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Sezer G, Onses MS, Sakir M, Sahin F, Çamdal A, Sezer Z, Inal A, Ciftci Z. Indomethacin prevents TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells; evidence by Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121493. [PMID: 35728400 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a very low survival rate due to the late detection and poor response to chemotherapy. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered an important step in tumor progression with regard to invasion and metastasis, and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling has been shown to play an important role in EMT. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug, has any effect on TGF-β-induced EMT in pancreatic cancer cell line and analyze the changes in their molecular structures by Raman spectroscopy and other molecular techniques. Indomethacin treated Panc-1 cells were analyzed with Raman spectroscopy, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence techniques after the induction of EMT with TGF-β. The exposure of Panc-1 cells to TGF-β resulted in characteristic morphological alterations of EMT, and indomethacin inhibits TGF-β-induced EMT through up-regulation of E-cadherin and down-regulation of N-cadherin and Snail expressions. Raman spectroscopy supported by principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the effects of both TGF-β and indomethacin. Raman spectra were further analyzed using the PCA-assisted vector machine algorithm and it was seen that the data could be classified with 97.6% accuracy. Our results suggest that indomethacin may have a significant effect on PDAC metastasis, and Raman spectroscopy was able to probe EMT-related changes and the efficacy of indomethacin in a short time and without the need for specific reagents compared to other molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Sezer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye; Genkok Genome and Stem Cell Centre, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye.
| | - Mustafa Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye; ERNAM - Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Menekse Sakir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye; ERNAM - Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Furkan Sahin
- ERNAM - Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Ali Çamdal
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin College Green Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zafer Sezer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Inal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Zeynep Ciftci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkiye
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2
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Szlasa W, Janicka N, Sauer N, Michel O, Nowak B, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. Chemotherapy and Physical Therapeutics Modulate Antigens on Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889950. [PMID: 35874714 PMCID: PMC9299262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells possess specific properties, such as multidrug resistance or unlimited proliferation potential, due to the presence of specific proteins on their cell membranes. The release of proliferation-related proteins from the membrane can evoke a loss of adaptive ability in cancer cells and thus enhance the effects of anticancer therapy. The upregulation of cancer-specific membrane antigens results in a better outcome of immunotherapy. Moreover, cytotoxic T-cells may also become more effective when stimulated ex-vivo toward the anticancer response. Therefore, the modulation of membrane proteins may serve as an interesting attempt in anticancer therapy. The presence of membrane antigens relies on various physical factors such as temperature, exposure to radiation, or drugs. Therefore, changing the tumor microenvironment conditions may lead to cancer cells becoming sensitized to subsequent therapy. This paper focuses on the therapeutic approaches modulating membrane antigens and enzymes in anticancer therapy. It aims to analyze the possible methods for modulating the antigens, such as pharmacological treatment, electric field treatment, photodynamic reaction, treatment with magnetic field or X-ray radiation. Besides, an overview of the effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy on the immunophenotype of cancer cells is presented. Finally, the authors review the clinical trials that involved the modulation of cell immunophenotype in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Janicka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Sauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Olga Michel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Nowak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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3
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Ma Y, Thurecht KJ, Coombes AGA. Development of enteric-coated, biphasic chitosan/HPMC microcapsules for colon-targeted delivery of anticancer drug-loaded nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121026. [PMID: 34418474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of anticancer drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) to the colon offers opportunities to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment by increasing the free drug concentration at tumour sites and/or enhancing NP accumulation in tumours. Indomethacin, 5-FU and curcumin, were entrapped separately in Eudragit RS NPs (approximately 10% w/w loading) using nanoprecipitation and incorporated in biphasic chitosan/HPMC microcapsules (MCs) using aerosolisation. The MCs were designed to release NPs primarily in the colon following chitosan breakdown by bacterial enzymes. Around 10% of the drug-loaded NPs was released from MCs in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) in 6 h and 20% in simulated colon fluid (SCF). Indomethacin release from MCs was absent in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and restricted to around 10% in SIF and SCF, respectively, demonstrating potential for delivering a large fraction of contained drug to the colon. Curcumin release from NPs or NP-loaded MCs was negligible in SGF, SIF and SCF, revealing opportunities for delivery of curcumin-loaded NPs to the colon for accumulation in tumours. Curcumin-loaded NPs reduced proliferation of human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells by 83% compared with 50% for free curcumin. These findings demonstrate the potential of chitosan/HPMC microcapsules as a colon-specific delivery vehicle for oral nanomedicines directed against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ma
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Evonik Industries, Birmingham, AL, USA(1)
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Allan G A Coombes
- University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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4
