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Al-Sheikh A, Jaber MA, Khalaf H, AlKhawaja N, Abuarqoub D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-morpholino-4-anilinoquinoline derivatives as antitumor agents against HepG2 cell line. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3304-3313. [PMID: 38249681 PMCID: PMC10798140 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07495a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening illness all over the world, and developing anticancer treatments with high efficacy and low side effects remains a challenge. The quinoline ring structure has long been recognized as a flexible nucleus in the design and synthesis of physiologically active chemicals. In this study, five new 2-morpholino-4-anilinoquinoline compounds were synthesized and their biological anticancer potential against the HepG2 cell line was assessed. The compounds produced demonstrated varying responses against HepG2 cells, with compounds 3c, 3d, and 3e exhibiting the highest activity, with IC50 values of 11.42, 8.50, and 12.76 μM, respectively. It is a critical requirement that anticancer medications are able to selectively decrease cancer growth while not causing damage to normal cells. Compound 3e exhibited increased activity while maintaining adequate selectivity. It was also the most effective chemical against cell migration and adhesion, which could play an important role in drug resistance and cell metastasis. In total, the findings revealed good possibilities for anticancer therapy, suggesting a target for future development of anticancer medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra Amman 11196 Jordan
| | - Malak A Jaber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra Amman 11196 Jordan
| | - Hana'a Khalaf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diets, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra Amman 11196 Jordan
| | - Nour AlKhawaja
- Pharmaceutical Studies Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra Amman 11196 Jordan
| | - Duaa Abuarqoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra Amman 11196 Jordan
- Cell Therapy Center, University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan
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Gao H, Liu C, Ren Q, Zhang L, Qin W, Wang H, Zhang Y. The Novel SLRP Family Member Lumican Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth. Pancreas 2023; 52:e29-e36. [PMID: 37378898 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The past studies clearly indicated that lumican was important in the context of pancreatic cancer (PC) onset and progression, but failed to clarify the underlying mechanistic basis for such activity. As such, we evaluated the functional importance of lumican in the context of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to understand its mechanistic role in PC. METHODS Lumican levels were evaluated in PDAC patient tissues via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry approaches. The role of lumican was additionally assessed via transfecting PDAC cell lines (BxPC-3, PANC-1) with lumican knockdown or overexpression constructs and treating PDAC cell lines with exogenous recombinant human lumican. RESULTS Lumican expression levels were significantly higher in pancreatic tumor tissues relative to healthy paracancerous tissues. Lumican knockdown in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 enhanced their proliferation and migration, but reduced cellular apoptosis. Alternatively, lumican overexpression and exogenous lumican exposure failed to alter the proliferative activity of these cells. Further, lumican knockdown in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells results in marked P53 and P21 dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS Lumican may suppress PDAC tumor growth by regulating P53 and P21, and the function of lumican sugar chains in the context of PC is worth studying in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Litao Zhang
- Department of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Wei Qin
- From the College of Pharmacy
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Karamfilova V, Gateva A, Assyov Y, Nedeva I, Velikova T, Cherkezov N, Mateva L, Kamenov Z. Lumican in Obese Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With or Without Prediabetes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:443-448. [PMID: 32780624 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Karamfilova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital “Alexandrovska,” Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antoaneta Gateva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital “Alexandrovska,” Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yavor Assyov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital “Alexandrovska,” Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iveta Nedeva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital “Alexandrovska,” Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ludmila Mateva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Gastroenterology, University Hospital “St. Ivan Rilski,” Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zdravko Kamenov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital “Alexandrovska,” Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Xiao D, Liang T, Zhuang Z, He R, Ren J, Jiang S, Zhu L, Wang K, Shi D. Lumican promotes joint fibrosis through TGF-β signaling. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2478-2488. [PMID: 32910552 PMCID: PMC7609791 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Joint contracture (also known as arthrofibrosis) is a fibrotic joint disorder characterized by excessive collagen production to form fibrotic scar tissue and adhesions within joint capsules. This can severely affect day‐to‐day activities and quality of life because of a restricted range of motion in affected joints. The precise pathogenic mechanism underlying joint contractures is not fully understood. Lumican belongs to the class II small leucine‐rich repeat proteoglycan superfamily, which makes up collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix. Lumican is ubiquitously expressed in the skin, liver, heart, uterus and articular cartilage and has reported roles in cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis and Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling. Previous research has suggested that lumican is involved in the pathogenesis of several fibrotic diseases. Because joint contracture resembles a fibrotic disease, we aimed to investigate the role of lumican in the development of joint contracture in vitro. Here, we showed that protein levels were up‐regulated in the fibrotic joint capsule versus control. We observed that lumican significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration and fibroblast–myofibroblast transition of synovial fibroblasts. Moreover, lumican led to increased transcription of alpha‐smooth muscle actin, matrix metallopeptidase 9, Collagen I, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and transforming growth factor‐β in vitro. Lumican treatment promoted collagen lattice contraction in a dose‐dependent manner as early as 24 h after treatment. Thus, our studies reveal that lumican could promote fibroblast–myofibroblast transition and joint contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Xiao
- Department of Joint and Trauma Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tangzhao Liang
- Department of Joint and Trauma Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Zhuang
- Department of Joint and Trauma Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghan He
- Department of Joint and Trauma Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Ren
- Department of Joint and Trauma Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihai Jiang
- Department of Joint and Trauma Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Joint and Trauma Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehai Shi
- Department of Joint and Trauma Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Karamanou K, Franchi M, Onisto M, Passi A, Vynios DH, Brézillon S. Evaluation of lumican effects on morphology of invading breast cancer cells, expression of integrins and downstream signaling. FEBS J 2020; 287:4862-4880. [PMID: 32160387 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The small leucine-rich proteoglycan lumican regulates estrogen receptors (ERs)-associated functional properties of breast cancer cells, expression of matrix macromolecules, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. However, it is not known whether the ER-dependent lumican effects on breast cancer cells are related to the expression of integrins and their intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we analyzed the effects of lumican in three breast cancer cell lines: the highly metastatic ERβ-positive MDA-MB-231, cells with the respective ERβ-suppressed (shERβMDA-MB-231), and lowly invasive ERα-positive MCF-7/c breast cancer cells. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, real-time PCR, western blot, and cell adhesion assays were performed. Lumican effects on breast cancer cell morphology were also investigated in 3-dimensional collagen cultures. Lumican treatment induced cell-cell contacts and cell grouping and inhibited microvesicles and microvilli formation. The expression of the cell surface adhesion receptor CD44, its isoform and variants, hyaluronan (HA), and HA synthases was also investigated. Lumican inhibited the expression of CD44 and HA synthases, and its effect on cell adhesion revealed a major role of α1, α2, α3, αVβ3, and αVβ5 integrins in MDA-MB-231 cells, but not in MCF-7/c cells. Lumican upregulated the expression of α2 and β1 integrin subunits both in MDA-MB-231 and in shERβMDA-MB-231 as compared to MCF-7/c cells. Downstream signaling pathways for integrins, such as FAK, ERK 1/2 MAPK 42/44, and Akt, were found to be downregulated by lumican. Our data shed light to the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anticancer activity of lumican in invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karamanou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7369, Reims, France
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7369, Reims, France
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Karamanou K, Franchi M, Vynios D, Brézillon S. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invadopodia markers in breast cancer: Lumican a key regulator. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:125-133. [PMID: 31401293 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A great hallmark of breast cancer is the absence or presence of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, with a dominant role in cell proliferation, differentiation and cancer progression. Both receptors are related with Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) since there is a relation between ERs and extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules expression, and therefore, cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. The endocrine resistance of ERα endows epithelial cells with increased aggressiveness and induces cell proliferation, resulting into a mesenchymal phenotype and an EMT status. ERα signaling may affect the transcriptional factors which govern EMT. Knockdown or silencing of ERα and ERβ in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells respectively, provoked pivotal changes in phenotype, cellular functions, mRNA and protein levels of EMT markers, and consequently the EMT status. Mesenchymal cells owe their migratory and invasive properties to invadopodia, while in epithelial cells, lamellipodia and filopodia are mostly observed. Invadopodia, are actin-rich protrusions of plasma membrane, promoting proteolytic degradation of ECM and tumor invasion. Cortactin and MMP-14 govern the formation and principal functions of invadopodia. In vitro experiments proved that lumican inhibits cortactin and MMP-14 expression, alters the formation of lamellipodia and transforms mesenchymal cells into epithelial-like. Conclusively, lumican may inhibit or even reverse the several metastatic features that EMT endows in breast cancer cells. Therefore, a lumican-based anti-cancer therapy which will pharmacologically target and inhibit EMT might be interesting to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karamanou
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France; Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Demitrios Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.
