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Li B, Wen F, Wang Z. Correlation between polymorphism of vitamin D receptor TaqI and susceptibility to tuberculosis: An update meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29127. [PMID: 35482984 PMCID: PMC9276446 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association between TaqI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene and tuberculosis (TB). METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Elsevier Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Chongqing VIP databases for case-control study on TaqI gene polymorphism and TB susceptivity. Quality assessment of studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the methodological assessment of case-control studies, and R 4.0.5 software was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS Among the 243 selected articles, 27 in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the TaqI gene polymorphism allene gene model (t vs T, odds ratio [OR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.27); dominant model (tt + tT vs TT, OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.98-1.29); recessive model (tt vs tT + TT, OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.03-1.51); codominant A (tt vs TT, OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.00-1.87); codominant B (tT vs TT, OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.99-1.19). And subgroup dominant model (tt + tT vs TT, OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.55) in Indianas, recessive model (tt vs tT + TT, OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.05-2.11) in Iranians, co-dominant B (tT vs TT, OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.59; OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05-1.93) in Indianas and Iranians. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests a significant association between TB and the risk of TaqI in Iranians and Indians, but the vitamin D receptor polymorphism TaqI was not associated with Chinese. Thus, validation studies will be required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Public Health, Medical School of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Fei Wen
- Xining First People's Hospital Xining, China
| | - Zhaofen Wang
- Department of Public Health, Medical School of Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Xu S, Xie X, Jiao L, Bai H, Wu X, Ying J, Ying B. Association analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis and vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms of Han population in Western China. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105190. [PMID: 34619312 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and tuberculosis (TB) infection risk. METHODS 597 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients from the Han population in Western China were randomly selected while 901 healthy subjects were divided into control group from September 2015 to September 2018. In the case-control study, 21 SNPs within the VDR gene were genotyped. Use SPSS 19.0 statistical software, SNP statistical software (Plink) and Pub-med network database to analyze the correlation between VDR SNP and PTB susceptibility. RESULTS The 14 SNPs of VDR gene screened in the experiment were consistent with the frequency of PTB-related and minor alleles> 5% in HapMap Asian population. Three SNPs (rs58379944, rs11574012, rs12581281) were correlated with PTB by x2 analysis. The rs58379944, rs11574012 alleles "G" and rs12581281 alleles "A" in genotype analysis were susceptible to tuberculosis. In the genotype analysis, allele "G" of rs58379944 and rs11574012 and allele "A" of rs12581281 provided protection against PTB infection. CONCLUSION rs58379944, rs12581281 and rs11574012 allelic variants in VDR gene were found to be closely associated with PTB infection in the Han population in Western China. The protection it achieved may be one of the reasons for reducing the infection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University /West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Santai People's Hospital, Mianyang, 621100, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- Santai People's Hospital, Mianyang, 621100, PR China
| | - Lin Jiao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University /West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Hao Bai
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University /West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xi Wu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University /West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jun Ying
- Santai People's Hospital, Mianyang, 621100, PR China.
| | - Binwu Ying
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University /West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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Yadav U, Kumar P, Rai V. FokI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis: Evidence through a meta-analysis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 92:104871. [PMID: 33901685 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is one of the top ten causes of deaths worldwide. The deficiency of vitamin D was reported to be associated with the increased susceptibility of tuberculosis. Various previous reports were published to check the association of FokI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene with tuberculosis risk. But their results were inconsistent so, we performed a meta-analysis to know the exact relation of the two. METHODS Different databases were screened up to November 2020 with the keywords "Vitamin D receptor", "VDR", and "FokI", along with "Tuberculosis" and "TB" to find the suitable articles. All the statistical analyses were performed by the Open Meta-Analyst program and all p-values were two-tailed with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS No statistically significant association was observed in the allele contrast model (ORfvs.F = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.99-1.24, p = 0.05, I2 = 73.46%), in the dominant model (ORff+Ffvs.FF = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.96-1.28, p = 0.14, I2 = 71.39%), and in the co-dominant model (ORFfvs.FF = 1.05, 95%CI = 0.92-1.21, p = 0.41, I2 = 65.97%). However, a significant association was found in the homozygote model (ORffvs.FF = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.03-1.69, p = 0.02, I2 = 67.02%) and in the recessive model (ORFF+Ff vs.ff = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.03-1.54, p = 0.02, I2 = 58.01%). Further analysis was performed on the bases of the ethnicity. In Asian population a significant association was found in the homozygote model (ORffvs.FF = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.12-2.21, p = 0.008, I2 = 70.37%) and in the recessive model (ORFF+Ff vs.ff = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.08-1.89, p = 0.01, I2 = 63.13%). CONCLUSION In conclusion, a significant association of FokI with tuberculosis susceptibility was found in the overall analysis and in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP, India
| | - Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP, India.
