadi Nezhad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Zhang S, Liu Q, Wei Y, Xiong Y, Gu Y, Huang Y, Tang F, Ouyang Y. Anterior gradient-2 regulates cell communication by coordinating cytokine-chemokine signaling and immune infiltration in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2023. [PMID: 36853166 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) is crucial to breast cancer progression. However, its role in the tumor immune microenvironment remains unclear. RNA sequencing expression profiles and associated clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, respectively. The AGR2 expression patterns were verified using clinical samples of breast cancer. Based on single-cell transcriptomic data, AGR2 expression patterns were identified and cell communication analysis was carried out. Furthermore, the roles of AGR2 in breast tumor progression were explored by a series of functional experiments. We found that DNA methylation was an important mechanism for regulating the expression patterns of AGR2. Patients with AGR2 low expression displayed an immune "hot" and immunosuppressive phenotype characterized by high abundance of tumor immune cell infiltration and increased enrichment scores for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways, whereas patients with AGR2 high expression showed an opposite immunologic feature with a lack of immune cell infiltration, suggestive of an immune "cold" and desert phenotype. Moreover, single-cell analysis further revealed that AGR2 in malignant cells alters cell-cell interactions by coordinating cytokine-chemokine signaling and immune infiltration. Notably, two immunotherapy cohorts revealed that AGR2-coexpressed genes could serve as prognostic indicators of patient survival. In conclusion, AGR2 could promote breast cancer progression by affecting the tumor immune microenvironment. Patients with AGR2 low expression could be suitable for combination treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor agents and TGF-β blockers. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical foundation for developing a strategy for personalized immunotherapy to patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yimei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fuzhou Tang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Boisteau E, Posseme C, Di Modugno F, Edeline J, Coulouarn C, Hrstka R, Martisova A, Delom F, Treton X, Eriksson LA, Chevet E, Lièvre A, Ogier-Denis E. Anterior gradient proteins in gastrointestinal cancers: from cell biology to pathophysiology. Oncogene 2022; 41:4673-4685. [PMID: 36068336 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most of the organs of the digestive tract comprise secretory epithelia that require specialized molecular machines to achieve their functions. As such anterior gradient (AGR) proteins, which comprise AGR1, AGR2, and AGR3, belong to the protein disulfide isomerase family, and are involved in secretory and transmembrane protein biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. They are generally expressed in epithelial cells with high levels in most of the digestive tract epithelia. To date, the vast majority of the reports concern AGR2, which has been shown to exhibit various subcellular localizations and exert pro-oncogenic functions. AGR2 overexpression has recently been associated with a poor prognosis in digestive cancers. AGR2 is also involved in epithelial homeostasis. Its deletion in mice results in severe diffuse gut inflammation, whereas in inflammatory bowel diseases, the secretion of AGR2 in the extracellular milieu participates in the reshaping of the cellular microenvironment. AGR2 thus plays a key role in inflammation and oncogenesis and may represent a therapeutic target of interest. In this review, we summarize the already known roles and mechanisms of action of the AGR family proteins in digestive diseases, their expression in the healthy digestive tract, and in digestive oncology. At last, we discuss the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications underlying the biology of AGR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeric Boisteau
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Pontchaillou, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Posseme
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Federico Di Modugno
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Edeline
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | | | - Roman Hrstka
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Martisova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Xavier Treton
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. .,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | - Astrid Lièvre
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. .,Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Pontchaillou, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - Eric Ogier-Denis
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. .,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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5
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Lv Y, Wang M, Chen M, Wang D, Luo M, Zeng Q. hsa_circ_0119412 overexpression promotes cervical cancer progression by targeting miR-217 to upregulate anterior gradient 2. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24236. [PMID: 35274779 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence summarizes that circRNA is closely implicated in the development of numerous cancers. Our study aimed to investigate the role of circ_0119412 whose function was not explored in cervical cancer. METHODS RT-qPCR analysis was utilized for the expression analysis of circ_0119412, miR-217, and anterior gradient 2 (AGR2). CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, and MTT assay were employed to assess cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion, respectively. Animal study was performed to check the role of circ_0119412 in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to predict the downstream targets of circ_0119412. RIP assay was utilized to examine miRNAs potentially bound by circ_0119412. The interplays between miR-217 and circ_0119412 or AGR2 were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS circ_0119412 expression was highly enhanced in cervical tumor tissues and cancer cells. circ_0119412 overexpression aggravated cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion, and its overexpression was also conducive to tumor formation and growth in animal models. AGR2 was upregulated in cervical cancer by the public bioinformatics data. circ_0119412 bound to miR-217, and miR-217 bound to AGR 3'UTR. The promoting effects of circ_0119412 overexpression on cancer cell malignant phenotypes were reversed by miR-217 enrichment. In addition, increased expression of miR-217 suppressed AGR2 expression, thus weakening the functional effects of AGR2. CONCLUSION circ_0119412 functioned as an oncogenic driver to promote the malignant development of cervical cancer by targeting the miR-217/AGR2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command of the Chinese People' s Liberation Army, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command of the Chinese People' s Liberation Army, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command of the Chinese People' s Liberation Army, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command of the Chinese People' s Liberation Army, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyan Luo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command of the Chinese People' s Liberation Army, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyuan Zeng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command of the Chinese People' s Liberation Army, Chengdu, China