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Miyamoto S, Ruhaak LR, Stroble C, Salemi MR, Phinney B, Lebrilla CB, Leiserowitz GS. Glycoproteomic Analysis of Malignant Ovarian Cancer Ascites Fluid Identifies Unusual Glycopeptides. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3358-76. [PMID: 27500424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality among women, largely due to late diagnosis of advanced metastatic disease. More extensive molecular analysis of metastatic ovarian cancer is needed to identify post-translational modifications of proteins, especially glycosylation that is particularly associated with metastatic disease to better understand the metastatic process and identify potential therapeutic targets. Glycoproteins in ascites fluid were enriched by affinity binding to lectins (ConA or WGA) and other affinity matrices. Separate glycomic, proteomic, and glycopeptide analyses were performed. Relative abundances of different N-glycan groups and proteins were identified from ascites fluids and a serum control. Levels of biomarkers CA125, MUC1, and fibronectin were also monitored in OC ascites samples by Western blot analysis. N-Glycan analysis of ascites fluids showed the presence of large, highly fucosylated and sialylated complex and hybrid glycans, some of which were not observed in normal serum. OC ascites glycoproteins, haptoglobin, fibronectin, lumican, fibulin, hemopexin, ceruloplasmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin were more abundant in OC ascites or not present in serum control samples. Further glycopeptide analysis of OC ascites identified N- and O-glycans in clusterin, hemopexin, and fibulin glycopeptides, some of which are unusual and may be important in OC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Miyamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - L Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Chemistry, UC Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Carol Stroble
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Michelle R Salemi
- Proteomic Core, Genome Center, UC Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Brett Phinney
- Proteomic Core, Genome Center, UC Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, UC Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Gary S Leiserowitz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, UC Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California 95817, United States
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Lumican as a novel marker for differential diagnosis of Bowen disease and actinic keratosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2014; 35:827-32. [PMID: 23719483 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31827c7f31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lumican, a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, regulates the assembly and diameter of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix of various tissues. Lumican expression correlates with pathological conditions, including skin fragility, corneal opacification, and corneal and cardiac wound healing. Lumican is overexpressed in tumor cells, including in the breast, colorectal, neuroendocrine cell, uterine cervical, and pancreatic cancers. Lumican expression also correlates with the growth and metastasis of various malignancies. For example, lumican expression is lower in the dermis of malignant melanoma cases than in early-stage melanomas. However, the expression patterns and roles of lumican in nonmelanoma skin cancer have not been elucidated. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to examine the expression patterns of lumican in normal skin, Bowen disease, and actinic keratosis. In normal skin, lumican was expressed in the collagen fibers in the dermis, acrosyringium, follicular epithelium, and sebocytes but not in epidermal keratinocytes. In Bowen disease, lumican was expressed in 34 (91.8%) of 37 patients. Notably, all cases of actinic keratosis were negative for lumican. These findings suggest that lumican plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Bowen disease and actinic keratosis and might be useful as an adjunct to the diagnosis for subtypes of 2 diseases: bowenoid actinic keratosis and Bowen disease in sun-exposed areas.
