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Yang Y, Xu L, Lei B, Huang Y, Yu M. Effects of trichlorobisphenol A on the expression of proteins and genes associated with puberty initiation in GT1-7 cells and the relevant molecular mechanism. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114258. [PMID: 38040238 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Cl3BPA on kisspeptin-G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54)/gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (KGG) signals and analyzed the roles of estrogen receptor alpha (ERɑ) and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in regulating KGG signals. The results showed that Cl3BPA at 50 μM increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GnRH, upregulated the protein levels of kisspeptin and the expression of fshr, lhr and gnrh1 genes related to KGG in GT1-7 cells. In addition, 50 μM Cl3BPA significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2), the protein levels of GPER1 and the expression of the gper1 as well as the most target genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Erk1/2 pathways. Specific signal inhibitor experiments found that Cl3BPA activated KGG signals by activating the GPER1-mediated MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling pathway at the mRNA level. A docking test further confirmed the interactions between Cl3BPA and GPER1. The findings suggest that Cl3BPA might induce precocious puberty by increasing GnRH secretion together with KGG signaling upregulation, which is driven by GPER1-mediated signaling pathway. By comparison, ClxBPAs with fewer chlorine atoms had more obvious effects on the expression of proteins and partial genes related to KGG signals in GT1-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Lanbing Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Yaoyao Huang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Mengjie Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
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2
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Laoharatchatathanin T, Rieanrakwong D, Hatsugai Y, Terashima R, Yonezawa T, Kurusu S, Kawaminami M. Mast Cell Dynamics in the Ovary Are Governed by GnRH and Prolactin. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad144. [PMID: 37797313 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) facilitates the migration of mast cells (MCs) into the involuting mammary gland. As GnRH is also expressed in the ovary, we examined changes in ovarian MCs. MCs in the ovary were mainly in interstitial tissue and their number increased during the estrous cycle to produce 2 peaks, one at diestrus 2 (20:00 hours) and another at proestrus (17:00 hours). Laser microdissection demonstrated that GnRH mRNA is expressed throughout ovarian tissues (corpora lutea, follicles, and interstitial tissues). GnRH immunoreactivity was also ubiquitous, but MCs were the most strongly immunostained. Analysis of GnRH mRNA in the ovary showed it to fluctuate similarly to the variation in MC number during the estrous cycle, and MCs also expressed GnRH. Local administration of a GnRH agonist (GnRHa) into the hemilateral ovarian bursa increased MCs in the administered ovary. MC number and GnRH mRNA were significantly lowered in the pregnant ovary. Prolactin administration suppressed the normal peaks in MC number in the ovary at both diestrus and proestrus. By contrast, a dopamine agonist, administered when prolactin was elevated during pseudopregnancy, increased ovarian MC number. Furthermore, prolactin inhibited GnRHa-induced peritoneal MC migration in a Transwell assay. These data clearly demonstrate that ovarian MC number is regulated positively by local GnRH expression and negatively by prolactin. The suppressive effect of prolactin on GnRH and MCs would be part of its luteotrophic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titaree Laoharatchatathanin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
- Clinic for Small Domestic Animals and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Rieanrakwong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hatsugai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Ryota Terashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Shiro Kurusu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Mitsumori Kawaminami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari 794-8885, Japan
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Chaiyadet S, Sotillo J, Smout M, Cooper M, Doolan DL, Waardenberg A, Eichenberger RM, Field M, Brindley PJ, Laha T, Loukas A. Small extracellular vesicles but not microvesicles from Opisthorchis viverrini promote cell proliferation in human cholangiocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.540805. [PMID: 37292777 PMCID: PMC10245807 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.540805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with O. viverrini has been linked to the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which is a major public health burden in the Lower Mekong River Basin countries, including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. Despite its importance, the exact mechanisms by which O. viverrini promotes CCA are largely unknown. In this study, we characterized different extracellular vesicle populations released by O. viverrini (OvEVs) using proteomic and transcriptomic analyses and investigated their potential role in host-parasite interactions. While 120k OvEVs promoted cell proliferation in H69 cells at different concentrations, 15k OvEVs did not produce any effect compared to controls. The proteomic analysis of both populations showed differences in their composition that could contribute to this differential effect. Furthermore, the miRNAs present in 120k EVs were analysed and their potential interactions with human host genes was explored by computational target prediction. Different pathways involved in inflammation, immune response and apoptosis were identified as potentially targeted by the miRNAs present in this population of EVs. This is the first study showing specific roles for different EV populations in the pathogenesis of a parasitic helminth, and more importantly, an important advance towards deciphering the mechanisms used in establishment of opisthorchiasis and liver fluke infection-associated malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujittra Chaiyadet
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Smout
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Martha Cooper
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Ashley Waardenberg
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- Current affiliation: i-Synapse, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Ramon M Eichenberger
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Matt Field
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- Immunogenomics Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Alex Loukas