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Zeng S, Chen L, Sun Q, Zhao H, Yang H, Ren S, Liu M, Meng X, Xu H. Scutellarin ameliorates colitis-associated colorectal cancer by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174253. [PMID: 34118224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Scutellarin, a flavonoid compound in Scutellaria barbata, has been reported to suppress CRC, with the action mechanism elusive. In this study, Scutellarin was found to inhibit the carcinogenesis of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) in mice caused by azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium, with alleviation of pathologic symptoms. Besides, Scutellarin attenuated mouse serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6, heightened Bax expression and diminished B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) level in CAC tissues of mice, through down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. In CRC HT-29 cells, Scutellarin retarded the proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis, with boosted Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 level, which may be attributed to its repression of Wnt/β-catenin signals in HT-29 cells. Our findings demonstrate that Scutellarin may ameliorate colitis-associated colorectal cancer by weakening Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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5
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Araújo J, Menezes FG, Silva HFO, Vieira DS, Silva SRB, Bortoluzzi AJ, Sant’Anna C, Eugenio M, Neri JM, Gasparotto LHS. Functionalization of gold nanoparticles with two aminoalcohol-based quinoxaline derivatives for targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Kα). NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04314k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their vast range of applications that includes electroluminescence and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Araújo
- Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics Research Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal
- Brazil
| | - Fabrício G. Menezes
- Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics Research Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal
- Brazil
| | - Heloiza F. O. Silva
- Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics Research Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal
- Brazil
| | - Davi S. Vieira
- Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics Research Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal
- Brazil
| | | | - Adailton J. Bortoluzzi
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Cristalografia
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- 88040-900 Florianópolis-SC
- Brazil
| | - Celso Sant’Anna
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Life Science – Lamav
- National Instituto of Metrology
- Quality and Tecnology – Inmetro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Mateus Eugenio
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Life Science – Lamav
- National Instituto of Metrology
- Quality and Tecnology – Inmetro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Jannyely M. Neri
- Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics Research Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal
- Brazil
| | - Luiz H. S. Gasparotto
- Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics Research Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
- Natal
- Brazil
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Campra P, Aznar-Garcia MJ, Ramos-Bueno RP, Gonzalez-Fernandez MJ, Khaldi H, Garrido-Cardenas JA. A whole-food approach to the in vitro assessment of the antitumor activity of gazpacho. Food Res Int 2018; 121:441-452. [PMID: 31108768 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Gazpacho is a traditional cold soup of the Mediterranean diet consisting of a main base of fresh pureed tomato and other vegetables. Tomato and tomato products have demonstrated chemopreventive activity against several types of cancer through in vitro studies, and in animal and clinical research. Here we have applied a whole-food approach for the preclinical assessment of the antitumor potential of gazpacho. Colon cancer cells (HT-29) were exposed to growing concentrations of gazpacho previously digested in vitro to simulate the delivery of bioactive molecules to colon cells after food consumption. The cytotoxicity of gazpacho ingredients was also tested in independent experiments. Programmed cell death by apoptosis was detected by using a multiparametric analysis that combines image-based bright-field and fluorescence cytometry, intracellular ATP level determination and enzymatic activity of caspase-3/7. Modulation of gene expression of key regulatory genes (p53, Bcl-2, BAX, and cyclin D1) was also investigated. Our cytotoxicity data showed that in vitro digestion of samples allowed the delivery of bioactive levels of antitumor phytochemicals to cultured cells. Controlled experiments showed significant repetitive dose and time-response cytotoxicity of gazpacho. Gazpacho digestates caused net cell death of cultures suggesting synergic activity among phytochemicals from its vegetable ingredients. Multiparametric and genetic analyses showed that gazpacho digestates can trigger colon cancer cells death by apoptosis through the activation of caspase cascade. Our results show that coupled in vitro methodology employed can be applied to investigate the antitumor potential of complex food matrixes or combinations of foods in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Campra
- Digestion Modelling Research Group, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento S/N, Almeria 04120, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Aznar-Garcia
- Digestion Modelling Research Group, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento S/N, Almeria 04120, Spain
| | - Rebeca P Ramos-Bueno
- Digestion Modelling Research Group, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento S/N, Almeria 04120, Spain
| | | | - Huda Khaldi
- Fundamental Biology Service, CIC, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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7
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Santhanes D, Teng LY, Sheng FS, Coombes AG. Exploiting the versatility of oral capsule formulations based on high M-alginate for targeted delivery of poorly water soluble drugs to the upper and lower GI tract. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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8
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Core/shell poly(ethylene oxide)/Eudragit fibers for site-specific release. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:376-385. [PMID: 28344174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning was used to prepare core/shell fibers containing the active pharmaceutical ingredients indomethacin (IMC) or mebeverine hydrochloride (MB-HCl). The shell of the fibers was fabricated from the pH sensitive Eudragit S100 polymer, while the drug-loaded core was based on the mucoadhesive poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Three different drug loadings (from 9 to 23% (w/w) of the core mass) were prepared, and for MB-HCl two different molecular weights of PEO were explored. The resultant fibers generally comprise smooth cylinders, although in some cases defects such as surface particles or flattened or merged fibers were visible. Transmission electron microscopy showed all the systems to have clear core and shell compartments. The drugs are present in the amorphous physical form in the fibers. Dissolution tests found that the fibers can effectively prevent release in acidic conditions representative of the stomach, particularly for the acidic indomethacin. After transfer to a pH 7.4 medium, sustained release over between 6 and 22h is observed. Given the mucoadhesive nature of the PEO core, after dissolution of the shell the fibers will be able to adhere to the walls of the intestinal tract and give sustained local drug release. This renders them promising for the treatment of conditions such as irritable bowel disease and colon cancer.