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van Daalen KR, Reijneveld JF, Bovenschen N. Modulation of Inflammation by Extracellular Granzyme A. Front Immunol 2020; 11:931. [PMID: 32508827 PMCID: PMC7248576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzyme A (GrA) has long been recognized as one of the key players in the induction of cell death of neoplastic, foreign or infected cells after granule delivery by cytotoxic cells. While the cytotoxic potential of GrA is controversial in current literature, accumulating evidence now indicates roles for extracellular GrA in modulating inflammation and inflammatory diseases. This paper aims to explore the literature presenting current knowledge on GrA as an extracellular modulator of inflammation by summarizing (i) the presence and role of extracellular GrA in several inflammatory diseases, and (ii) the potential molecular mechanisms of extracellular GrA in augmenting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R. van Daalen
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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To D or not to D: vitamin D in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:2060-2070. [PMID: 32335583 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an essential role in bone health, immune tolerance, and immune modulation. Autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients are at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency, which may increase risks of bone loss and fracture, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and relapse, and can delay hematologic and immune recovery following HCT. Growing evidence indicates that vitamin D may have a role as an immunomodulator, and supplementation during HCT may decrease the risk of GVHD, infection, relapse, and mortality. In this paper, we review the role of vitamin D and its association with HCT outcomes and discuss prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency after HCT in adult recipients. We review the role of monitoring of vitamin D levels pre- and post-HCT and its supplementation in appropriate patients. We also review the use of bone densitometry prior to HCT and in long-term follow-up and the treatment of osteoporosis in this high-risk population.
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Vitamin D treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells modulated immune activation and reduced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T lymphocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222878. [PMID: 31550271 PMCID: PMC6759150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucosal immune activation, in the context of sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection, is crucial, as the increased presence of activated T cells enhance susceptibility to infection. In this regard, it has been proposed that immunomodulatory compounds capable of modulating immune activation, such as Vitamin D (VitD) may reduce HIV-1 transmission and might be used as a safe and cost-effective strategy for prevention. Considering this, we examined the in vitro effect of the treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the active form of VitD, calcitriol, on cellular activation, function and susceptibility of CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 infection. METHODS We treated PBMCs from healthy HIV unexposed individuals (Co-HC) and frequently exposed, HIV-1 seronegative individuals (HESNs) from Colombia and from healthy non-exposed individuals from Canada (Ca-HC) with calcitriol and performed in vitro HIV-1 infection assays using X4- and R5-tropic HIV-1 strains respectively. In addition, we evaluated the activation and function of T cells and the expression of viral co-receptors, and select antiviral genes following calcitriol treatment. RESULTS Calcitriol reduced the frequency of infected CD4+ T cells and the number of viral particles per cell, for both, X4- and R5-tropic viruses tested in the Co-HC and the Ca-HC, respectively, but not in HESNs. Furthermore, in the Co-HC, calcitriol reduced the frequency of polyclonally activated T cells expressing the activation markers HLA-DR and CD38, and those HLA-DR+CD38-, whereas increased the subpopulation HLA-DR-CD38+. Calcitriol treatment also decreased production of granzyme, IL-2 and MIP-1β by T cells and increased the transcriptional expression of the inhibitor of NF-kB and the antiviral genes cathelicidin (CAMP) and APOBEC3G in PBMCs from Co-HC. CONCLUSION Our in vitro findings suggest that VitD treatment could reduce HIV-1 transmission through a specific modulation of the activation levels and function of T cells, and the production of antiviral factors. In conclusion, VitD remains as an interesting potential strategy to prevent HIV-1 transmission that should be further explored.