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6
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Fang X, Miao C, Zeng T, Chu W, Zheng Y, Sun X, Yin X, Li Y. Role of m 5 C RNA methylation regulators in colorectal cancer prognosis and immune microenvironment. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24303. [PMID: 35212022 PMCID: PMC8993619 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA modification has become one of the hot topics of research as it can be used for tumor prognosis. However, its role in various biological processes is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of m5C and m1A regulators on colorectal cancer prognosis using bioinformatics tools. The association between these regulators and differences in patient survival as well as the clinicopathological characteristics and tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer tissues were assessed. Methods We selected publicly available colorectal cancer data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and used the “limma” package in R to identify differentially expressed genes. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to calculate the prognostic risk, and a risk prediction model was constructed, to help assess the prognostic values of the differentially expressed genes. Finally, using TISCH and TIMER, we assessed the extent of cellular infiltration in colorectal cancer. Results We explored NSUN6 and DNMT3A expression using UALCAN and HPA and found that their expression is significantly increased in colorectal cancer tissues and correlated with sex and TP53 mutation status. Moreover, we found NSUN6 and DNMT3A were related to the infiltration of six major immune cells, with DNMT3A being closely related to dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and B cells, whereas NSUN6 to B cells and CD8+ T cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that m5C regulators can predict the clinical prognostic risk and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Fang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyun Miao
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianni Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Chu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Taank Y, Agnihotri N. Understanding the regulation of β-catenin expression and activity in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis: beyond destruction complex. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2448-2459. [PMID: 34426910 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling is central to colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. The well-known potential of targeting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway for the treatment of CRC is largely attributed to the ability of this pathway to regulate various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, immune response, apoptosis, and cellular metabolism. However, with the current approach of targeting this pathway, none of the Wnt-targeted agents have been successfully implicated in clinical practice. Instead of using classical approaches to target this pathway, there is a growing need to find new and modified approaches to achieve the same. For this, a better understanding of the regulation of β-catenin, a major effector of the canonical Wnt pathway is a must. The present review addresses the importance of understanding the regulation of β-catenin beyond the destruction complex. Few recently discovered β-catenin regulators such as ZNF281, TTPAL, AGR2, ARHGAP25, TREM2, and TIPE1 showed significant potential in regulating the development of CRC through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Although the expression and activity of β-catenin is influenced by many protein regulators, the abovementioned proteins not only influence its expression and activation but are also directly involved in the development of CRC and various other solid tumors. Therefore, we hypothesise that focusing the current research on finding the detailed mechanism of action of these regulators may assist in providing with a better treatment approach or improve the current therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Taank
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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8
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Ma YS, Feng S, Lin L, Zhang H, Wei GH, Liu YS, Yang XL, Xin R, Shi Y, Zhang DD, Jia CY, Lu GX, Xue SB, Yu F, Lv ZW, Liu JB, Wang GR, Fu D. Protein disulfide isomerase inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress response and apoptosis via its oxidoreductase activity in colorectal cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110076. [PMID: 34245861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a principal endoplasmic reticulum resident oxidoreductase chaperone, is known to play a role in malignancies. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism by which PDI regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and the apoptosis signaling pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC). We determined the expression of PDI in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Gain- and loss- of function assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of PDI on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in CRC cells, as reflected by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level and the expression of related proteins. PDI protein expression was upregulated in CRC tissues. Small molecule inhibitor of PDI or PDI knockdown reduced CRC cell viability and induced apoptosis. Overexpression of wild-type PDI augmented the viability of CRC cells and inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress response and apoptosis. Small molecule inhibitor of PDI or PDI knockdown increased intracellular H2O2 level and activated apoptosis signaling pathway, which could be reversed by wild-type PDI restoration. Moreover, the catalytic active site of C-terminal of PDI was found to be indispensable for the regulatory effects of PDI on H2O2 levels, apoptosis and cell viability in CRC cells. Collectively, PDI inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of CRC cells through its oxidoreductase activity, thereby promoting the malignancy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shui Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, China; International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, National Center for Liver Cancer, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sun Feng
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Guo-Hua Wei
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Yu-Shan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rui Xin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Cheng-You Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Gai-Xia Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shao-Bo Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, China.