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9
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A Second WNT for Old Drugs: Drug Repositioning against WNT-Dependent Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8070066. [PMID: 27429001 PMCID: PMC4963808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8070066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant WNT signaling underlies cancerous transformation and growth in many tissues, such as the colon, breast, liver, and others. Downregulation of the WNT pathway is a desired mode of development of targeted therapies against these cancers. Despite the urgent need, no WNT signaling-directed drugs currently exist, and only very few candidates have reached early phase clinical trials. Among different strategies to develop WNT-targeting anti-cancer therapies, repositioning of existing drugs previously approved for other diseases is a promising approach. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, the anti-leprotic clofazimine, and the anti-trypanosomal suramin are among examples of drugs having recently revealed WNT-targeting activities. In total, 16 human-use drug compounds have been found to be working through the WNT pathway and show promise for their prospective repositioning against various cancers. Advances, hurdles, and prospects of developing these molecules as potential drugs against WNT-dependent cancers, as well as approaches for discovering new ones for repositioning, are the foci of the current review.
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YOSHIKAWA NOBUHISA, KAJIYAMA HIROAKI, NAKAMURA KAE, UTSUMI FUMI, NIIMI KAORU, MITSUI HIROKO, SEKIYA RYUICHIRO, SUZUKI SHIRO, SHIBATA KIYOSUMI, CALLEN DAVID, KIKKAWA FUMITAKA. PRIMA-1MET induces apoptosis through accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species irrespective of p53 status and chemo-sensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2543-52. [PMID: 26986846 PMCID: PMC4811399 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an intensive need for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the most lethal gynecologic malignancy due to the high recurrence rate. TP53 mutation is a common event in EOC, particularly in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, where it occurs in more than 90% of cases. Recently, PRIMA-1 and PRIMA‑1MET (p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis and its methylated form) were shown to have an antitumor effect on several types of cancer. Despite that PRIMA-1MET is the first compound evaluated in clinical trials, the antitumor effects of PRIMA-1MET on EOC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of PRIMA-1MET for the treatment of EOC cells. PRIMA-1MET treatment of EOC cell lines (n=13) resulted in rapid apoptosis at various concentrations (24 h IC50 2.6-20.1 µM). The apoptotic response was independent of the p53 status and chemo-sensitivity. PRIMA‑1MET treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and PRIMA-1MET-induced apoptosis was rescued by an ROS scavenger. Furthermore, RNA expression analysis revealed that the mechanism of action of PRIMA‑1MET may be due to inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, such as Prx3 and GPx-1. In conclusion, our results suggest that PRIMA-1MET represents a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer irrespective of p53 status and chemo-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- NOBUHISA YOSHIKAWA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - HIROAKI KAJIYAMA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - KAE NAKAMURA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - FUMI UTSUMI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - KAORU NIIMI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - HIROKO MITSUI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - RYUICHIRO SEKIYA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - SHIRO SUZUKI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - KIYOSUMI SHIBATA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - DAVID CALLEN
- Centre for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - FUMITAKA KIKKAWA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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11
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Zhang L, Kim S, Ding W, Tong Y, Zhang X, Pan M, Chen S. Arsenic sulfide inhibits cell migration and invasion of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5579-90. [PMID: 26487802 PMCID: PMC4607060 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that arsenic sulfide (As4S4) induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human solid tumor cell lines, including those of gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of As4S4 on the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The human gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MGC803 were selected as in vitro models. Wound-healing migration assay and Transwell invasion assay were carried out to determine the effects of As4S4 on cell migration and invasion. The expressions of E-cadherin, β-catenin, Sp1, KLF4, and VEGF were measured by Western blotting analysis. The activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in MGC803 cells were demonstrated by zymography assay. A mouse xenograft model was established by inoculation with MGC803 cells, then intraperitoneal injected with As4S4 for 3 weeks and monitored for body weight and tumor changes. Finally, the inhibition rate of tumor growth was calculated, and the expression of proteins and genes associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in tumor tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS As4S4 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell lines. The expression of E-cadherin and KLF4 was upregulated, while the expressions of β-catenin, VEGF, and Sp1 were downregulated following treatment with As4S4. Moreover, the protease activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were suppressed by As4S4 in MGC803 cells. Meanwhile, As4S4 effectively suppressed the abilities of tumor growth and invasion in the xenograft tumor model. We found that As4S4 upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and downregulated the expression of β-catenin, Sp1, VEGF, and CD34 in mouse tumor tissues, consistent with the results in vitro. CONCLUSION As4S4 inhibited the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by blocking tumor cell adhesion, decreasing the ability of tumor cells to destroy the basement membrane, and therefore suppressing their angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sungkyoung Kim