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Stamov DR, Müller A, Wegrowski Y, Brezillon S, Franz CM. Quantitative analysis of type I collagen fibril regulation by lumican and decorin using AFM. J Struct Biol 2013; 183:394-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nelson P, Ngoc Tran TD, Zhang H, Zolochevska O, Figueiredo M, Feng JM, Gutierrez DL, Xiao R, Yao S, Penn A, Yang LJ, Cheng H. Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 channel controls calcium signals and dental follicle stem cell differentiation. Stem Cells 2013; 31:167-77. [PMID: 23081848 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevations in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration are a phenomena commonly observed during stem cell differentiation but cease after the process is complete. The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is an ion channel that controls Ca(2+) signals in excitable and nonexcitable cells. However, its role in stem cells remains unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize TRPM4 in rat dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) and to determine its impact on Ca(2+) signaling and the differentiation process. We identified TRPM4 gene expression in DFSCs, but not TRPM5, a closely related channel with similar function. Perfusion of cells with increasing buffered Ca(2+) resulted in a concentration-dependent activation of currents typical for TRPM4, which were also voltage-dependent and had Na(+) conductivity. Molecular suppression with shRNA decreased channel activity and cell proliferation during osteogenesis but not adipogenesis. As a result, enhanced mineralization and phosphatase enzyme activity were observed during osteoblast formation, although DFSCs failed to differentiate into adipocytes. Furthermore, the normal agonist-induced first and secondary phases of Ca(2+) signals were transformed into a gradual and sustained increase which confirmed the channels' ability to control Ca(2+) signaling. Using whole genome microarray analysis, we identified several genes impacted by TRPM4 during DFSC differentiation. These findings suggest an inhibitory role for TRPM4 on osteogenesis while it appears to be required for adipogenesis. The data also provide a potential link between the Ca(2+) signaling pattern and gene expression during stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper Nelson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Brézillon S, Pietraszek K, Maquart FX, Wegrowski Y. Lumican effects in the control of tumour progression and their links with metalloproteinases and integrins. FEBS J 2013; 280:2369-81. [PMID: 23438179 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lumican is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family. It is present in numerous extracellular matrices of different tissues, such as muscle, cartilage, and cornea. In skin, lumican is present as a glycoprotein. It plays a critical role in collagen fibrillogenesis, as shown by knocking out of its gene in mice. A direct link between lumican expression and melanoma progression and metastasis has been demonstrated. Lumican was shown to impede tumour cell migration and invasion by directly interacting with the α2β1 integrin. In addition, an active sequence of the lumican core protein, called lumcorin, was identified as being responsible for inhibition of melanoma cell migration. Lumican was also shown to exert angiostatic properties by downregulating the proteolytic activity associated with endothelial cell membranes, particularly matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 and MMP-9. Globally, lumican appears to be a potent agent for inhibiting tumour progression rather than tumorigenesis. However, progressive changes in proteoglycans occur in the tumour environment. The complexity and diversity of proteoglycan structure might be responsible for a variety of functions that regulate cell behaviour. Through their core protein and their glycosaminoglycan chains, proteoglycans can interact with growth factors and chemokines. These interactions affect cell signalling, motility, adhesion, growth, and apoptosis. This review summarizes recent data concerning lumican control of tumour progression in different cancers, with a particular focus on its interactions with MMPs and integrins. Its potential therapeutic implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Brézillon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS FRE 3481, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
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Krishnan A, Li X, Kao WWY, Viker K, Butters K, Masuoka H, Knudsen B, Gores G, Charlton M. Lumican, an extracellular matrix proteoglycan, is a novel requisite for hepatic fibrosis. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1712-25. [PMID: 23007134 PMCID: PMC3810270 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumican, an extracellular matrix proteoglycan was previously shown to be upregulated with increasing severity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although lumican is involved in collagen fibrillogenesis in extra-hepatic tissues, little is known about the role of lumican in hepatic disease. We therefore determined lumican expression in etiologies other than clinical NASH. Our results indicated that lumican is upregulated in clinical samples of hepatitis C virus infection, in experimental rodent models of chronic and acute liver injury and could additionally be induced in vitro in response to the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and to lipotoxic palmitic acid. Together, these results suggested a role for lumican in hepatic fibrosis. To investigate the functional role of lumican in hepatic fibrosis, lumican null (Null) and wild-type (WT) littermates were administered carbon tetrachloride intra-peritoneally. Serum and liver tissue were analyzed for indices of liver injury, fibrosis, matrix turnover, and proliferation. Hepatic fibrosis was greatly reduced in null animals (P<0.05). Paradoxically, gene expression of fibrosis-related genes such as TGFβ1 and collagen 1 was numerically higher in null animals though statistically insignificant from WT animals. On the other hand, α smooth muscle actin expression (α-SMA), a marker for activated fibroblasts, the main contributors of collagen production was significantly higher (P<0.05) in null animals as compared with WT littermates. Among the matrix metalloproteases (MMP), MMP13 was significantly increased (P<0.05) in null animals. Ultra-structural imaging indicated differences in the organization and spatial distribution of hepatic collagen fibrils of null and WT mice. Cell proliferation was significantly increased (P<0.05) in null animals. We conclude that lumican is a prerequisite for hepatic fibrosis. The protective effect of lumican deficiency in hepatic fibrosis appears to be downstream of collagen production and mediated through the combined effects of impaired collagen fibrillogenesis, increased matrix turnover, and an enhanced proliferative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Krishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Viker
