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Pinto CL, Markey K, Dix D, Browne P. Identification of candidate reference chemicals for in vitro steroidogenesis assays. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:103-119. [PMID: 29146384 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) is transitioning from traditional testing methods to integrating ToxCast/Tox21 in vitro high-throughput screening assays for identifying chemicals with endocrine bioactivity. The ToxCast high-throughput H295R steroidogenesis assay may potentially replace the low-throughput assays currently used in the EDSP Tier 1 battery to detect chemicals that alter the synthesis of androgens and estrogens. Herein, we describe an approach for identifying in vitro candidate reference chemicals that affect the production of androgens and estrogens in models of steroidogenesis. Candidate reference chemicals were identified from a review of H295R and gonad-derived in vitro assays used in methods validation and published in the scientific literature. A total of 29 chemicals affecting androgen and estrogen levels satisfied all criteria for positive reference chemicals, while an additional set of 21 and 15 chemicals partially fulfilled criteria for positive reference chemicals for androgens and estrogens, respectively. The identified chemicals included pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial and naturally-occurring chemicals with the capability to increase or decrease the levels of the sex hormones in vitro. Additionally, 14 and 15 compounds were identified as potential negative reference chemicals for effects on androgens and estrogens, respectively. These candidate reference chemicals will be informative for performance-based validation of in vitro steroidogenesis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lucia Pinto
- U.S. EPA, Office of Science Coordination and Policy, Washington, D.C. 20004, United States; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0117, United States.
| | - Kristan Markey
- U.S. EPA, Office of Science Coordination and Policy, Washington, D.C. 20004, United States
| | - David Dix
- U.S. EPA, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Washington, D.C. 20004, United States
| | - Patience Browne
- U.S. EPA, Office of Science Coordination and Policy, Washington, D.C. 20004, United States
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Luo SW, Wang WN, Cai L, Qi ZH, Wang C, Liu Y, Peng CL, Chen LB. Effects of a Dissostichus mawsoni-CaM recombinant proteins feed additive on the juvenile orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) under the acute low temperature challenge. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1345-1358. [PMID: 26122279 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Dissostichus mawsoni-Calmodulin (Dm-CaM) on growth performance, enzyme activities, respiratory burst, MDA level and immune-related gene expressions of the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) exposed to the acute low temperature stress were evaluated. The commercial diet supplemented with Dm-CaM protein was fed to the groupers for 6 weeks. No significant difference was observed in the specific growth rates, weight gains and survivals. After the feeding trial, the groupers were exposed to acute low temperature challenge. The groupers fed with Dm-CaM additive diet showed a significant decrease in the respiratory burst activity, while the blood cell number increased significantly at 25 °C by comparing with the control and additive control group. The enzymatic activity of SOD, ACP and ALP increased significantly in Dm-CaM additive group, while MDA level maintained stable with the lowest value. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the up-regulated transcript expressions of CaM, C3, SOD2, LysC and HSPA4 were observed in Dm-CaM additive group. These results indicated that Dm-CaM additive diet may regulate the grouper immune response to the acute low temperature challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luo Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Hua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Lian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Biao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization, MOE, China, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
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Keller-Costa T, Hubbard PC, Paetz C, Nakamura Y, da Silva JP, Rato A, Barata EN, Schneider B, Canario AVM. Identity of a tilapia pheromone released by dominant males that primes females for reproduction. Curr Biol 2014; 24:2130-2135. [PMID: 25155507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the chemical identity and role of urinary pheromones in fish is scarce, yet it is necessary in order to understand the integration of multiple senses in adaptive responses and the evolution of chemical communication [1]. In nature, Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) males form hierarchies, and females mate preferentially with dominant territorial males, which they visit in aggregations or leks [2]. Dominant males have thicker urinary bladder muscular walls than subordinates or females and store large volumes of urine, which they release at increased frequency in the presence of subordinate males or preovulatory, but not postspawned, females [3-5]. Females exposed to dominant-male urine augment their release of the oocyte maturation-inducing steroid 17α,20β-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (17,20β-P) [6]. Here we isolate and identify a male Mozambique tilapia urinary sex pheromone as two epimeric (20α- and 20β-) pregnanetriol 3-glucuronates. We show that both males and females have high olfactory sensitivity to the two steroids, which cross-adapt upon stimulation. Females exposed to both steroids show a rapid, 10-fold increase in production of 17,20β-P. Thus, the identified urinary steroids prime the female endocrine system to accelerate oocyte maturation and possibly promote spawning synchrony. Tilapia are globally important as a food source but are also invasive species, with devastating impact on local freshwater ecosystems [7, 8]. Identifying the chemical cues that mediate reproduction may lead to the development of tools for population control [9-11].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Keller-Costa
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Peter C Hubbard
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Christian Paetz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yoko Nakamura
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - José P da Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Rato
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo N Barata
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Adelino V M Canario
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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García-López A, de Jonge H, Nóbrega RH, de Waal PP, van Dijk W, Hemrika W, Taranger GL, Bogerd J, Schulz RW. Studies in zebrafish reveal unusual cellular expression patterns of gonadotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acids in the testis and unexpected functional differentiation of the gonadotropins. Endocrinology 2010; 151:2349-60. [PMID: 20308533 PMCID: PMC2869266 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve, using the zebrafish model, our understanding of the distinct roles of pituitary gonadotropins FSH and LH in regulating testis functions in teleost fish. We report, for the first time in a vertebrate species, that zebrafish Leydig cells as well as Sertoli cells express the mRNAs for both gonadotropin receptors (fshr and lhcgr). Although Leydig cell fshr expression has been reported in other piscine species and may be a common feature of teleost fish, Sertoli cell lhcgr expression has not been reported previously and might be related to the undifferentiated gonochoristic mode of gonadal sex differentiation in zebrafish. Both recombinant zebrafish (rzf) gonadotropins (i.e. rzfLH and rzfFSH) stimulated androgen release in vitro and in vivo, with rzfFSH being significantly more potent than rzfLH. Forskolin-induced adenylate cyclase activation mimicked, whereas the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 significantly reduced, the gonadotropin-stimulated androgen release. Therefore, we conclude that both FSH receptor and LH/choriogonadotropin receptor signaling are predominantly mediated through the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway to promote steroid production. Despite this similarity, other downstream mechanisms seem to differ. For example, rzfFSH up-regulated the testicular mRNA levels of a number of steroidogenesis-related genes both in vitro and in vivo, whereas rzfLH or human chorionic gonadotropin did not. Although not fully understood at present, these differences could explain the capacity of FSH to support both steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis on a long-term basis, whereas LH-stimulated steroidogenesis might be a more acute process, possibly restricted to periods during which peak steroid levels are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel García-López
- Department of Biology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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