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Cakici O, Bandaru S, Lee GY, Mustafa D, Akyürek LM. Targeting Cleavage of C-Terminal Fragment of Cytoskeletal Filamin A in Cancers. Cells 2024; 13:1394. [PMID: 39195282 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cancers express altered levels of actin-binding cytoskeletal filamin A (FLNA) protein. FLNA in mammals consists of an actin-binding domain at its N-terminus that is followed by 24 immunoglobulin-like repeat modules interrupted by two hinge regions between repeats 15-16 and 23-24. Cleavage of these hinge regions produces a naturally occurring C-terminal 90 kDa fragment of FLNA (FLNACT) that physically interacts with multiple proteins with diverse functions. This cleavage leads to actin cytoskeleton remodeling, which in turn contributes to cellular signaling, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of transcriptional factors and nuclear receptors, and regulation of their transcriptional activities that are important for initiation and progression of cancers. Therefore, recent studies have proposed blocking FLNA cleavage as a means of cancer therapy. Here, we update how FLNA cleavage has been targeted by different approaches and their potential implications for future treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Cakici
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sashidar Bandaru
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Västra Götalandsregionen, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Grace Yankun Lee
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dyar Mustafa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Levent M Akyürek
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Västra Götalandsregionen, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhao T, Yu Z. Modified Gexia-Zhuyu Tang inhibits gastric cancer progression by restoring gut microbiota and regulating pyroptosis. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:21. [PMID: 38195483 PMCID: PMC10775600 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gexia-Zhuyu Tang (GZT), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is used to treat a variety of diseases. However, its roles in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of modified GZT in GC. METHODS The effects of modified GZT on GC were investigated by constructing mouse xenograft models with MFC cell line. The fecal samples from low-dose, high-dose, and without modified GZT treatment groups were collected for the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Histopathological alterations of mice were evaluated using the hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis with Ki67 and GSDMD was performed to measure tissue cell proliferation and pyroptosis, respectively. Proteins associated with pyroptosis, invasion, and metastasis were detected by Western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess inflammation-related factors levels. RESULTS Modified GZT inhibited GC tumor growth and reduced metastasis and invasion-related proteins expression levels, including CD147, VEGF, and MMP-9. Furthermore, it notably promoted caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis, as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, and LDH levels, along with elevated protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1. Additionally, modified GZT increased species abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora. FMT assay identified that modified GZT inhibited GC tumor progression through regulation of intestinal flora. CONCLUSIONS Modified GZT treatment may promote pyroptosis by modulating gut microbiota in GC. This study identifies a new potential approach for the GC clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai City, 200240, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University,Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, No. 1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou City, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
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Hussein MA, Valinezhad K, Adel E, Munirathinam G. MALAT-1 Is a Key Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:234. [PMID: 38201661 PMCID: PMC10778055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT-1) is a long intergenic non-coding RNA (lncRNA) located on chr11q13. It is overexpressed in several cancers and controls gene expression through chromatin modification, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional regulation. Importantly, MALAT-1 stimulates cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis and serves a vital role in driving the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), subsequently acquiring cancer stem cell-like properties and developing drug resistance. MALAT-1 modulates EMT by interacting with various intracellular signaling pathways, notably the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. It also behaves like a sponge for microRNAs, preventing their interaction with target genes and promoting EMT. In addition, we have used bioinformatics online tools to highlight the disparities in the expression of MALAT-1 between normal and cancer samples using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Furthermore, the intricate interplay of MALAT-1 with several essential targets of cancer progression and metastasis renders it a good candidate for therapeutic interventions. Several innovative approaches have been exploited to target MALAT-1, such as short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and natural products. This review emphasizes the interplay between MALAT-1 and EMT in modulating cancer metastasis, stemness, and chemoresistance in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo 57357, Egypt;
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Kamyab Valinezhad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA;
| | - Eman Adel
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Gnanasekar Munirathinam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA;
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Molecular Insight into Gastric Cancer Invasion-Current Status and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38201481 PMCID: PMC10778111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. There has been no efficient therapy for stage IV GC patients due to this disease's heterogeneity and dissemination ability. Despite the rapid advancement of molecular targeted therapies, such as HER2 and immune checkpoint inhibitors, survival of GC patients is still unsatisfactory because the understanding of the mechanism of GC progression is still incomplete. Invasion is the most important feature of GC metastasis, which causes poor mortality in patients. Recently, genomic research has critically deepened our knowledge of which gene products are dysregulated in invasive GC. Furthermore, the study of the interaction of GC cells with the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a principal subject in driving invasion and metastasis. These results are expected to provide a profound knowledge of how biological molecules are implicated in GC development. This review summarizes the advances in our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of GC invasion. We also highlight the future directions of the invasion therapeutics of GC. Compared to conventional therapy using protease or molecular inhibitors alone, multi-therapy targeting invasion plasticity may seem to be an assuring direction for the progression of novel strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5458585, Japan;
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Peng L, Zhang X, Zhang ML, Jiang T, Zhang PJ. Diagnostic value of matrix metalloproteinases 2, 7 and 9 in urine for early detection of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:931-939. [PMID: 37342853 PMCID: PMC10277948 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i5.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A noninvasive biomarker with high diagnostic performance is urgently needed for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC).
AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 7 and 9 in urine for CRC.
METHODS Of 59 healthy controls, 47 patients with colon polyps and 82 patients with CRC were included in this study. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum and MMP2, MMP7, and MMP9 in urine were detected. The combined diagnostic model of the indicators was established by binary logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the subjects was used to evaluate the independent and combined diagnostic value of the indicators.
RESULTS The MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, and CEA levels in the CRC group differed significantly from levels in the healthy controls (P < 0.05). The levels of MMP7, MMP9, and CEA also differed significantly between the CRC group and the colon polyps group (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) distinguishing between the healthy control and the CRC patients using the joint model with CEA, MMP2, MMP7 and MMP9 was 0.977, and the sensitivity and specificity were 95.10% and 91.50%, respectively. For early-stage CRC, the AUC was 0.975, and the sensitivity and specificity were 94.30% and 98.30%, respectively. For advanced stage CRC, the AUC was 0.979, and the sensitivity and specificity were 95.70% and 91.50%, respectively. Using CEA, MMP7 and MMP9 to jointly established a model distinguishing the colorectal polyp group from the CRC group, the AUC was 0.849, and the sensitivity and specificity were 84.10% and 70.20%, respectively. For early-stage CRC, the AUC was 0.818, and the sensitivity and specificity were 76.30% and 72.30%, respectively. For advanced stage CRC, the AUC was 0.875, and the sensitivity and specificity were 81.80% and 72.30%, respectively.
CONCLUSION MMP2, MMP7 and MMP 9 may exhibit diagnostic value for the early detection of CRC and may serve as auxiliary diagnostic markers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Interventional Therapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Interventional Therapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Man-Li Zhang
- Division of Medicine Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Division of Medicine Innovation Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Interventional Therapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Yang F, Wang F, Gao ZS, Quang GQ, Hu HB, Zheng M. Capn4 regulates Snail to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by mediating the transcriptional activity of claudin-11. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:134-144. [PMID: 36354184 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis and recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) contribute to the poor prognosis of patients. Inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an effective strategy to obstruct metastasis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of Capn4 on the EMT of NPC cells and its specific mechanism of action. The mRNA and protein expression levels of objective genes in NPC cell lines (5-8F and CNE-2) were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blotting methods. The subcellular localization of Capn4 was detected by immunofluorescence (IF). Migration and invasion abilities of NPC cells were examined via wound-healing and trans-well methods, and the linkage between Snail and its downstream effector gene (claudin-11) was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual-luciferase, and the yeast one-hybrid assays in series. Over-expression of Capn4 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and improved the expression of Snail, thus promoting the migration and invasion abilities of NPC cells. Mechanically, claudin-11 is one of the target genes in NPC cells that Snail regulates in a transcriptional regulatory manner. By blocking the regulatory axis of CAPN4/AKT/Snail/claudin-11 can significantly inhibit the invasion and metastasis of NPC cells. Capn4 promoted the EMT of NPC cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/Snail/claudin-11 axis, thereby promoting the malignant development of NPC. The Capn4/PI3K/AKT/Snail/claudin-11 axis might be a novel target to prevent NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Shou Gao
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of traditional Chinese medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Qian Quang
- Nanping First Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bei Hu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zheng
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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Luan C, Xu Y. Matrix metalloproteinase gene mutations and bioinformatics of telocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:110-122. [PMID: 36273423 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) have crucial functions to promote the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by over-expressing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but the mechanism by which TCs secrete MMPs in the genome is still unknown. We first cultured and isolated primary TCs from distinct liver cancer tissues and hepatic hemangioma surrounding tissues (Control group). Their whole exon genes were tested by Illumina HiSeq family of platforms and by high-throughput sequencing as well as variant mutations. Moreover, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays were utilized to assess the expression of MMPs. The perniciousness of signal-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations of proteins were predicted by the Polyphen-2 database. Divergent expression and overall survival (OS) of MMPs was screened by StarBase-Pan Cancer plate; and MMPs associated signaling pathways were found by Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes. The "competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)" network was constructed by Cytoscape software. We found that 12 specific types of SNP mutations related to 5 types of MMPs occurred in TCs of liver malignant tumors as a potential result of MMP1, MMP9, and MMP17 overexpression. High levels of MMP1, MMP7, and MMP9 represented poor OS in HCC, and an interactive network of MMPs is shown. Allele shifts of C/T (rs20544) and G/C (rs2250889) in MMP9 were risk factors for TCs in HCC by the prediction of the Polyphen-2 Database. (MMP9 (-3 C/T)) mutation might be a genetic mechanism of upregulating MMP9 in TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoguang Luan