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Xu X, Shen M. Associations between vitamin D receptor genetic variants and tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Innate Immun 2019; 25:305-313. [PMID: 30987490 PMCID: PMC6830906 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919842643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate potential associations between
vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic variants and
tuberculosis (TB). Systematic literature research was conducted in
PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. We calculated odds ratios (ORs)
and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate strength of
associations in all possible genetic models, and P
values ≤ 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. In
total, 42 studies were enrolled for analyses. Pooled overall analyses
suggested that VDR rs1544410 (dominant model:
P = 0.02; allele model:
P = 0.03) and rs731236 (dominant model:
P = 0.04; recessive model:
P = 0.02; allele model: P = 0.01)
variants were significantly associated with TB. Further subgroup
analyses by ethnicity revealed that rs1544410 (dominant and allele
models) and rs731236 (dominant, recessive, and allele models) variants
were both significantly associated with TB in South Asians. When we
stratified data by type of disease, positive results were detected for
rs7975232 variant in EPTB (dominant, recessive, over-dominant, and
allele models) subgroup, and for rs2228570 variant in PTB (dominant,
recessive, and allele models) and EPTB (dominant, recessive,
over-dominant, and allele models) subgroups. Our meta-analysis
supported that rs7975232, rs1544410, rs2228570, and rs731236 variants
might serve as genetic biomarkers of certain types of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yu Yao People's Hospital, Yuyao, China
| | - Minghao Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yu Yao People's Hospital, Yuyao, China
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Lee GY, Park CY, Cha KS, Lee SE, Pae M, Han SN. Differential effect of dietary vitamin D supplementation on natural killer cell activity in lean and obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 55:178-184. [PMID: 29525609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has an immunoregulatory effect on both innate and adaptive immunity. Contradictory results regarding vitamin D and natural killer (NK) cell functions have been reported with in vitro studies, but little is known about this in vivo. We investigated whether vitamin D levels (50, 1000 or 10,000 IU/kg of diet: DD, DC or DS) affect NK cell functions in mice fed a control or high-fat diet (10% or 45% kcal fat: CD or HFD) for 12 weeks. The splenic NK cell activity was significantly higher in the CD-DS group than the HFD-DS group, and the CD-DS group showed significantly higher NK cell activity compared with the CD-DD and CD-DC groups. However, no difference in NK cell activity was observed among the HFD groups fed different levels of vitamin D. The splenic population of NK cells was significantly higher in the CD-DS group than the HFD-DS group. There was no difference in the intracellular expression of IFN-γ and the surface expression of NKG2D and CD107a in NK cells by both dietary fat and vitamin D content. The splenic mRNA expression of Ifng and Ccl5 was significantly lower in the HFD groups compared with the CD groups, but there was no difference in the mRNA levels of Vdup1 and Vdr among the groups. Taken together, these results suggest that dietary vitamin D supplementation can modulate innate immunity by increasing NK activity in control mice but not in obese mice. This effect might be mediated through alternation of the splenic NK cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Chan Yoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kyeong Sun Cha
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Munkyong Pae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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A reappraised meta-analysis of the genetic association between vitamin D receptor BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis risk. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170247. [PMID: 28533426 PMCID: PMC5463263 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism located in intron 8 at the 3′-end of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is known to be involved in the regulation of mRNA stability. Many studies evaluated the possible correlation between VDR BsmI polymorphism and the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and reported conflicting results. In the present study, an updated meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the above-said association. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar web-databases were searched for the relevant studies and a meta-analysis was performed by calculating pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all the genetic models. A total of 19 studies comprising 3644 controls and 2635 cases were included in the present study. Overall no association of PTB in allelic contrast (b compared with B: P=0.285; OR =0.909, 95% CI =0.762–1.083), homozygous (bb compared with BB: P=0.881; OR =0.975, 95% CI =0.700–1.359), heterozygous (bB compared with BB: P=0.834; OR =1.017, 95% CI =0.872–1.185), dominant (bb compared with BB + Bb: P=0.451; OR =0.954, 95% CI =0.843–1.079) and recessive (bb + Bb compared with BB: P=0.983; OR =1.002, 95% CI =0.868–1.156) genetic models in comparison with wild-type allele and genotype BB were observed. However, variant allele (b compared with B: P=0.001; OR =2.289, 95% CI =1.661–3.154) showed increased risk of PTB in Asians. In conclusion, VDR BsmI polymorphism is not a risk factor for PTB in overall population. However, this polymorphism may be interrelated to an increased risk of PTB amongst Asians.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Familial risk of tuberculosis (TB) has been recognized for centuries. Largely through studies of mono- and dizygotic twin concordance rates, studies of families with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, and candidate gene studies performed in the 20th century, it was recognized that susceptibility to TB disease has a substantial host genetic component. Limitations in candidate gene studies and early linkage studies made the robust identification of specific loci associated with disease challenging, and few loci have been convincingly associated across multiple populations. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies, based on microarray (commonly known as genechip) technologies, conducted in the past decade have helped shed some light on pathogenesis but only a handful of new pathways have been identified. This apparent paradox, of high heritability but few replicable associations, has spurred a new wave of collaborative global studies. This review aims to comprehensively review the heritability of TB, critically review the host genetic and transcriptomic correlates of disease, and highlight current studies and future prospects in the study of host genomics in TB. An implicit goal of elucidating host genetic correlates of susceptibility to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection or TB disease is to identify pathophysiological features amenable to translation to new preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic interventions. The translation of genomic insights into new clinical tools is therefore also discussed.
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Cao Y, Wang X, Cao Z, Cheng X. Vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:1118-1134. [PMID: 27695504 PMCID: PMC5016579 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between FokI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility has been investigated previously; however, the results were inconsistent and conflicting. In the present study, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the relationship between VDR FokI gene polymorphism and the risk of TB. MATERIAL AND METHODS Databases including PubMed and Embase were searched for genetic association studies of FokI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and TB. Data were extracted by two independent authors and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the strength of the association between VDR FokI gene polymorphism and TB risk. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Thirty-four studies with a total of 5669 cases and 6525 controls were reviewed in the present meta-analysis. A statistically significant correlation was found between VDR FokI gene polymorphism and increased TB risk in two comparison models: the homozygote model (ff vs. FF: OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17-1.60; Pheterogeneity = 0.001) and the recessive model (ff vs. Ff + FF: OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14-1.52; Pheterogeneity = 0.006). Meta-regression found no source contributing to heterogeneity. However, sub-group analyses revealed that there was a statistically increased TB risk in the East and Southeast Asian population. CONCLUSIONS Synthesis of the available studies suggests that homozygosity for the FokI polymorphism of the VDR gene might be associated with an increased TB risk, especially in the East and Southeast Asian population. Additional well-designed, larger-scale epidemiological studies among different ethnicities are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, 309th Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, 309th Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, 309th Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, 309th Hospital, Beijing, China
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Uranga S, Marinova D, Martin C, Pardo J, Aguilo N. Granzyme A Is Expressed in Mouse Lungs during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection but Does Not Contribute to Protection In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153028. [PMID: 27055232 PMCID: PMC4824395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzyme A, a serine protease expressed in the granules of cytotoxic T and Natural Killer cells, is involved in the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. Granzyme A has been described to induce in macrophages in vitro the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways that impair intracellular mycobacterial replication. In the present study, we explored the physiological relevance of Granzyme A in the control of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vivo. Our results show that, even though Granzyme A is expressed by cytotoxic cells from mouse lungs during pulmonary infection, its deficiency in knockout mice does not have an effect in the control of M. tuberculosis infection. In addition our findings indicate that absence of Granzyme A does not affect the protection conferred by the live-attenuated M. tuberculosis vaccine MTBVAC. Altogether, our findings are in apparent contradiction with previously published in vitro results and suggest that Granzyme A does not have a crucial role in vivo in the protective response to tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Uranga
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dessislava Marinova
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martin
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, ISS Aragón, Paseo Isabel la Católica 1–3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Immune Effector Cells Group (ICE), 3 Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Edificio CIBA, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Aragón I+D (ARAID), Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nacho Aguilo
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Shehu AI, Li G, Xie W, Ma X. The pregnane X receptor in tuberculosis therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 12:21-30. [PMID: 26592418 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1121381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the infectious diseases, tuberculosis (TB) remains the second most common cause of death after HIV. TB treatment requires the combination of multiple drugs including the rifamycin class. However, rifamycins are activators of human pregnane X receptor (PXR), a transcription factor that regulates drug metabolism, drug resistance, energy metabolism and immune response. Rifamycin-mediated PXR activation may affect the outcome of TB therapy. AREAS COVERED This review describes the role of PXR in modulating metabolism, efficacy, toxicity and resistance to anti-TB drugs; as well as polymorphisms of PXR that potentially affect TB susceptibility. EXPERT OPINION The wide range of PXR functions that mediate drug metabolism and toxicity in TB therapy are often underappreciated and thus understudied. Further studies are needed to determine the overall impact of PXR activation on the outcome of TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina I Shehu
