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Wang R, Huang H, Yu C, Li X, Wang Y, Xie L. Current status and future directions for the development of human papillomavirus vaccines. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362770. [PMID: 38983849 PMCID: PMC11231394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines has made substantive progress, as represented by the approval of five prophylactic vaccines since 2006. Generally, the deployment of prophylactic HPV vaccines is effective in preventing newly acquired infections and incidences of HPV-related malignancies. However, there is still a long way to go regarding the prevention of all HPV infections and the eradication of established HPV infections, as well as the subsequent progression to cancer. Optimizing prophylactic HPV vaccines by incorporating L1 proteins from more HPV subtypes, exploring adjuvants that reinforce cellular immune responses to eradicate HPV-infected cells, and developing therapeutic HPV vaccines used either alone or in combination with other cancer therapeutic modalities might bring about a new era getting closer to the vision to get rid of HPV infection and related diseases. Herein, we summarize strategies for the development of HPV vaccines, both prophylactic and therapeutic, with an emphasis on the selection of antigens and adjuvants, as well as implications for vaccine efficacy based on preclinical studies and clinical trials. Additionally, we outline current cutting-edge insights on formulation strategies, dosing schedules, and age expansion among HPV vaccine recipients, which might play important roles in addressing barriers to vaccine uptake, such as vaccine hesitancy and vaccine availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hongpeng Huang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chulin Yu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Liangzhi Xie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, China
- Cell Culture Engineering Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Molimard C, L’Huillier V, Overs A, Soret C, Algros MP, Mougin C, Guenat D, Mauvais O, Prétet JL. Human papillomavirus DNA and p16 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in young French patients. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211022534. [PMID: 34232797 PMCID: PMC8267044 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211022534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is currently increasing worldwide. We evaluated the prevalence of HPV DNA and p16 expression in HNSCC patients age <45 years compared with patients aged ≥45 years. METHODS Thirty-nine patients aged <45 years who presented at Besançon University Hospital with HNSCC since 2005 were included in this retrospective study. HPV DNA was detected by HPV genotyping and p16 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry using paraffin-embedded tissues. A matched-group of 38 patients aged ≥45 years from Besançon University Hospital was included. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 11.7%. HPV16 was the only genotype detected in 4/39 and 5/38 patients, and p16 was expressed in 6/39 and 4/38 patients aged <45 years and ≥45 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HPV-positivity and p16 expression were similar in both age groups. The results suggest that p16 immunohistochemistry may provide a prognosis biomarker for all HNSCCs, not only oropharyngeal cancers, and this should be addressed in large clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Molimard
- Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | - Alexis Overs
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christine Soret
- Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Marie-Paule Algros
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christiane Mougin
- Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - David Guenat
- Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
- EA3181, UFC, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABEX-0021, Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Mauvais
- Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Prétet
- Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
- EA3181, UFC, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABEX-0021, Besançon, France
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Zhang T, Chen X, Liu H, Bao Q, Wang Z, Liao G, Xu X. A rationally designed flagellin-L2 fusion protein induced serum and mucosal neutralizing antibodies against multiple HPV types. Vaccine 2019; 37:4022-4030. [PMID: 31213378 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The amino terminus of human papillomavirus (HPV) minor capsid protein L2 harbors several conserved neutralizing epitopes, including aa.17-36 (RG-1 epitope) and aa.65-85 consensus epitope (cL2 epitope), which are considered to be promising for the construction of cost-effective pan-HPV vaccine candidates. However, the immunogenicity of L2 epitope/peptide is rather weak, and the neutralizing spectrum induced by single type of L2 antigen is suboptimal. In this study, we constructed L2 concatemer with HPV18/33/58/59 RG-1 epitopes and 16L2 aa.11-88 peptide, and fused it with flagellin, a strong systemic and mucosal adjuvant, by hypervariable region replacement. A copy of cL2 epitope was also introduced to the C-terminus of the recombinant protein. The resultant Fla-5PcL2 protein can be produced in E. coli expression system with high yield and good stability. We assessed the immunogenicity of Fla-5PcL2 in mouse model via systemic and mucosal route, and found that subcutaneous immunization with Fla-5PcL2 induced robust serum neutralizing antibodies against divergent HPV types, while intranasal immunization with Fla-5PcL2 induced remarkable L2-specific IgA and cross-neutralizing antibodies in mucosal secretions, and medium titers of cross-neutralizing antibodies in sera. Moreover, Fla-5PcL2 induced full protection against vaginal HPV challenges. As mucosal antibodies provide the first-line defense at infection sites, and needle-free immunizations may increase vaccine compliance and require less public health resources, our results demonstrate that Fla-5PcL2 is a promising vaccine candidate which possibly meet the need in low-resource regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qifeng Bao
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyang Liao
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Zhang X, Wang K, Lin Q, Zheng M, Li Q, Li T, Hong Q, Zheng Q, Yu H, Gu Y, Li S, Xia N. A shared N-terminal hydrophobic tail for the formation of nanoparticulates. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2289-303. [PMID: 27499052 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Nanoparticulate design is important for the production of nanotechnological materials and passive immunogens. Using lessons from our hepatitis E vaccine, we herein design protein-based nanoparticles through incorporation of an N-terminal hydrophobic tail (NHT, located on HEV ORF2 aa368-460). MATERIALS & METHODS Flu HA1, HIV gp41/gp120/p24, HBsAg and HPV16 L2 were fused with NHT, expressed in Escherichia coli and subjected to self-assembly in vitro. Nanosized particles were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography and negative electron microscopy. Immunogenicity was assessed in mice. RESULTS All the NHT-fused proteins spontaneously formed nanoparticulates and presented with immunogenicity approximately 2-log over their nonassembling forms. CONCLUSION Protein self-assembly provides an attractive means to create nanosized particles that bear specific antigens. Our strategy outlines a novel and shared method for the design of immunogenic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaihang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingshan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Minghua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiyang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingbing Zheng
- National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hai Yu
- National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology & Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,National Institute of Diagnostics & Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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