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kim Butters
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Howard Masuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bruce Knudsen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Charlton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Radwanska A, Litwin M, Nowak D, Baczynska D, Wegrowski Y, Maquart FX, Malicka-Blaszkiewicz M. Overexpression of lumican affects the migration of human colon cancer cells through up-regulation of gelsolin and filamentous actin reorganization. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2312-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yamamoto T, Matsuda Y, Kawahara K, Ishiwata T, Naito Z. Secreted 70kDa lumican stimulates growth and inhibits invasion of human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 320:31-9. [PMID: 22266188 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Lumican expression in the stromal tissues of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) correlates with tumor invasion, and tends to correlate with poor prognosis. We used gene transfection techniques to examine the biological roles of lumican secreted from PDAC cells. Lumican-transfected PANC-1 cells secreted a 70-kDa lumican protein and had an active ERK pathway. Transfection stimulated PANC-1 cell growth, increased cell adhesion to laminin, inhibited cell invasion, and decreased active matrix metalloproteinase-9. Down-regulation of lumican using siRNA resulted in opposite cell behavior. Thus, the 70-kDa lumican secreted by PDAC cells plays important roles in cell growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Yamamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Nikitovic D, Chalkiadaki G, Berdiaki A, Aggelidakis J, Katonis P, Karamanos NK, Tzanakakis GN. Lumican regulates osteosarcoma cell adhesion by modulating TGFβ2 activity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:928-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Matsuda Y, Naito Z, Kawahara K, Nakazawa N, Korc M, Ishiwata T. Nestin is a novel target for suppressing pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11:512-23. [PMID: 21258211 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.11.5.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nestin, is a class VI intermediate filament (IF) that is expressed in 30% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases, and its expression in PDAC positively correlates with peripancreatic invasion. An expression vector carrying a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting nestin was stably transfected into PANC-1 and PK-45H human pancreatic cancer cells, which express high nestin levels. Alterations in morphology and alignment of actin filaments and α-tubulin were examined by phase-contrast and immunocytochemistry. Effects on cell growth, migration in scratch and Boyden chamber assays, invasion, cell adhesion, and in vivo growth were determined. Differences in mRNA levels were examined by arrays. Nestin shRNA-transfected cells exhibited decreased nestin expression, a sheet-like appearance with tight cell-cell adhesion, increased expression of filamentous F-actin and E-cadherin, and attenuated migration and invasion, both of which were enhanced following nestin re-expression. Expression of α-tubulin, and in vitro cell growth and adhesion were not altered by nestin down-regulation, whereas hepatic metastases were decreased. Thus, nestin plays important roles in pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis by selectively modulating the expression of actin and cell adhesion molecules, and may therefore be a novel therapeutic target in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hu YQ, Si LJ, Ye ZS, Lin ZH, Ke XS. Effect of PD98059 on the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells and tumor growth in Panc-1-xenografted nude mice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:2756-2761. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i26.2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of PD98059, a specific inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway, on the apoptosis and proliferation of pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells and tumor growth in Panc-1-xenografted nude mice.
METHODS: After Panc-1 cells were treated with different doses of PD98059, cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and apoptotic cells were examined by Hoechst 33258 staining. The expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in tumors in Panc-1-xenografted nude mice was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: PD98059 suppressed the proliferation of pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Compared with control cells, the absorbance at 490 nm (A490) was significantly lower (0.391 ± 0.029 vs 0.994 ± 0.057, P < 0.05) and the apoptosis rate was significantly higher (11.77% ± 1.33% vs 1.13% ± 0.19%, P < 0.05) in Panc-1 cells treated with 50 μmol/L PD98059 for 96 h. However, no significant difference was noted in the apoptosis rate between Panc-1 cells treated with 20 μmol/L PD98059 and control cells. PD98059 could restrain the expression of P-ERK1/2 proteins in tumors in Panc-1-xenografted nude mice, and the maximum inhibition was achieved with 50 μmol/L PD98059.
CONCLUSION: The MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway may play an important role in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.
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