- General Surgery, Ji 'nan Municipal Three Hospitals, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Postdoctoral Centre, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Xu Y, Ren B, Wang M. HIF-1α contributes to metastasis in choriocarcinoma by regulating DEC1 expression. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 25:1641-1649. [PMID: 36575343 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the underlying mechanism of HIF-1α in migration and invasion of choriocarcinoma. METHODS Cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay when cell invasion was detected by transwell assay. The protein expression was detected by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR assay. RESULT HIF-1α was shown to be strongly expressed in both clinical tumour tissues and cell lines in choriocarcinoma. When HIF-1α was efficiently knocked down in JEG3 cells, the proliferation rate was reduced by approximately 50% and the number of cells that migrated through the transwell insert was greatly decreased. The cell invasion rate was also significantly reduced. Moreover, typical markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition such as E-cadherin, were increased, while vimentin and α-SMA were decreased after HIF-1α knockdown. In contrast, overexpression of DEC1 reversed the effects of HIF-1α knockdown. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were partially recovered. The level of E-cadherin was decreased, while the level of vimentin and α-SMA was increased. In addition, the level of β-catenin and LEF1 was downregulated after HIF-1α knockdown. The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 also declined. However, overexpression of DEC1 after HIF-1α knockdown partially reversed the expression pattern of these molecules. CONCLUSION HIF-1α contributed to EMT and metastasis through activation of canonical β-catenin signalling in choriocarcinoma and this process was dependent on DEC1. This study provides a new mechanism of HIF-1α in choriocarcinoma and suggests that intervention with DEC1 might be a promising therapeutic choice for choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Xu
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Bao Ren
- Department of Acupuncture & Massage, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Min Wang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, 250013, China.
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Liu J, Chen T, Li S, Liu W, Wang P, Shang G. Targeting matrix metalloproteinases by E3 ubiquitin ligases as a way to regulate the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:259-268. [PMID: 35724822 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in neoplastic development. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critically involved in tumorigenesis by modulation of the TME and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a large variety of malignancies. Evidence has revealed that dysregulated MMPs can lead to ECM damage, the promotion of cell migration and tumor metastasis. The expression and activities of MMPs can be tightly regulated by TIMPs, multiple signaling pathways and noncoding RNAs. MMPs are also finely controlled by E3 ubiquitin ligases. The current review focuses on the molecular mechanism by which MMPs are governed by E3 ubiquitin ligases in carcinogenesis. Due to the essential role of MMPs in oncogenesis, they have been considered the attractive targets for antitumor treatment. Several strategies that target MMPs have been discovered, including the use of small-molecule inhibitors, peptides, inhibitory antibodies, natural compounds with anti-MMP activity, and RNAi therapeutics. However, these molecules have multiple disadvantages, such as poor solubility, severe side-effects and low oral bioavailability. Therefore, it is necessary to discover the novel inhibitors that suppress MMPs for cancer therapy. Here, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases to inhibit MMPs. We hope this review will stimulate the discovery of novel therapeutics for the MMP-targeted treatment of a variety of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Shizhe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100161, China
| | - Peter Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100161, China; Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Guanning Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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Mechanism of Herb Pairs Astragalus mongholicus and Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton in Treating Gastric Carcinoma: A Network Pharmacology Combines with Differential Analysis and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8361431. [PMID: 35321506 PMCID: PMC8938068 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8361431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastric carcinoma (GC) is a kind of digestive tract tumor that is highly malignant and has a very poor prognosis. Although both Astragalus mongholicus (AM, huáng qí) and Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton (CPV, é zhú) can slow the onset and progression of GC, the mechanism by which AM-CPV works in the treatment of GC is uncertain. Materials and Methods The traditional Chinese medicine network databases TCMSP, TCMID, and ETCM were used to identify the key functional components and associated targets of AM and CPV. To establish a theoretical foundation, the development of gastric cancer (GC) was predicted utilizing a GEO gene chip and TCGA difference analysis mixed with network pharmacology. A herbal-ingredient-target network and a core target-signal pathway network were created using GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The molecular docking method was used to evaluate seventeen main targets and their compounds. Results Cell activity, reactive oxygen species modification, metabolic regulation, and systemic immune activation may all be involved in the action mechanism of the AM-CPV drug-pair in the treatment of GC. It inhibits the calcium signaling route, the AGE-RAGE signaling system, the cAMP signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling network, and the MAPK signaling pathway, slowing the progression of GC. The number of inflammatory substances in the tumor microenvironment is reduced, GC cell proliferation is deprived, apoptosis is promoted, and GC progression is retarded through controlling the IL-17 signaling route, TNF signaling pathway, and other