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenping Ding
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minggui Pan
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Xiao Y, Jiang Z, Li Y, Ye W, Jia B, Zhang M, Xu Y, Wu D, Lai L, Chen Y, Chang Y, Huang X, Liu H, Qing G, Liu P, Li Y, Xu B, Zhong M, Yao Y, Pei D, Li P. ANGPTL7 regulates the expansion and repopulation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Haematologica 2015; 100:585-94. [PMID: 25637050 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.118612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful expansion of hematopoietic stem cells would benefit the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplants in the clinic. Several angiopoietin-like proteins, including angiopoietin-like 7, can support the activity of hematopoietic stem cells. However, effects of ANGPTL7 on human hematopoietic stem cells and the downstream signaling cascade activated by ANGPTL7 are poorly understood. Here, we established a human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell-supportive mouse fetal liver cell line that specifically expressed the Angptl7 protein. Furthermore, we found ANGPTL7 is capable of stimulating human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion and increasing the repopulation activities of human hematopoietic progenitors in xenografts. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that ANGPTL7 activated the expression of CXCR4, HOXB4 and Wnt downstream targets in human hematopoietic progenitors. In addition, chemical manipulation of Wnt signaling diminished the effects of ANGPTL7 on human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in culture. In summary, we identify the secreted growth factor ANGPTL7 as a regulator of both human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhiwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yaoyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yingjun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Hudan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Unviersity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoliang Qing
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Unviersity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Drug Discovery Pipeline, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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13
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Kisslov L, Hadad N, Rosengraten M, Levy R. HT-29 human colon cancer cell proliferation is regulated by cytosolic phospholipase A(2)α dependent PGE(2)via both PKA and PKB pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:1224-34. [PMID: 22728329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A(2)α (cPLA(2)α) up-regulation has been reported in human colorectal cancer cells, thus we aimed to elucidate its role in the proliferation of the human colorectal cancer cell line, HT-29. EGF caused a rapid activation of cPLA(2)α which coincided with a significant increase in cell proliferation. The inhibition of cPLA(2)α activity by pyrrophenone or by antisense oligonucleotide against cPLA(2)α (AS) or inhibition of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production by indomethacin resulted with inhibition of cell proliferation, that was restored by addition of PGE(2). The secreted PGE(2) activated both protein kinase A (PKA) and PKB/Akt pathways via the EP2 and EP4 receptors. Either, the PKA inhibitor (H-89) or the PKB/Akt inhibitor (Ly294002) caused a partial inhibition of cell proliferation which was restored by PGE(2). But, inhibited proliferation in the presence of both inhibitors could not be restored by addition of PGE(2). AS or H-89, but not Ly294002, inhibited CREB activation, suggesting that CREB activation is mediated by PKA. AS or Ly294002, but not H-89, decreased PKB/Akt activation as well as the nuclear localization of β-catenin and cyclin D1 and increased the plasma membrane localization of β-catenin with E-cadherin, suggesting that these processes are regulated by the PKB pathway. Similarly, Caco-2 cells exhibited cPLA(2)α dependent proliferation via activation of both PKA and PKB/Akt pathways. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the regulation of HT-29 proliferation is mediated by cPLA(2)α-dependent PGE(2) production. PGE(2)via EP induces CREB phosphorylation by the PKA pathway and regulates β-catenin and cyclin D1 cellular localization by PKB/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Kisslov
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Soroka Medical University Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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14
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Khaidakov M, Mitra S, Mehta JL. Adherence junction proteins in angiogenesis: modulation by aspirin and salicylic acid. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2012; 13:187-93. [PMID: 22240749 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e32834eecdc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of neovasculature correlates with plaque instability and rupture as well as tumor growth and aggressiveness. In recent years, aspirin has emerged as a powerful modality in prophylaxis of cardiovascular events, which may be linked to its inhibitory effects on angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the role of endothelial adherens junctions in angiogenesis and the modulation of adherens junctions by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid as mechanisms of the angiostatic potential of these agents. Exposure of human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) significantly enhanced tube formation. The disruption of adherens junctions as well as phosphorylation and cytoplasmic translocation of VE-cadherin and p120 catenin were early consequences of VEGF addition to the medium bathing the HUVECs. Pretreatment with ASA and salicylic acid prevented changes in adherence junction proteins and inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation by HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Angiogenesis is associated with significant alterations in adherens junctions. Both ASA and salicylic acid reduce angiogenesis by modulating adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magomed Khaidakov
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72212, USA.
