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Hao K, Ullah H, Jarwar AR, Nong X, Tu X, Zhang Z. Functional identification of an FMRFamide-related peptide gene on diapause induction of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. Genomics 2019; 112:1821-1828. [PMID: 31669703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) are a type of neuropeptide, which participate in a variety of physiological processes in insects. Previous study showed that myosuppressin, being a member of FaRPs, initiated pupal diapause in Mamestra brassicae. We presumed that FaRPs genes might play a critical role in photoperiodic diapause induction of L. migratoria. To verify our hypothesis, flrf, a precursor gene of FaRP from L. migratoria, was initially cloned under long and short photoperiods that encoded by flrf gene identified from central nervous system (CNS). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the protein encoded by L. migratoria flrf gene, clustered together with Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) with 100% bootstrap support, was basically an FMRFamide precursor homologue. We noticed the availability of -RFamide peptides (GSERNFLRFa, DRNFIRFa) under short photoperiod only, which suggested their functions related to photoperiodic diapause induction. RNAi and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results further confirmed that the flrf gene promoted locust's diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Anbar, 23561 Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Raza Jarwar
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqun Nong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbing Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zehua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Hao K, Tu X, Ullah H, McNeill MR, Zhang Z. Novel Lom-dh Genes Play Potential Role in Promoting Egg Diapause of Locusta migratoria L. Front Physiol 2019; 10:767. [PMID: 31275172 PMCID: PMC6591537 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diapause hormone (DH) neuropeptides in insects are produced by the genes belonging to pban/capa family. Previous studies show that DH contains a conserved sequence of WFGPRXa that plays vital role in diapause regulation of some Lepidopteran species. However, the function of DH in other species is still unknown. In order to expand our understanding of DH function in diapause induction, Lom-pban, Lom-capa, and five candidates DH precursor genes (Lom-dh1, Lom-dh2, Lom-dh3, Lom-dh4, Lom-dh5) of Locusta migratoria L. were subsequently cloned. We identified Lom-dh1 to Lom-dh5 as novel genes that encoded five types (type I–V) of 44 tandem repeats of DH-like neuropeptides, which might promote egg diapause of L. migratoria. To test this hypothesis, we identified four types of eight new neuropeptides encoded by Lom-dh using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry from the central neuron system of L. migratoria under both short (10:14 L:D) and long (16:8 L:D) photoperiods. Later on, we synthesized four type I DH-like neuropeptides, LDH1, SDH1, LDH2, and SDH2, encoded by Lom-dh2/Lom-dh3 and injected them into fifth instar female locusts. Egg diapause incidences were observed after female oviposition. The four DH-like neuropeptides significantly increased the incidence of egg diapause under the short photoperiod, but the response was absent under the long photoperiod. Injection of dsLom-dh into female adults of L. migratoria under the short photoperiod could inhibit egg diapause, with no response under the long photoperiod. This study identified a new member of pban/capa family being the second example beside Bombyx mori, where the DH showed significant role on maternal induction of diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiongbing Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Zehua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Audsley N, Down RE, Isaac RE. Genomic and peptidomic analyses of the neuropeptides from the emerging pest, Drosophila suzukii. Peptides 2015; 68:33-42. [PMID: 25158078 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii is a highly polyphagous invasive pest which has been recently introduced into Europe and North America, where it is causing severe economic losses through larval infestations of stone and berry fruits. The peptidome of the selected nervous tissues of adult D. suzukii was investigated as a first step in identifying potential targets for the development of novel insecticides. Through in silico analyses of the D. suzukii genome databases 28 neuropeptide families, comprising more than 70 predicted peptides were identified. Using a combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of tissue extracts, 33 predicted peptides, representing 15 different peptide families were identified by their molecular masses and a total of 17 peptide sequences were confirmed by ion fragmentation. A comparison between the peptides and precursors of D. suzukii and D. melanogaster shows they are highly conserved, with differences only identified in the amino acid sequences of the peptides encoded in the FMRFamide, hugin and ecydysis triggering hormone precursors. All other peptides predicted and identified from D. suzukii appear to be identical to those previously characterized from D. melanogaster. Adipokinetic hormone was only identified in the corpus cardiacum, other peptides present included short neuropeptide F, a pyrokinin and myosuppressin, the latter of which was the only peptide identified from the crop nerve bundle. Peptides present in extracts of the brain and/or thoracico-abdominal ganglion included allatostatins, cardioacceleratory peptide 2b, corazonin, extended FMRFamides, pyrokinins, myoinihibitory peptides, neuropeptide-like precursor 1, SIFamide, short neuropeptide F, kinin, sulfakinins and tachykinin related peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Audsley
- The Food and Environmental Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK.