| | - Gao-Ren Wang
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, China.
| | - Da Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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9
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Zhang H, Chi J, Hu J, Ji T, Luo Z, Zhou C, Huang L, Dai Z, Li J, Wang G, Wang L, Wang Z. Intracellular AGR2 transduces PGE2 stimuli to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:180-195. [PMID: 34216690 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human anterior gradient homolog 2 (AGR2) reportedly acts as an oncogene in multiple types of cancers. As a secreted protein, the oncogenic roles of extracellular AGR2 have been the focus of the increasing number of studies. In contrast, the oncological functions of intracellular AGR2 (iAGR2) remain elusive. Here, we report that intracellular AGR2 (iAGR2) is sufficient to promote CRC metastasis. iAGR2 binds to KDEL receptors (KDELRs) via its KTEL motif to activate downstream Gs-PKA signaling. Activated PKA upregulates the expression of NF-κB subunit c-Rel (REL) and acetylates histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) to promote the transcription of SNAIL and SLUG. AGR2 can be upregulated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) via EP4-PI3K-AKT pathway and is indispensable for PGE2-induced CRC metastasis. AGR2 knockdown enhances therapeutic effects of a COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, in CRC metastasis. Collectively, our study reveals a promoting role and molecular mechanisms of iAGR2 in CRC metastasis and uncovers a new tumor microenvironment signal regulating AGR2 expression, which may provide new targets for treating metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangyang Chi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Caihong Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifeng Huang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Dai
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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Yuan L, Li JX, Yang Y, Chen Y, Ma TT, Liang S, Bu Y, Yu L, Nan Y. Depletion of MRPL35 inhibits gastric carcinoma cell proliferation by regulating downstream signaling proteins. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1785-1804. [PMID: 33967557 PMCID: PMC8072187 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i16.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric carcinoma (GC) is a digestive system disease with high morbidity and mortality. However, early clinical detection is difficult, and the therapeutic effect for advanced disease is not satisfactory. Thus, finding new tumor markers and therapeutic targets conducive to the treatment of GC is imperative. MRPL35 is a member of the large subunit family of mitochondrial ribosomal protein. MRPL35 shows the characteristic of oncogene in colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer, which promotes the exploration of the correlation between MRPL35 and GC. We proposed that the expression of MRPL35 might be critical in GC.
AIM To study the effect of MRPL35 knockdown on GC cell proliferation.
METHODS The expression of MRPL35 in GC was evaluated based on data from the public tumor database UALCAN (http://www.ualcan.path.uab.edu). The effect of the expression of MRPL35 on the prognosis was evaluated with KMplot (http://www.kmplot.com). The expression of MRPL35 was assessed on the tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry and the level of MRPL35 mRNA in 25 pairs of clinical GC tissues and matched adjacent tissues was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Celigo cell count assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess the role of MRPL35 in GC cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, tumor formation experiment in BALB/c nude mice was utilized to determine the effect of MRPL35 on GC cell proliferation. After knockdown of MRPL35, related proteins were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification analysis, and the expression of related proteins was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS The expression of MRPL35 was up-regulated in GC (P = 1.77 × 10-4). The Kaplan-Meier plots of the overall survival indicated that high expression of MRPL35 was associated with a poor survival in GC. Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression of MRPL35 in GC tissues was increased, which was related to age (P = 0.03), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007), and pathological tumor-node-metastasis stage (P = 0.024). Knockdown of MRPL35 inhibited GC cell proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis. Animal experiment results showed that knockdown of MRPL35 inhibited tumor formation in BALB/c nude mice. Western blotting analysis showed that after knockdown of MRPL35, the expression of PICK1 and BCL-XL proteins decreased, and that of AGR2 protein increased.
CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings demonstrate that knockdown of MRPL35 inhibits GC cell proliferation through related proteins including PICK1, BCL-XL, and AGR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yuan
- Pharmacy College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Pharmacy College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Pharmacy College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ting-Ting Ma
- Pharmacy College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Oncology and Endocrinology, Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yang Bu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Wang J, Huang K, Shi L, Zhang Q, Zhang S. CircPVT1 Promoted the Progression of Breast Cancer by Regulating MiR-29a-3p-Mediated AGR2-HIF-1α Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11477-11490. [PMID: 33223849 PMCID: PMC7672658 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s265579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is a great contributor to cancer-related death. Mounting studies have identified that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. Here, we explored the effect of circPVT1 on BC development as well as its downstream mechanisms. Methods qRT-PCR was used to determine the relative expression levels of circPVT1 and miR-29a-3p in BC tissue samples and cell lines. We also analyzed the relevance between pathological indexes and circPVT1 expression level. Human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were taken as cell models. Gain- or loss-of-functional assays of circPVT1 and miR-29a-3p were conducted in BC cell lines to investigate their effects on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. The protein levels of AGR2, HIF-1α, Bax, Bcl2 and Caspase3 were determined by Western blot. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to confirm the targeted relationships between circPVT1 and miR-29a-3p, miR-29a-3p and anterior gradient 2 (AGR2). Results CircPVT1 was highly expressed while miR-29a-3p was lowly expressed in BC tissues and cell lines. Inhibition of circPVT1 or overexpression of miR-29a-3p remarkably suppressed BC cell proliferation, invasion and migration while promoted cell apoptosis. By contrast, circPVT1 upregulation or miR-29a-3p inhibition led to mitigate malignant behaviours of BC cells. Functionally, circPVT1 bound to miR-29a-3p, and AGR2 was a target gene of miR-29a-3p. Overexpressed circPVT1 promoted AGR2 and HIF-1α expression by repressing miR-29a-3p. More importantly, overexpressing AGR2 enhances HIF-1α expression, accompanied with accelerated proliferation, invasion and migration of BC cells. Conclusion CircPVT1 acts as an oncogene in BC via promoting the growth, invasion, migration and inhibiting apoptosis through miR-29a-3p-mediated AGR2-HIF-1α axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department ofThyroid and Breast Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Shi
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengchu Zhang
- Department ofThyroid and Breast Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People's Republic of China
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Moidu NA, A Rahman NS, Syafruddin SE, Low TY, Mohtar MA. Secretion of pro-oncogenic AGR2 protein in cancer. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05000. [PMID: 33005802 PMCID: PMC7519367 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) protein mediates the formation, breakage and isomerization of disulphide bonds during protein maturation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and contributes to the homoeostasis of the secretory pathway. AGR2 promotes tumour development and metastasis and its elevated expression is almost completely restricted to malignant tumours. Interestingly, this supposedly ER-resident protein can be localised to other compartments of cancer cells and can also be secreted into the extracellular milieu. There are emerging evidences that describe the gain-of-function activities of the extracellular AGR2, particularly in cancer development. Here, we reviewed studies detailing the expression, pathological and physiological roles associated with AGR2 and compared the duality of localization, intracellular and extracellular, with special emphasis on the later. We also discussed the possible mechanisms of AGR2 secretion as well as deliberating the functional impacts of AGR2 in cancer settings. Last, we deliberate the current therapeutic strategies and posit the potential use AGR2, as a prognosis and diagnosis marker in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurshahirah Ashikin Moidu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nisa Syakila A Rahman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Aiman Mohtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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