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Feng K, Su J, Sun L, Guo Y, Peng X. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of thyroid hormone receptors in protogynous rice field eel, Monopterus albus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:845-855. [PMID: 38855856 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play important roles in growth, development, morphogenesis, reproduction, and so on. They are mainly meditated by binding to thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in vertebrates. As important members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, TRs and their ligands are involved in many biological processes. To investigate the potential roles of TRs in the gonadal differentiation and sex change, we cloned and characterized the TRs genes in protogynous rice field eel (Monopterus albus). In this study, three types of TRs were obtained, which were TRαA, TRαB and TRβ, encoding preproproteins of 336-, 409- and 415-amino acids, respectively. Multiple alignments of the three putative TRs protein sequences showed they had a higher similarity. Tissue expression analysis showed that TRαA mainly expressed in the gonad, while TRαB and TRβ in the brain. During female-to-male sex reversal, the expression levels of all the three TRs showed a similar trend of increase followed by a decrease in the gonad. Intraperitoneal injection of triiodothyronine (T3) stimulated the expression of TRαA and TRαB, while it had no significant change on the expression of TRβ in the ovary. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) injection also significantly upregulated the expression levels of TRαA and TRαB after 6 h, while it had no significant effect on TRβ. These results demonstrated that TRs were involved in the gonadal differentiation and sex reversal, and TRα may play more important roles than TRβ in reproduction by the regulation of GnRHa in rice field eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialin Su
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiwen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Lazcano I, Orozco A. Revisiting available knowledge on teleostean thyroid hormone receptors. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 265:128-132. [PMID: 29574147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Teleosts are the most numerous class of living vertebrates. They exhibit great diversity in terms of morphology, developmental strategies, ecology and adaptation. In spite of this diversity, teleosts conserve similarities at molecular, cellular and endocrine levels. In the context of thyroidal systems, and as in the rest of vertebrates, thyroid hormones in fish regulate development, growth and metabolism by actively entering the nucleus and interacting with thyroid hormone receptors, the final sensors of this endocrine signal, to regulate gene expression. In general terms, vertebrates express the functional thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta, encoded by two distinct genes (thra and thrb, respectively). However, different species of teleosts express thyroid hormone receptor isoforms with particular structural characteristics that confer singular functional traits to these receptors. For example, teleosts contain two thra genes and in some species also two thrb; some of the expressed isoforms can bind alternative ligands. Also, some identified isoforms contain deletions or large insertions that have not been described in other vertebrates and that have not yet been functionally characterized. As in amphibians, the regulation of some of these teleost isoforms coincides with the climax of metamorphosis and/or life transitions during development and growth. In this review, we aimed to gain further insights into thyroid signaling from a comparative perspective by proposing a systematic nomenclature for teleost thyroid hormone receptor isoforms and summarize their particular functional features when the information was available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Lazcano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Aurea Orozco
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
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Wang H, Zhang X, Liu Q, Liu X, Ding S. Selection and evaluation of new reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Epinephelus akaara based on transcriptome data. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171646. [PMID: 28182746 PMCID: PMC5300273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Groupers are an economically important fish species in world fishery markets. Because many studies using RT-qPCR have addressed gene expression in groupers, appropriate reference genes are required to obtain reliable and accurate results. In this study, the most suitable reference genes were identified from eleven candidate genes of one of the most valuable species, Epinephelus akaara, in a range of different experimental conditions. Using the software packages geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and refFinder, three traditionally used reference genes, β-actin (β-ACT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), were identified as not suitable for E. akaara gene expression studies, whereas two newly identified reference genes, conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 5 (Cog5) and brefeldin a-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 (ARFGEF1), could be universally applied under all the tested conditions. These data provide the foundation for more precise results in RT-qPCR studies of gene expression in E. akaara and other Epinephelus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoxiong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
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Quesada-García A, Valdehita A, Kropf C, Casanova-Nakayama A, Segner H, Navas JM. Thyroid signaling in immune organs and cells of the teleost fish rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:166-174. [PMID: 24657316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are involved in modulating the immune system in mammals. In contrast, there is no information on the role played by these hormones in the immune system of teleost fish. Here we provide initial evidence for the presence of active thyroid signaling in immune organs and cells of teleosts. We demonstrate that immune organs (head kidney and spleen) and isolated leukocytes (from head kidney and peripheral blood) of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) express both thyroid receptor α (THRA) and β (THRB). Absolute mRNA levels of THRA were significantly higher than those of THRB. THRA showed higher expression in immune organs and isolated immune cells compared to the reference organ, liver, while THRB showed the opposite. In vivo exposure of trout to triiodothryronine (T3) or the anti-thyroid agent propylthiouracil (PTU) altered THR expression in immune organs and cells. Effect of T3 and PTU over the relative expression of selected marker genes of immune cell subpopulations was also studied. Treatments changed the relative expression of markers of cytotoxic, helper and total T cells (cd4, cd8a, trb), B lymphocytes (mIgM) and macrophages (csf1r). These findings suggest that the immune system of rainbow trout is responsive to thyroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Quesada-García
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Valdehita
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Kropf
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - H Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - J M Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
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Molecular cloning and mRNA tissue expression of thyroid hormone receptors in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Javelin goby Synechogobius hasta. Gene 2014; 536:232-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Raine JC, Hawryshyn CW. Changes in thyroid hormone reception precede SWS1 opsin downregulation in trout retina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 212:2781-8. [PMID: 19684211 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.030866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rainbow trout undergo natural cone degeneration and thus are interesting models for examining mechanisms of neural degeneration. They have ultraviolet-sensitive (UVS) cones that are lost over most of the retina during development; only a small functional population remains in the dorsal retina. How this spatial distribution of UVS cones is maintained is unclear. Thyroxine (T4) induces UVS cone loss, and local thyroid hormone regulation was hypothesized to control UVS cone distribution. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRalpha), thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRbeta) and Type 2 deiodinase (D2) regulate thyroid hormone exposure to target cells. Regional retinal expression of these genes was investigated during exogenous T4 treatment and natural smoltification of rainbow trout. Each retina from dark-adapted parr, T4-treated parr and natural smolts was divided into four quadrants, and total RNA was isolated. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that all retinal quadrants had increased accumulation of TRbeta transcripts 2 days post-T4 treatment, corresponding to initiation of SWS1 opsin downregulation. Smolts exhibited decreased accumulation of TRalpha and TRbeta transcripts in all quadrants, but this effect was most pronounced in the dorso-temporal (DT) retinal quadrant where UVS cones persist. By contrast, in 2 day T4-treated parr, the DT quadrant showed increased expression of TRalpha and TRbeta. Furthermore, D2 transcripts decreased in the DT quadrant of T4-treated parr but increased in the DT quadrant of smolts. These results suggest that T4 upregulates TRbeta expression to initiate SWS1 opsin downregulation, while TRalpha and TRbeta downregulation occurs to prevent natural loss of UVS cones from the DT retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Raine
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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Chapter 6 Regulation And Contribution Of The Corticotropic, Melanotropic And Thyrotropic Axes To The Stress Response In Fishes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(09)28006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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