- a Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA 15261 , USA
| | - Guangming Li
- b Department of Hepatology, the 6th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou , the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Wen Xie
- a Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA 15261 , USA
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- a Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA 15261 , USA
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Huang L, Liu C, Liao G, Yang X, Tang X, Chen J. Vitamin D Receptor Gene FokI Polymorphism Contributes to Increasing the Risk of Tuberculosis: An Update Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2256. [PMID: 26705207 PMCID: PMC4697973 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism and tuberculosis (TB) risk remains a matter of debate. Potential selection bias exists in most studies using HIV-positive TB patients.An update meta-analysis was carried out to derive a more reliable assessment of the association between FokI polymorphisms and TB risk, especially in HIV-negative TB patients. All major databases from inception to June 2015 were searched for all publications that studied the association between FokI polymorphism and TB risk. The odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated according to the frequencies of genotypes.In total, 32 studies with 4894 cases and 5319 controls were included in this meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, the estimated OR was 1.34 (95% CI=1.091-1.646, P = 0.005) in the best genetic model (recessive model, ff vs fF+FF) with moderate heterogeneity (I = 32.2%, P = 0.043). In the subgroup analysis stratified by HIV status, significant associations were found only in the HIV-negative TB group (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.180-2.077, P = 0.002; I = 29.5%, and P = 0.141 for heterogeneity). In the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, significant associations were found in the Asian group (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.205-2.261, P = 0.002; I = 43.9%, and P = 0.024 for heterogeneity), but not in the Caucasian group (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.762-1.547, P = 0.649; I = 0.0%, and P = 0.740 for heterogeneity) and African group (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.726-1.341, P = 0.934; I = 43.9%, and P = 0.024 for heterogeneity).This meta-analysis confirms that VDR FokI polymorphism contributes to the risk of TB, especially in HIV-negative TB patients and in the Asian group. Further studies are required to clarify the role of the FokI polymorphism in HIV-positive TB and in other ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Huang
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory (LH, XY); Department of Tuberculosis (CL); Department of Central Laboratory (GL, XT); Department of Science and Education, Longtan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Automomous Region, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China (JC)
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Facchini L, Venturini E, Galli L, Martino MD, Chiappini E. Vitamin D and tuberculosis: a review on a hot topic. J Chemother 2015; 27:128-38. [DOI: 10.1179/1973947815y.0000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Areeshi MY, Mandal RK, Akhter N, Panda AK, Haque S. Evaluating the Association between TaqI Variant of Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis: A Meta-analysis. Toxicol Int 2014; 21:140-7. [PMID: 25253922 PMCID: PMC4170554 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.139791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D has been shown to hamper the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages. The actions of vitamin D are exerted through a vitamin D receptor (VDR). The genetic variant TaqI of VDR has been implicated in tuberculosis (TB) risk in several case-control studies. However, these studies have shown inconsistent results. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the potential relationship between VDR TaqI polymorphism and risk of developing TB. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a quantitative synthesis for published studies based upon the relationship between TaqI polymorphism and TB risk from PubMed (Medline) and Embase databases. The meta-analysis was performed and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for all genetic models. RESULTS A total of 21 studies including 2,960 TB cases and 3,894 controls were included in this study. The pooled analysis demonstrated no evidence of association between VDR TaqI genotypes and risk of TB in any of the genetic models; variant (t vs T: P = 0.618; OR = 1.051, 95% CI = 0.864-1.278), homozygous (tt vs TT: P = 0.120; OR = 1.336, 95% CI = 0.927-1.924), heterozygous (Tt vs TT: P = 0.925; OR = 0.988, 95% CI = 0.774-1.262), dominant model (tt + Tt vs TT: P = 0.805; OR = 1.032, 95% CI = 0.805-1.322), and recessive model (tt vs TT + Tt: P = 0.180; OR = 1.229, 95% CI = 0.909-1.660). No publication bias was detected during the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Overall findings of this meta-analysis suggest that genetic polymorphism TaqI of VDR gene may not contribute to the risk of TB. However, future larger studies with group of populations are warranted to analyze this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y Areeshi
- Research Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Department of Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aditya K Panda