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15
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Amrutkar JR, Gattani SG. A novel hydrogel plug ofSterculia urensfor pulsatile delivery:in vitroandin vivoevaluation. J Microencapsul 2011; 29:72-82. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.629789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Williams JL, Ji P, Ouyang N, Kopelovich L, Rigas B. Protein nitration and nitrosylation by NO-donating aspirin in colon cancer cells: Relevance to its mechanism of action. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1359-67. [PMID: 21406194 PMCID: PMC3096692 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide-donating aspirin (NO-ASA) is a promising agent for cancer prevention. Although studied extensively, its molecular targets and mechanism of action are still unclear. S-nitrosylation of signaling proteins is emerging as an important regulatory mechanism by NO. Here, we examined whether S-nitrosylation of the NF-κB, p53, and Wnt signaling proteins by NO-ASA might explain, in part, its mechanism of action in colon cancer. NO-ASA releases significant amounts of NO detected intracellularly in HCT116 and HT-29 colon cells. Using a modified biotin switch assay we demonstrated that NO-ASA S-nitrosylates the signaling proteins p53, β-catenin, and NF-κB, in colon cancer cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. NO-ASA suppresses NF-κB binding to its cognate DNA oligonucleotide, which occurs without changes in the nuclear levels of the NF-κB subunits p65 and p50 and is reversed by dithiothreitol that reduces -S-NO to -SH. In addition to S-nitrosylation, we documented both in vitro and in vivo widespread nitration of tyrosine residues of cellular proteins in response to NO-ASA. Our results suggest that the increased intracellular NO levels following treatment with NO-ASA modulate cell signaling by chemically modifying key protein members of signaling cascades. We speculate that S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration are responsible, at least in part, for the inhibitory growth effect of NO-ASA on cancer cell growth and that this may represent a general mechanism of action of NO-releasing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Ji
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY
| | - Nengtai Ouyang
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY
| | | | - Basil Rigas
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY
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17
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Design and evaluation of matrix base with sigmoidal release profile for colon-specific delivery using a combination of Eudragit and non-ionic cellulose ether polymers. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2011; 1:132-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-011-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Godin JD, Poizat G, Hickey MA, Maschat F, Humbert S. Mutant huntingtin-impaired degradation of beta-catenin causes neurotoxicity in Huntington's disease. EMBO J 2010; 29:2433-45. [PMID: 20531388 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder causing selective neuronal death in the brain. Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system may contribute to the disease; however, the exact mechanisms are still unknown. We report here a new pathological mechanism by which mutant huntingtin specifically interferes with the degradation of beta-catenin. Huntingtin associates with the beta-catenin destruction complex that ensures its equilibrated degradation. The binding of beta-catenin to the destruction complex is altered in HD, leading to the toxic stabilization of beta-catenin. As a consequence, the beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (beta-TrCP) rescues polyglutamine (polyQ)-huntingtin-induced toxicity in striatal neurons and in a Drosophila model of HD, through the specific degradation of beta-catenin. Finally, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin that decreases beta-catenin levels has a neuroprotective effect in a neuronal model of HD and in Drosophila and increases the lifespan of HD flies. We thus suggest that restoring beta-catenin homeostasis in HD is of therapeutic interest.
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19
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Wang H, Zhou Q. [E-cadherin/beta-catenin and the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2010; 13:254-9. [PMID: 20673524 PMCID: PMC6000538 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.03.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- Department of Thoracocardiac Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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20
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Wang J, Hu Y, Li L, Jiang T, Wang S, Mo F. Indomethacin-5-fluorouracil-methyl ester dry emulsion: a potential oral delivery system for 5-fluorouracil. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:647-56. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903410318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Chandran S, Sanjay KS, Ali Asghar LF. Microspheres with pH modulated release: Design and characterization of formulation variables for colonic delivery. J Microencapsul 2009; 26:420-31. [DOI: 10.1080/02652040802424021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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22
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Ali Asghar LF, Azeemuddin M, Jain V, Chandran S. Design and in vitro evaluation of formulations with pH and transit time controlled sigmoidal release profile for colon-specific delivery. Drug Deliv 2009; 16:295-303. [DOI: 10.1080/10717540902989936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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23
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Amrutkar JR, Gattani SG. Chitosan-chondroitin sulfate based matrix tablets for colon specific delivery of indomethacin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:670-7. [PMID: 19459052 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The different approaches for targeting orally administered drugs to the colon include coating with pH-dependent polymers, design of time-release dosage forms, and the utilization of carriers that are degraded exclusively by colonic bacteria. The aim of the present study was to develop a single unit, site-specific drug formulation allowing targeted drug release in the colon. Matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation using cross-linked chitosan (ChI) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) polysaccharides as binder and carrier. ChS was used to form polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) with ChI, and its potential as a colon-targeted drug carrier was investigated. Indomethacin was used as a model drug. The ChI and ChS PEC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction studies (XRD). The matrix tablets were tested in vitro for their suitability as colon-specific drug delivery systems. FTIR demonstrated that the PEC forms through an electrostatic interaction between the protonated amine (NH(3)(+) group of ChI with the free carboxylate (COO(-)) group and sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) group of ChS. DSC and XRD indicated that the PEC has different thermal characteristics from ChI or ChS. The dissolution data demonstrates that the dissolution rate of the tablet is dependent upon the concentration of polysaccharide used as binder and matrix and time of cross-linking. The study confirmed that selective delivery of indomethacin to the colon can be achieved using cross-linked ChI and ChS polysaccharides.