| | - Rachel E Down
- The Food and Environmental Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - R Elwyn Isaac
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Ajayi A, Withyachumnarnkul B. Presence and distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1833). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-013-0186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Rahman MM, Neupert S, Predel R. Neuropeptidomics of the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) and related Diptera. Peptides 2013; 41:31-7. [PMID: 23280433 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Insect neuropeptides are the most diverse and important group of messenger molecules that regulate almost all physiological processes, including behavior. In this study, we performed a combination of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight (ESI-Q-TOF) mass spectrometry to analyze the peptidome of the brain and the neurohemal organs of the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina and compared the data with those of related flies such as the gray flesh fly Sarcophaga (=Neobellieria) bullata; the cabbage root fly Delia radicum, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Without counting low intensity signals of truncated peptides, 45 neuropeptides arising from 12 neuropeptide genes (adipokinetic hormone, CAPA-peptides, corazonin, extended FMRFamides, SIFamide, insect kinin, short neuropeptide F, NPLP-1 peptides, HUGIN-pyrokinin, sulfakinins, allatostatins A, putative eclosion hormone precursor peptide) were identified; sequences of extended FMRFamides were reported in a separate publication. The remarkable similarity of the peptidome of cyclorraphan flies, which contain a large number of ecologically important species, does not support the development of a species-specific neuropeptide-based insect pest control strategy. However, mass spectrometric approaches as shown here do not cover the entire peptidome or differences at the receptor level and it is possible that group-specific peptide ligands or receptors exist that escaped the detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mazibur Rahman
- Department of General Zoology and Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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Zoephel J, Reiher W, Rexer KH, Kahnt J, Wegener C. Peptidomics of the agriculturally damaging larval stage of the cabbage root fly Delia radicum (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). PLoS One 2012; 7:e41543. [PMID: 22848525 PMCID: PMC3405134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The larvae of the cabbage root fly induce serious damage to cultivated crops of the family Brassicaceae. We here report the biochemical characterisation of neuropeptides from the central nervous system and neurohemal organs, as well as regulatory peptides from enteroendocrine midgut cells of the cabbage maggot. By LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF and chemical labelling with 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate, 38 peptides could be identified, representing major insect peptide families: allatostatin A, allatostatin C, FMRFamide-like peptides, kinin, CAPA peptides, pyrokinins, sNPF, myosuppressin, corazonin, SIFamide, sulfakinins, tachykinins, NPLP1-peptides, adipokinetic hormone and CCHamide 1. We also report a new peptide (Yamide) which appears to be homolog to an amidated eclosion hormone-associated peptide in several Drosophila species. Immunocytochemical characterisation of the distribution of several classes of peptide-immunoreactive neurons and enteroendocrine cells shows a very similar but not identical peptide distribution to Drosophila. Since peptides regulate many vital physiological and behavioural processes such as moulting or feeding, our data may initiate the pharmacological testing and development of new specific peptide-based protection methods against the cabbage root fly and its larva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Zoephel
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wencke Reiher
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Rexer
- Department of Biology, Mycology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kahnt
- Max-Planck-Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wegener
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Predel R, Neupert S, Huetteroth W, Kahnt J, Waidelich D, Roth S. Peptidomics-Based Phylogeny and Biogeography of Mantophasmatodea (Hexapoda). Syst Biol 2012; 61:609-29. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/sys003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Predel
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Neupert
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolf Huetteroth
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kahnt
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Roth
- The Natural History Collections, University Museum of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