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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Areeshi MY, Mandal RK, Panda AK, Haque S. Vitamin D Receptor ApaI Gene Polymorphism and Tuberculosis Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:323-9. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raju Kumar Mandal
- Department of Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Aditya K. Panda
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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Chen C, Liu Q, Zhu L, Yang H, Lu W. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on the risk of tuberculosis, a meta-analysis of 29 case-control studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83843. [PMID: 24349552 PMCID: PMC3862802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship of four potentially functional polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, ApaI, BsmI, FokI and TaqI , with tuberculosis susceptibility were considered. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the association between the four polymorphisms and tuberculosis risk in different ethnic backgrounds. Eligible case-control studies that were catalogued before April 1st 2013 were enrolled, and the heterogeneity between the studies was evaluated using a χ2 based Q-test. Fixed and random effect models were built to evaluate the association of the four polymorphisms with the risk of tuberculosis, and the association between the four polymorphisms and tuberculosis was expressed as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Finally, twenty nine qualified studies were enrolled for this meta-analysis that included 6179 tuberculosis cases and 6585 healthy controls. The variant homozygote genotype of the FokI polymorphism was associated with a significantly increased risk of tuberculosis when compared to the heterozygote and wild type homozygote genotypes in the Chinese population (ff vs. Ff+FF: ORrecessive=1.97, 95%CI: 1.32-2.93, Pbonferroni=0.0032; heterogeneity test: χ2=0.24, P=0.62). For European subjects, the homozygote and heterozygote genotypes of the BsmI polymorphism were associated with a significantly decreased risk of tuberculosis when compared to the wild type homozygote (bb+Bb vs. BB: ORdominant=0.41, 95%CI, 0.22-0.76, Pbonferroni=0.02; heterogeneity test: χ2=2.59, P=0.11). Based on the above results, we conclude that variants of the VDR gene that are homozygous for the FokI polymorphism might be more susceptible to tuberculosis in Chinese. Furthermore, larger sample studies are warranted to confirm the protective effects of BsmI variants on tuberculosis in the Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Limei Zhu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Wu YJ, Yang X, Wang XX, Qiu MT, You YZ, Zhang ZX, Zhu SM, Xu L, Tang FL. Association of vitamin D receptor BsmI gene polymorphism with risk of tuberculosis: a meta-analysis of 15 studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66944. [PMID: 23825591 PMCID: PMC3692555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic variations in vitamin D receptor (VDR) may contribute to tuberculosis (TB) risk. Many studies have investigated the association between VDR BsmI gene polymorphism and TB risk, but yielded inconclusive results. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 15 publications with a total of 2309 cases and 3568 controls. We assessed the strength of the association between VDR BsmI gene polymorphism and TB risk and performed sub-group analyses by ethnicity, sample size and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). We found a statistically significant correlation between VDR BsmI gene polymorphism and decreased TB risk in four comparison models: allele model (b vs. B: OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.89; Pheterogeneity = 0.004), homozygote model (bb vs. BB: OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.87; Pheterogeneity = 0.001), recessive model (bb vs. Bb+BB: OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.56, 0.88; Pheterogeneity = 0.005) and dominant model (bb+Bb vs. BB: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61, 0.97; Pheterogeneity = 0.010), especially in studies based on Asian population. Sub-group analyses also revealed that there was a statistically decreased TB risk in “small” studies (<500 participants) and studies with PHWE>0.5. Meta-regression and stratification analysis both showed that the ethnicity and sample size contributed to heterogeneity. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that VDR BsmI gene polymorphism is associated with a significant decreased TB risk, especially in Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-jiao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-xiao Wang
- Department of Bio-statistics, Georgia Health Science University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Man-Tang Qiu
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-zhong You
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou First People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhi-xin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Shan-mei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (F-lT)
| | - Feng-lei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (F-lT)
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Nemazannikova N, Antonas K, Dass CR. Vitamin D: metabolism, molecular mechanisms, and mutations to malignancies. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:421-31. [PMID: 23359295 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The potential protective effects of vitamin D against cutaneous carcinogenesis are still poorly understood. The inhibition, by vitamin D, of various cancers in in vitro and in vivo models has triggered detailed investigation of vitamin D effects on neoplastic behavior. Recent studies highlight that such neoplastic features as the tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis, DNA mutagenesis, and apoptosis are all connected to vitamin D metabolic pathways. This review discusses these connections. Vitamin D modulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis via its receptors (VDRs) may have a suppressive effect on skin cancer as some studies suggest. The regulation of multiple tumor signaling pathways by vitamin D may have an implication in cutaneous carcinogenesis and tumor progression to malignancy.