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24
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Asghar LFA, Chure CB, Chandran S. Colon specific delivery of indomethacin: effect of incorporating pH sensitive polymers in xanthan gum matrix bases. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:418-29. [PMID: 19381832 PMCID: PMC2690786 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, an attempt has been made to design controlled release colon-specific formulations of indomethacin by employing pH responsive polymers Eudragit (L100 or S100) in matrix bases comprised of xanthan gum. The prepared tablets were found to be of acceptable quality with low-weight variation and uniform drug content. In vitro release studies indicated rapid swelling and release of significant percentage of drug in the initial period from matrix tablets composed of xanthan gum alone. Addition of pH responsive polymers Eudragit (L100 or S100) to xanthan gum matrix resulted in negligible to very low drug release in the initial period in acidic to weakly acidic medium. Furthermore, with increase in pH of the dissolution medium due to dissolution of Eudragit L100/Eudragit S100 that resulted in the formation of a porous matrix, faster but controlled drug release pattern was observed. Thus, a sigmoidal release pattern was observed from the designed formulations suitable for colonic delivery. Drug release mechanism in all cases was found to be of super case II type, indicating erosion to be the primary cause of drug release. Since the drug release from almost all the matrix bases in the initial phase was negligibly low and followed with controlled release for about 14-16 h, it was concluded that a matrix design of this composition could have potential applications as a colon-specific drug delivery device with additional advantage of easy scale-up and avoidance of all-or-none phenomenon associated with coated colon-specific systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila F. A. Asghar
- />Formulation Development & Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333 031 Rajasthan India
| | - Chetan B. Chure
- />Formulation Development & Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333 031 Rajasthan India
| | - Sajeev Chandran
- />Formulation Development & Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, 333 031 Rajasthan India
- />Innovation Cell, Pharma Research, Lupin Ltd. (Research Park), 46A/47A, Nande Village, Mulshi Taluka, Pune, 411042 Maharashtra India
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25
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Asghar LFA, Azeemuddin M, Jain V, Chandran S. Design and in vitro evaluation of formulations with pH and transit time controlled sigmoidal release profile for colon-specific delivery. Drug Deliv 2009; 16:205-13. [DOI: 10.1080/10717540902823960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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26
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Asghar LFA, Chandran S. Design and evaluation of matrices of Eudragit with polycarbophil and carbopol for colon-specific delivery. J Drug Target 2008; 16:741-57. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860802473345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Cadmium induces a heterogeneous and caspase-dependent apoptotic response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Apoptosis 2008; 13:811-21. [PMID: 18463984 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The toxic metal cadmium is linked to a series of degenerative disorders in humans, in which Cd-induced programmed cell death (apoptosis) may play a role. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, provides a valuable model for elucidating apoptosis mechanisms, and this study extends that capability to Cd-induced apoptosis. We demonstrate that S. cerevisiae undergoes a glucose-dependent, programmed cell death in response to low cadmium concentrations, which is initiated within the first hour of Cd exposure. The response was associated with induction of the yeast caspase, Yca1p, and was abolished in a yca1Delta mutant. Cadmium-dependent apoptosis was also suppressed in a gsh1Delta mutant, indicating a requirement for glutathione. Other apoptotic markers, including sub-G(1) DNA fragmentation and hyper-polarization of mitochondrial membranes, were also evident among Cd-exposed cells. These responses were not distributed uniformly throughout the cell population, but were restricted to a subset of cells. This apoptotic subpopulation also exhibited markedly elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The heightened ROS levels alone were not sufficient to induce apoptosis. These findings highlight several new perspectives to the mechanism of Cd-dependent apoptosis and its phenotypic heterogeneity, while opening up future analyses to the power of the yeast model system.
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28
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Syed V, Mak P, Du C, Balaji KC. Beta-catenin mediates alteration in cell proliferation, motility and invasion of prostate cancer cells by differential expression of E-cadherin and protein kinase D1. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:82-95. [PMID: 17979146 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1) interacts with E-cadherin and is associated with altered cell aggregation and motility in prostate cancer (PC). Because both PKD1 and E-cadherin are known to be dysregulated in PC, in this study we investigated the functional consequences of combined dysregulation of PKD1 and E-cadherin using a panel of human PC cell lines. Gain and loss of function studies were carried out by either transfecting PC cells with full-length E-cadherin and/or PKD1 cDNA or by protein silencing by siRNAs, respectively. We studied major malignant phenotypic characteristics including cell proliferation, motility, and invasion at the cellular level, which were corroborated with appropriate changes in representative molecular markers. Down regulation or ectopic expression of either E-cadherin or PKD1 significantly increased or decreased cell proliferation, motility, and invasion, respectively, and combined down regulation cumulatively influenced the effects. Loss of PKD1 or E-cadherin expression was associated with increased expression of the pro-survival molecular markers survivin, beta-catenin, cyclin-D, and c-myc, whereas overexpression of PKD1 and/or E-cadherin resulted in an increase of caspases. The inhibitory effect of PKD1 and E-cadherin on cell proliferation was rescued by coexpression with beta-catenin, suggesting that beta-catenin mediates the effect of proliferation by PKD1 and E-cadherin. This study establishes the functional significance of combined dysregulation of PKD1 and E-cadherin in PC and that their effect on cell growth is mediated by beta-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viqar Syed
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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29