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Spit J, Badisco L, Verlinden H, Van Wielendaele P, Zels S, Dillen S, Vanden Broeck J. Peptidergic control of food intake and digestion in insects 1This review is part of a virtual symposium on recent advances in understanding a variety of complex regulatory processes in insect physiology and endocrinology, including development, metabolism, cold hardiness, food intake and digestion, and diuresis, through the use of omics technologies in the postgenomic era. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z2012-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Like all heterotrophic organisms, insects require a strict control of food intake and efficient digestion of food into nutrients to maintain homeostasis and to fulfill physiological tasks. Feeding and digestion are steered by both external and internal signals that are transduced by a multitude of regulatory factors, delivered either by neurons innervating the gut or mouthparts, or by midgut endocrine cells. The present review gives an overview of peptide regulators known to control feeding and digestion in insects. We describe the discovery and functional role in these processes for insect allatoregulatory peptides, diuretic hormones, FMRFamide-related peptides, (short) neuropeptide F, proctolin, saliva production stimulating peptides, kinins, and tachykinins. These peptides control either gut myoactivity, food intake, and (or) release of digestive enzymes. Some peptides exert their action at multiple levels, possibly having a biological function that depends on their site of delivery. Many regulatory peptides have been physically extracted from different insect species. However, multiple peptidomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and genome sequencing projects have led to increased discovery and prediction of peptide (precursor) and receptor sequences. In combination with physiological experiments, these large-scale projects have already led to important steps forward in unraveling the physiology of feeding and digestion in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Spit
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L. Badisco
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H. Verlinden
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P. Van Wielendaele
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Zels
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Dillen
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Vanden Broeck
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Caers J, Verlinden H, Zels S, Vandersmissen HP, Vuerinckx K, Schoofs L. More than two decades of research on insect neuropeptide GPCRs: an overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:151. [PMID: 23226142 PMCID: PMC3510462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the state of the art on neuropeptide receptors in insects. Most of these receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are involved in the regulation of virtually all physiological processes during an insect's life. More than 20 years ago a milestone in invertebrate endocrinology was achieved with the characterization of the first insect neuropeptide receptor, i.e., the Drosophila tachykinin-like receptor. However, it took until the release of the Drosophila genome in 2000 that research on neuropeptide receptors boosted. In the last decade a plethora of genomic information of other insect species also became available, leading to a better insight in the functions and evolution of the neuropeptide signaling systems and their intracellular pathways. It became clear that some of these systems are conserved among all insect species, indicating that they fulfill crucial roles in their physiological processes. Meanwhile, other signaling systems seem to be lost in several insect orders or species, suggesting that their actions were superfluous in those insects, or that other neuropeptides have taken over their functions. It is striking that the deorphanization of neuropeptide GPCRs gets much attention, but the subsequent unraveling of the intracellular pathways they elicit, or their physiological functions are often hardly examined. Especially in insects besides Drosophila this information is scarce if not absent. And although great progress made in characterizing neuropeptide signaling systems, even in Drosophila several predicted neuropeptide receptors remain orphan, awaiting for their endogenous ligand to be determined. The present review gives a précis of the insect neuropeptide receptor research of the last two decades. But it has to be emphasized that the work done so far is only the tip of the iceberg and our comprehensive understanding of these important signaling systems will still increase substantially in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liliane Schoofs
- *Correspondence: Liliane Schoofs, Department of Biology, Research Group of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Naamsestraat 59, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. e-mail:
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Coast GM, Schooley DA. Toward a consensus nomenclature for insect neuropeptides and peptide hormones. Peptides 2011; 32:620-31. [PMID: 21093513 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nomenclature currently in use for insect neuropeptide and peptide hormone families is reviewed and suggestions are made as to how it can be rationalized. Based upon this review, a number of conventions are advanced as a guide to a more rationale nomenclature. The scheme that is put forward builds upon the binomial nomenclature scheme proposed by Raina and Gäde in 1988, when just over 20 insect neuropeptides had been identified. Known neuropeptides and peptide hormones are assigned to 32 structurally distinct families, frequently with overlapping functions. The names given to these families are those that are currently in use, and describe a biological function, homology to known invertebrate/vertebrate peptides, or a conserved structural motif. Interspecific isoforms are identified using a five-letter code to indicate genus and species names, and intraspecific isoforms are identified by Roman or Arabic numerals, with the latter used to signify the order in which sequences are encoded on a prepropeptide. The proposed scheme is sufficiently flexible to allow the incorporation of novel peptides, and could be extended to other arthropods and non-arthropod invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Coast