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Aranday-Cortes E, Bull NC, Villarreal-Ramos B, Gough J, Hicks D, Ortiz-Peláez Á, Vordermeier HM, Salguero FJ. Upregulation of IL-17A, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in Early-Stage Granulomas Induced byMycobacterium bovisin Cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 60:525-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Aranday-Cortes
- TB Research Group; Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, AHVLA - Weybridge; New Haw Addlestone Surrey UK
| | - N. C. Bull
- TB Research Group; Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, AHVLA - Weybridge; New Haw Addlestone Surrey UK
- Pathology Unit; Department of Specialist Scientific Support; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, AHVLA - Weybridge; New Haw Addlestone Surrey UK
| | - B. Villarreal-Ramos
- TB Research Group; Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, AHVLA - Weybridge; New Haw Addlestone Surrey UK
| | - J. Gough
- Pathology Unit; Department of Specialist Scientific Support; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, AHVLA - Weybridge; New Haw Addlestone Surrey UK
| | - D. Hicks
- Pathology Unit; Department of Specialist Scientific Support; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, AHVLA - Weybridge; New Haw Addlestone Surrey UK
| | - Á. Ortiz-Peláez
- Centre for Epidemiology and Risk Analysis; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, AHVLA - Weybridge; New Haw Addlestone Surrey UK
| | - H. M. Vordermeier
- TB Research Group; Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, AHVLA - Weybridge; New Haw Addlestone Surrey UK
| | - F. J. Salguero
- Pathology Unit; Department of Specialist Scientific Support; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, AHVLA - Weybridge; New Haw Addlestone Surrey UK
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Qidwai T, Jamal F, Khan MY. DNA Sequence Variation and Regulation of Genes Involved in Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:568-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Su Q, Ma X, Lin H, Li Y, Hu D, Xiong H, Xu R, Li Y. Association between gene polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor and pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1000-1948(11)60028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tripathi G, Sharma R, Sharma RK, Gupta SK, Sankhwar SN, Agrawal S. Vitamin D receptor genetic variants among patients with end-stage renal disease. Ren Fail 2010; 32:969-77. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2010.501934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Biswas A, Mani S, Redinbo MR, Krasowski MD, Li H, Ekins S. Elucidating the 'Jekyll and Hyde' nature of PXR: the case for discovering antagonists or allosteric antagonists. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1807-15. [PMID: 19415465 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and is involved in the transcriptional control of numerous genes. It was originally thought that it was a xenobiotic sensor controlling detoxification pathways. Recent studies have shown an increasingly important role in inflammation and cancer, supporting its function in abrogating tissue damage. PXR orthologs and PXR-like pathways have been identified in several non-mammalian species which corroborate a conserved role for PXR in cellular detoxification. In summary, PXR has a multiplicity of roles in vivo and is being revealed as behaving like a "Jekyll and Hyde" nuclear hormone receptor. The importance of this review is to elucidate the need for discovery of antagonists of PXR to further probe its biology and therapeutic applications. Although several PXR agonists are already reported, virtually nothing is known about PXR antagonists. Here, we propose the development of PXR antagonists through chemical, genetic and molecular modeling approaches. Based on this review it will be clear that antagonists of PXR and PXR-like pathways will have widespread utility in PXR biology and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Biswas
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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