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Humar B, McNoe L, Dunbier A, Heathcott R, Braithwaite AW, Reeve AE. Heterogeneous gene expression changes in colorectal cancer cells share the WNT pathway in response to growth suppression by APHS-mediated COX-2 inhibition. Biologics 2008; 2:329-37. [PMID: 19707365 PMCID: PMC2721360 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the prostaglandin (PG)-synthesizing enzyme overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), has pleiotropic, cancer-promoting effects. COX-2 inhibitors (CIBs) interfere with many cancer-associated processes and show promising antineoplastic activity, however, a common mechanism of CIB action has not yet been established. We therefore investigated by microarray the global response towards the CIB APHS at a dose significantly inhibiting the growth of three COX-2-positive CRC but not of two COX-2-negative cell lines. None of the genes significantly (p = 0.005) affected by APHS were common to all three cell lines and 83% of the altered pathways were cell line-specific. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) on selected pathways confirmed cell line-specific expression alterations induced by APHS. A low stringency data analysis approach using BRB array tools coupled with QPCR, however, identified small expression changes shared by all COX-2-positive cell lines in genes related to the WNT pathway, the key driver of colonic carcinogenesis. Our data indicates a substantial cell line-specificity of APHS-induced expression alterations in CRC cells and helps to explain the divergent effects reported for CIBs. Further, the shared inhibition of the WNT pathway by APHS suggests one potential common mechanism behind the antineoplastic effects of COX-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bostjan Humar
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry; University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand
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30
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Zhu M, Tian D, Li J, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wu R. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β and β-catenin are involved in the injury and repair of bronchial epithelial cells induced by scratching. Exp Mol Pathol 2007; 83:30-8. [PMID: 17376431 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 02/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of airway epithelium to repair itself is an important step in the resolution of airway inflammation and diseases. To explore the cellular and molecular events involved in it, we established an in vitro injury and repair model by scratching a monolayer of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) and found that the closure of scratch-wounded gaps in BECs required cell migration and proliferation. Our studies further proved that over-expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) inhibited the wound closure, whereas over-expression of beta-catenin promoted it. We also demonstrated that scratching caused the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3beta probably through the PKC signaling pathway, and resulted in beta-catenin accumulation which was abolished by the GSK3beta over-expression or GF109203X, a PKC inhibitor. Moreover, our results showed that scratching induced nuclear translocation of beta-catenin and thereby activated beta-catenin/Tcf signaling, whereas the transcription activation could also be prevented by the GSK3beta over-expression. Finally, we found that the accumulation of beta-catenin was involved in the repair of scratch wounds by promoting the expression of cyclin D1 that linked to cell proliferation. Taken together, our studies suggest that the scratching-induced injury and repair of BECs may involve inhibition of GSK3beta activity which can lead to activation of the downstream signaling through beta-catenin, providing a possible mechanism implicated in the injury and repair of airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Disease of Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan 430030, PR China
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31
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van Leeuwen IMM, Byrne HM, Jensen OE, King JR. Elucidating the interactions between the adhesive and transcriptional functions of -catenin in normal and cancerous cells. J Theor Biol 2007; 247:77-102. [PMID: 17382967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signalling is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. The presence of an extracellular Wnt stimulus induces cytoplasmic stabilisation and nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, a protein that also plays an essential role in cadherin-mediated adhesion. Two main hypotheses have been proposed concerning the balance between beta-catenin's adhesive and transcriptional functions: either beta-catenin's fate is determined by competition between its binding partners, or Wnt induces folding of beta-catenin into a conformation allocated preferentially to transcription. The experimental data supporting each hypotheses remain inconclusive. In this paper we present a new mathematical model of the Wnt pathway that incorporates beta-catenin's dual function. We use this model to carry out a series of in silico experiments and compare the behaviour of systems governed by each hypothesis. Our analytical results and model simulations provide further insight into the current understanding of Wnt signalling and, in particular, reveal differences in the response of the two modes of interaction between adhesion and signalling in certain in silico settings. We also exploit our model to investigate the impact of the mutations most commonly observed in human colorectal cancer. Simulations show that the amount of functional APC required to maintain a normal phenotype increases with increasing strength of the Wnt signal, a result which illustrates that the environment can substantially influence both tumour initiation and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg M M van Leeuwen
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, Division of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Marjanović M, Zorc B, Pejnović L, Zovko M, Kralj M. Fenoprofen and Ketoprofen Amides as Potential Antitumor Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 69:222-6. [PMID: 17441909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Following numerous experimental observations that various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have antitumor potentials, a series of fenoprofenamides (1a-g) and ketoprofenamides (2a-c) was tested on proliferation of different human tumor cell lines and normal human fibroblasts in vitro. Fenoprofen and ketoprofen showed modest antiproliferative activity, whereas the growth inhibitory activity of the tested amides clearly demonstrates that the substituents linked by an amide bond are essential for the significantly stronger cytostatic activity, probably because of a greater lipophilicity and/or better cell uptake. Additionally, it was shown that the most active derivatives (1d and 2a) induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, as well as apoptosis.
