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Liu D, Qu Y, Cao ZN, Jia HM. Rno_circ_0005139 regulates apoptosis by targeting Wnt5a in rat anorectal malformations. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4272-4287. [PMID: 32848333 PMCID: PMC7422537 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i29.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms underlying anorectal malformations (ARM) are not fully established. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are new born non-coding RNAs, and their role in ARM is unclear. We assumed that rno_circ_0005139 influences apoptosis and proliferation by acting as a miR-324-3p sponge, and downregulating Wnt5a in ARM.
AIM To identify the differential expression of circRNAs and mRNAs in a rat ARM model.
METHODS Sixty-six pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: ARM group (2-imidazolidinethione-induced) and control groups. Embryos were harvested by cesarean delivery, and anorectal tissue was taken on embryonic days 16 (E16), 17 (E17), 19 (E19), and 21 (E21). RNA sequencing and gene microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed circRNAs and mRNAs in the ARM in a rat model. We selected 6 circRNAs and 3 mRNAs in the Wnt signal pathway from the result of the RNA sequencing and gene microarray analysis, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate their tissue expression. According to bioinformatics prediction, rno_circ_0005139 acted as a miR-324-3p sponge to regulate the expression of Wnt5a. We chose rno_circ_0005139 and Wnt5a as the final candidates. We tested the function of rno_circ_0005139 and the binding sites between rno_circ_0005139 and miR-324-3p, miR-324-3p and Wnt5a by luciferase assays. Co-transfection of rno_circ_0005139 and miR-324-3p was to verify their functional consistency.
RESULTS We identified 38 upregulated and 42 downregulated circRNAs on E17 (P < 0.05), and 301 mRNAs were upregulated and 256 downregulated in the ARM on E17 (P < 0.05, fold-change > 2.0). We found that rno_circ_0006880 and rno_circ_0011386 were upregulated, whereas rno_circ_0000436, rno_circ_0005139, rno_circ_0009285, rno_circ_0014367, Wnt5a, Wnt10b, and Wnt2b were downregulated in ARM tissues. According to bioinformatics prediction, rno_circ_0005139 acted as a miR-324-3p sponge to regulate the expression of Wnt5a. We chose rno_circ_0005139 and Wnt5a as the final candidates. Because the role and molecular mechanism of rno_circ_0005139 are poorly understood, its effect on apoptosis and proliferation was investigated by in vitro plasmid transfection. A luciferase experiment showed that rno_circ_0005139 could bind with miR-324-3p, which negatively regulated Wnt5a expression. The expression of miR-324-3p was significantly higher in ARM anorectal tissues than that in control group on E17 and E19; Wnt5a expression showed the opposite trend. In addition, a miR-324-3p inhibitor attenuated the effects of rno_circ_0005139 knockdown on ARM development.
CONCLUSION Rno_circ_0005139 influences cell proliferation and apoptosis by acting as a miR-324-3p sponge, thereby downregulating Wnt5a in ARM. Accordingly, rno_circ_0005139, miR-324-3p, and Wnt5a could be targeted therapeutic factors for ARM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zheng-Nong Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui-Min Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Long C, Xiao Y, Li S, Tang X, Yuan Z, Bai Y. Involvement of proliferative and apoptotic factors in the development of hindgut in rat fetuses with ethylenethiourea-induced anorectal malformations. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151466. [PMID: 31787253 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are common congenital malformations of the terminal digestive tract, but little is known regarding their pathogenesis. Aberrant cell proliferation/apoptosis are believed to be involved in ARMs. However, there are no studies on proliferation/apoptosis-related genes. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal expression patterns of two proliferation/apoptosis-related genes (MYC proto-oncogene and tumor protein p53) and explore their potential functions in the hindguts of ethylene thiourea-induced ARMs rat fetuses. METHODS MYC and p53 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and p53 costaining were performed to assay the colocalization of apoptotic and p53-expressing cells. RESULTS Rat fetuses with ARMs displayed fusion failure of the urogenital septum and cloacal membrane. In the control group, MYC was persistently expressed from gestational day (GD)14 to GD16 and distributed throughout the hindgut, while p53 was weakly detected in the terminal segment of the urethra and hindgut; in the ARMs group, MYC expression was obviously reduced, while p53 was widely and highly expressed in the urethra and hindgut. Western blotting and RT-qPCR confirmed the decrease in MYC and increase in p53 expression in ARMs. TUNEL and p53 co-staining revealed considerable overlap between apoptotic and p53-expressing cells. CONCLUSION The expression patterns of c-myc and p53 were disrupted in ARMs rat embryos, and the downregulation of c-myc and upregulation of p53 might be related to the development of ARMs at the key time points of ARMs morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Long
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Yunxia Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Siying Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Yuzuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China.