inflammation-related pathways. Conclusions The AM-CPV pharmaceutical combination regulates GC treatment via a multitarget, component, and signal pathway with a cooperative and bidirectional regulatory mechanism. Its active constituents may treat GC by regulating the expression of STAT1, MMP9, IL6, HSP90AA1, JUN, CCL2, IFNG, CXCL8, and other targets, as well as activating or inhibiting immune-inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calpain-1 and calpain-2 are prototypical classical isoforms of the calpain family of calcium-activated cysteine proteases. Their substrate proteins participate in a wide range of cellular processes, including transcription, survival, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Dysregulated calpain activity has been implicated in tumorigenesis, suggesting that calpains may be promising therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED This review covers clinical and basic research studies implicating calpain-1 and calpain-2 expression and activity in tumorigenesis and metastasis. We highlight isoform specific functions and provide an overview of substrates and cancer-related signalling pathways affected by calpain-mediated proteolytic cleavage. We also discuss efforts to develop clinically relevant calpain specific inhibitors and spotlight the challenges facing inhibitor development. EXPERT OPINION Rationale for targeting calpain-1 and calpain-2 in cancer is supported by pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrating that calpain inhibition has the potential to attenuate carcinogenesis and block metastasis of aggressive tumors. The wide range of substrates and cleavage products, paired with inconsistencies in model systems, underscores the need for more complete understanding of physiological substrates and how calpain cleavage alters their function in cellular processes. The development of isoform specific calpain inhibitors remains an important goal with therapeutic potential in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Shapovalov
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 10 Stuart Street, Botterell Hall, Room A309, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Danielle Harper
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 10 Stuart Street, Botterell Hall, Room A309, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, 10 Stuart Street, Botterell Hall, Room A309, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada
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Cao Y, Wang Q, Liu C, Wang W, Lai S, Zou H, Tao E, Wang F, Wan L. Capn4 aggravates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the IGF-AKT signaling pathway. J Biochem 2021; 171:53-61. [PMID: 34580724 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Capn4 belongs to a family of calpains that participate in a wide variety of biological functions, but little is known about the role of Capn4 in cardiac disease. Here, we show that the expression of Capn4 was significantly increased in Angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated cardiomyocytes and Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophic mouse hearts. Importantly, in agreement with the Capn4 expression patterns, the maximal calpain activity measured in heart homogenates was elevated in Ang II-treated mice, and oral coadministration of SNJ-1945 (calpain inhibitor) attenuated the total calpain activity measured in vitro. Functional assays indicated that overexpression of Capn4 obviously aggravated Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, whereas Capn4 knockdown resulted in the opposite phenotypes. Further investigation demonstrated that Capn4 maintained the activation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-AKT signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes by increasing c-Jun expression. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Capn4 directly bound and stabilized c-Jun, and knockdown of Capn4 increased the ubiquitination level of c-Jun in cardiomyocytes. Additionally, our results demonstrated that the antihypertrophic effect of Capn4 silencing was partially dependent on the inhibition of c-Jun. Overall, these data suggested that Capn4 contributes to cardiac hypertrophy by enhancing the c-Jun-mediated IGF-AKT signaling pathway and could be a potential therapeutic target for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Cao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Songqing Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Huaxi Zou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ende Tao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Fudong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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Alharbi A, Zhang Y, Parrington J. Deciphering the Role of Ca 2+ Signalling in Cancer Metastasis: From the Bench to the Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E179. [PMID: 33430230 PMCID: PMC7825727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortalities. Metastasis is a complex, multi-process phenomenon, and a hallmark of cancer. Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous secondary messenger, and it has become evident that Ca2+ signalling plays a vital role in cancer. Ca2+ homeostasis is dysregulated in physiological processes related to tumour metastasis and progression-including cellular adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, motility, and invasion. In this review, we looked at the role of intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ signalling pathways in processes that contribute to metastasis at the local level and also their effects on cancer metastasis globally, as well as at underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Spatiotemporal Ca2+ homeostasis, in terms of oscillations or waves, is crucial for hindering tumour progression and metastasis. They are a limited number of clinical trials investigating treating patients with advanced stages of various cancer types. Ca2+ signalling may serve as a novel hallmark of cancer due to the versatility of Ca2+ signals in cells, which suggests that the modulation of specific upstream/downstream targets may be a therapeutic approach to treat cancer, particularly in patients with metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK;
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK;
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK;
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