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Barnes AP, Miller BE, Kucera GL. Cyclooxygenase inhibition and hyperthermia for the potentiation of the cytotoxic response in ovarian cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 104:443-50. [PMID: 16996114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The progression of chemotherapy-resistant cancer confers poor prognosis and decreases overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. Adjuvants to traditional chemotherapy regimens have become attractive modalities for the clinical treatment of refractory or resistant ovarian cancer. We evaluated whether the addition of NSAID to hyperthermic chemotherapy would increase cytotoxicity in cisplatin- and taxane-treated ovarian cancer cells. METHODS Western blot analysis was utilized to determine COX-2 protein expression levels in the 2008, cisplatin-sensitive, and C13*, cisplatin-resistant, cell lines. PGE2 levels were determined and analyzed as a function of cyclooxygenase activity by LC/MS/MS. Cells were treated with cisplatin, docetaxel or paclitaxel in combination with either NS-398 or sulindac sulfide at 37 degrees C, 41 degrees C or 43 degrees C. Cell viability was determined by a MTS cell proliferation assay. RESULTS Both cell lines expressed COX-2 protein, and NS-398 and sulindac sulfide effectively blocked PGE2 production. The addition of a NSAID to cisplatin treatment in 2008 and C13* cells offered enhanced cytotoxicity and this effect was further enhanced at 41 degrees C. In docetaxel-treated 2008 cells, both NS-398 and sulindac sulfide offered enhanced cell kill; however, this result was not observed in paclitaxel-treated cells. Hyperthermia appeared to play no additional role in taxane cytotoxicity enhancement, however no antagonism was detected. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the combination treatment (cisplatin or docetaxel in combination with NSAID) cause a dose-dependent enhancement of cytotoxicity. Hyperthermia may improve the results of intraperitoneal cisplatin therapy, thus warranting further evaluation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber P Barnes
- Department of Internal Medicine Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Barbarić M, Kralj M, Marjanović M, Husnjak I, Pavelić K, Filipović-Grcić J, Zorc D, Zorc B. Synthesis and in vitro antitumor effect of diclofenac and fenoprofen thiolated and nonthiolated polyaspartamide-drug conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 42:20-9. [PMID: 17010482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis and antiproliferative effects of new thiomer-diclofenac and fenoprofen conjugates, hydrophilic, bioadhesive, polymeric prodrugs, as well as antiproliferative effects of diclofenac, fenoprofen and a series of previously described polymer-fenoprofen conjugates on five tumor cell lines. Thiolated and nonthiolated polyaspartamides were the chosen polymeric components. Drug-loading ranged from 5.6 to 22.4%, and the amount of SH groups ranged from 6.9 to 45.6micromol g(-1). Tensile studies demonstrated a clear correlation between the amount of thiol and the mucoadhesive properties of the conjugates. The growth-inhibitory activity of the tested polymer-drug conjugates demonstrates that polyaspartamide-type polymers, especially thiolated polymers, enable inhibition of tumor cell growth with significantly lower doses of the active substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barbarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacića 1, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Bol D, Ebner R. Gene expression profiling in the discovery, optimization and development of novel drugs: one universal screening platform. Pharmacogenomics 2006; 7:227-35. [PMID: 16515402 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.7.2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in robotics and high-content screening and analysis methods, transcriptional profiling can now be utilized as a comprehensive forward chemical genomics platform for drug discovery, lead selection and lead optimization. It can be used to define the state of a cell on the basis of gene networks, and to search for drugs that can shift cellular states in a manner predicted at the genome level to be therapeutically beneficial. The treatment of cells with compounds produces transcriptional 'fingerprints' that reveal mechanism-of-action, and enable discrimination between individual compounds based on drug behaviors important to all phases of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bol
- Avalon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 20358 Seneca Meadows Parkway, Germantown, MD 20876, USA.
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Kundu JK, Choi KY, Surh YJ. beta-Catenin-mediated signaling: a novel molecular target for chemoprevention with anti-inflammatory substances. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2005; 1765:14-24. [PMID: 16226380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2004] [Revised: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of cancer. Accumulating evidence from clinical and laboratory-based studies suggests that substances with anti-inflammatory activities are potential candidates for chemoprevention. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology of cancer shed light on components of intracellular signaling cascades that can be potential molecular targets of chemoprevention with various anti-inflammatory substances. Although cyclooxygenase-2, a primary enzyme that mediates inflammatory responses, has been well recognized as a molecular target for chemoprevention by both synthetic and natural anti-inflammatory agents, the cellular signaling mechanisms that associate inflammation and cancer are not still clearly illustrated. Recent studies suggest that beta-catenin-mediated signaling, which regulates developmental processes, may act as a potential link between inflammation and cancer. This review aims to focus on beta-catenin-mediated signaling pathways, particularly in relation to its contribution to carcinogenesis, and the modulation of inappropriately activated beta-catenin-mediated signaling by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chemopreventive phytochemicals possessing anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Kumar Kundu
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Shinlim-dong, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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