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Qu Y, Liu D, Jia H, Yang Z. Circular RNA rno_circ_0004002 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition through targeting miR‐342‐5p and Wnt3a in anorectal malformations. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15483-15493. [PMID: 31074015 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Huimin Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning China
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Ye Z, Xu J, Feng X, Jia Y, Fu Z, Hong Y, Li H, Lu K, Lin J, Song M, Wang L, Yuan C. Spatiotemporal expression pattern of Sjfz7 and its expression comparison with other frizzled family genes in developmental stages of Schistosoma japonicum. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 32:44-52. [PMID: 30851426 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wnts are secreted signaling molecules that are implicated in a variety of growth-related processes. Frizzled proteins have been identified as receptors for Wnt ligands in vertebrates and invertebrates, but a functional role for dioecious flatworm Frizzleds has not been determined. To evaluate the endogenous role of Frizzled proteins during development, we have identified and characterized a Schistosoma japonicum frizzled gene (Sjfz7). We found that Sjfz7 encodes a 698 amino acid protein with typical characteristics of Frizzled proteins. The immunohistochemical localization pattern showed that Sjfz7 protein was extensively distributed in almost all tissues of S. japonicum, including subtegumental muscle cells, parenchymal cells, intestinal epithelial cells and male and female germ cells. This indicated that Sjfz7-mediated Wnt signaling might be associated with the development of musculature, intestinal tract and reproductive organs in schistosome. Comparing mRNA levels between frizzled family members showed that Sjfz7 mRNA was consistently higher in the developmental stages analyzed, suggesting that Sjfz7 may be responsible for more functional tasks than other frizzled family members. Comparing frizzled mRNA levels between not fully developed and normal worms suggested that Wnt signaling might be abnormal in not fully developed worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxue Ye
- Northeast Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingxiu Xu
- Northeast Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xingang Feng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yingying Jia
- Jilin Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingxin Song
- Northeast Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chunxiu Yuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Spatiotemporal expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 in the development of anorectal malformations in fetal rats. J Mol Histol 2017; 48:379-387. [PMID: 28975535 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the expression patterns of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (Pcsk5) during anorectal development in normal and anorectal malformations (ARM) rat embryos, determine the possible role of Pcsk5 in the pathogenesis of ARM. An ARM rat model was developed by the administration of ethylenethiourea gestational day 10 (GD10). Embryos were harvested by surgical excision from GD13 to GD16, and the spatiotemporal expression of Pcsk5 was evaluated, using immunohistochemistry staining, Western blotting and real time RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry staining in normal embryos revealed that Pcsk5 was abundantly expressed on the epithelium of the cloaca (CL) on GD13. On GD14 and GD15, positive cells were noted on the urorectal septum and the thin anal membrane. However, the epithelium of the CL of ARM embryos only faintly expressed Pcsk5 from GD13 to GD15. Western blotting and real time RT-PCR showed time-dependent increase of Pcsk5 expression in the developing hindgut. Pcsk5 expression levels were lower in the ARM group from GD14 to GD16 (p ≤ 0.05). These results indicate that downregulation of Pcsk5 during cloaca development into the rectum and urethra might be related to the formation of ARMs.
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Geng Y, Mi J, Gao H, Jia H, Wang W. Spatiotemporal expression of Wnt3a during striated muscle complex development in rat embryos with ethylenethiourea-induced anorectal malformations. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1601-1606. [PMID: 28260053 PMCID: PMC5364994 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous patients with anorectal malformations (ARMs) continue to experience fecal incontinence and constipation following surgical procedures. One of the most important factors that influences defecation is the striated muscle complex (SMC). Wnt signaling regulates the expression of myogenic regulatory factors, which serve an important role in muscle development. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the expression pattern of Wnt3a protein (by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis) and mRNA [by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)] in the SMC of ARM model rats that were exposed to ethylenethiourea. Immunostaining revealed that the expression of Wnt3a exhibits space- and time-dependent changes in the developing SMC of ARM model rat embryos. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that on embryonic day 17 (E17), Wnt3a-positive cells were observed in the SMC in normal embryos, and expression levels gradually increased as the rat embryos developed. Similar changes in Wnt3a protein expression were detected in ARM model rat embryos; however, the expression of Wnt3a was significantly reduced compared with the normal rat embryos. Western blotting and RT-qPCR also revealed lower expression levels of Wnt3a protein and mRNA, respectively, in the SMC of ARMs model rat embryos compared with normal rat embryos. These data revealed that the expression of Wnt3a in ARM embryos was notably reduced, indicating a potential role for Wnt3a in the maldevelopment of the SMC in patients with ARMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Geng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hong Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Chin AM, Hill DR, Aurora M, Spence JR. Morphogenesis and maturation of the embryonic and postnatal intestine. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 66:81-93. [PMID: 28161556 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestine is a vital organ responsible for nutrient absorption, bile and waste excretion, and a major site of host immunity. In order to keep up with daily demands, the intestine has evolved a mechanism to expand the absorptive surface area by undergoing a morphogenetic process to generate finger-like units called villi. These villi house specialized cell types critical for both absorbing nutrients from food, and for protecting the host from commensal and pathogenic microbes present in the adult gut. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms that coordinate intestinal development, growth, and maturation of the small intestine, starting from the formation of the early gut tube, through villus morphogenesis and into early postnatal life when the intestine must adapt to the acquisition of nutrients through food intake, and to interactions with microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M Chin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David R Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Megan Aurora
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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