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Birkbeck (University of London), Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
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Audsley N, Matthews HJ, Down RE, Weaver RJ. Neuropeptides associated with the central nervous system of the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum (L). Peptides 2011; 32:434-40. [PMID: 20869420 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The peptidome of the central nervous system of adult cabbage root fly, Delia radicum (L) was investigated using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Over twenty neuropeptides were identified from three different tissue sources, the combined brain/suboesophageal ganglion (SOG), the retrocerebral complex, and the thoracic-abdominal ganglion (TAG). A number of peptides were identified in all three tissues, including allatostatins, short neuropeptide F-like peptides, corazonin, a pyrokinin, and a myosuppressin. Adipokinetic hormone was restricted to the retrocerebral complex. Other peptides, including FMRFamides and sulfakinins were detected only in the brain/SOG and TAG. Some peptides, notably myoinhibitory peptides and tachykinins, which have been identified in other fly species, were not detected in any tissue sample. This study has structurally characterized for the first time, the neuropeptides from adult D. radicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Audsley
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK.
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Walker RJ, Papaioannou S, Holden-Dye L. A review of FMRFamide- and RFamide-like peptides in metazoa. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2010; 9:111-53. [PMID: 20191373 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-010-0097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are a diverse class of signalling molecules that are widely employed as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in animals, both invertebrate and vertebrate. However, despite their fundamental importance to animal physiology and behaviour, they are much less well understood than the small molecule neurotransmitters. The neuropeptides are classified into families according to similarities in their peptide sequence; and on this basis, the FMRFamide and RFamide-like peptides, first discovered in molluscs, are an example of a family that is conserved throughout the animal phyla. In this review, the literature on these neuropeptides has been consolidated with a particular emphasis on allowing a comparison between data sets in phyla as diverse as coelenterates and mammals. The intention is that this focus on the structure and functional aspects of FMRFamide and RFamide-like neuropeptides will inform understanding of conserved principles and distinct properties of signalling across the animal phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Roth S, Fromm B, Gäde G, Predel R. A proteomic approach for studying insect phylogeny: CAPA peptides of ancient insect taxa (Dictyoptera, Blattoptera) as a test case. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:50. [PMID: 19257902 PMCID: PMC2667406 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropeptide ligands have to fit exactly into their respective receptors and thus the evolution of the coding regions of their genes is constrained and may be strongly conserved. As such, they may be suitable for the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships within higher taxa. CAPA peptides of major lineages of cockroaches (Blaberidae, Blattellidae, Blattidae, Polyphagidae, Cryptocercidae) and of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis were chosen to test the above hypothesis. The phylogenetic relationships within various groups of the taxon Dictyoptera (praying mantids, termites and cockroaches) are still highly disputed. Results Tandem mass spectrometry of neuropeptides from perisympathetic organs was used to obtain sequence data of CAPA peptides from single specimens; the data were analysed by Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Interference. The resulting cladograms, taking 61 species into account, show a topology which is in general agreement with recent molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses, including the recent phylogenetic arrangement placing termites within the cockroaches. When sequence data sets from other neuropeptides, viz. adipokinetic hormones and sulfakinins, were included, the general topology of the cladogram did not change but bootstrap values increased considerably. Conclusion This study represents the first comprehensive survey of neuropeptides of insects for solely phylogenetic purposes and concludes that sequences of short neuropeptides are suitable to complement molecular biological and morphological data for the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Roth
- Institute of Zoology, University of Jena, Erbertstrasse, Germany.
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