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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KAWAMINAMI M, TERASHIMA R, MURATA T, CHIBA S, KURUSU S. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation of annexin A5 expression in the thymus of male rats. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:638-643. [PMID: 35354698 PMCID: PMC9177390 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is expressed in the thymus, its direct action on thymic cells, including thymic involution, has been suggested. Annexin A5 (ANXA5), a biomarker of GnRH, was used to determine whether GnRH affects the thymus of male rats. Immunohistochemistry showed positive reactions for ANXA5 in large medullary epithelial cells at 30 days of age, and the expression continued until 180 days of age. Organ culture of thymus pieces was performed to examine the direct action of a GnRH agonist (GnRHa) on the expression of Anxa5 and Gnrh mRNA. Thymus tissues obtained from male rats (40–60 days old) were cut into small pieces (2–3 mm3) and incubated for 3 hr with the GnRHa. The expression levels of Anxa5 and Gnrh mRNA were augmented by the GnRHa. Immunohistochemistry of these tissue fragments showed that ANXA5 expression was enhanced, especially in medullary epithelial cells. These results revealed that GnRH synthesis in the thymus could affect thymic epithelial cells after puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsumori KAWAMINAMI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Ryota TERASHIMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Takuya MURATA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Shuichi CHIBA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| | - Shiro KURUSU
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
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Cucchiara V, Yang JC, Liu C, Adomat HH, Tomlinson Guns ES, Gleave ME, Gao AC, Evans CP. GnRH Antagonists Have Direct Inhibitory Effects On Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Via Intracrine Androgen and AR-V7 Expression. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1811-1821. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Doroszko M, Chrusciel M, Stelmaszewska J, Slezak T, Anisimowicz S, Plöckinger U, Quinkler M, Bonomi M, Wolczynski S, Huhtaniemi I, Toppari J, Rahman NA. GnRH antagonist treatment of malignant adrenocortical tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:103-117. [PMID: 30400009 PMCID: PMC6215908 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrantly expressed G protein-coupled receptors in tumors are considered as potential therapeutic targets. We analyzed the expressions of receptors of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRHR), luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LHCGR) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHR) in human adrenocortical carcinomas and assessed their response to GnRH antagonist therapy. We further studied the effects of the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate (CTX) on cultured adrenocortical tumor (ACT) cells (mouse Cα1 and Y-1, and human H295R), and in vivo in transgenic mice (SV40 T-antigen expression under inhibin α promoter) bearing Lhcgr and Gnrhr in ACT. Both models were treated with control (CT), CTX, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or CTX+hCG, and their growth and transcriptional changes were analyzed. In situ hybridization and qPCR analysis of human adrenocortical carcinomas (n = 11-13) showed expression of GNRHR in 54/73%, LHCGR in 77/100% and FSHR in 0%, respectively. CTX treatment in vitro decreased cell viability and proliferation, and increased caspase 3/7 activity in all treated cells. In vivo, CTX and CTX+hCG (but not hCG alone) decreased ACT weights and serum LH and progesterone concentrations. CTX treatment downregulated the tumor markers Lhcgr and Gata4. Upregulated genes included Grb10, Rerg, Nfatc and Gnas, all recently found to be abundantly expressed in healthy adrenal vs ACT. Our data suggest that CTX treatment may improve the therapy of human adrenocortical carcinomas by direct action on GNRHR-positive cancer cells inducing apoptosis and/or reducing gonadotropin release, directing tumor cells towards a healthy adrenal gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Stelmaszewska
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Slezak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ursula Plöckinger
- Interdisciplinary Center of Metabolism: EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Quinkler
- Endocrinology in CharlottenburgBerlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical EndocrinologyCharité Campus Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Bonomi
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community HealthUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Slawomir Wolczynski
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Surgery and CancerFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of PediatricsTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nafis A Rahman
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence should be addressed to N Rahman:
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Sun X, Liu X. Cancer metastasis: enactment of the script for human reproductive drama. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:51. [PMID: 28469531 PMCID: PMC5414196 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on compelling evidence from many biological disciplines, we put forth a hypothesis for cancer metastasis. In the hypothesis, the metastatic cascade is depicted as human reproduction in miniature. Illustrated in a reproductive light, the staggering resemblance of cancer metastasis to human reproduction becomes evident despite some ostensible dis-similarities. In parallel to the appearance of primordial germ cells during early embryogenesis, the cancer reproductive saga starts with the separation of metastasis initiating cells (MICs) from cancer initiating cells when the primary cancer is still in its infancy. Prime MICs embark on a journey to the host bone marrow where they undergo further development and regulation. Migrating MICs are guided by the same CXCR4/CYCL12 axis as used in the migration of primordial germ cells to the genital ridge. Like the ovary, the host bone marrow features immune privileges, coolness, hypoxia and acidity which are essential for stemness maintenance and regulation. Opportune activation of the MICs via fusion with bone marrow stem cells triggers a frenzy of cellular proliferation and sets them on the move again. This scenario is akin to oocyte fertilization in the Fallopian tube and its subsequent journey towards the decidum. Just as the human reproductive process is plagued with undesirable outcomes so is the cancer metastasis highly inefficient. The climax of the cancer metastatic drama (colonization) is reached when proliferating MIC clusters attempt to settle down on decidum-like premetastatic sites. Successfully colonized clusters blossom into overt macrometastases only after the execution of sophisticated immunomodulation, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Similarly, the implanted blastomere needs to orchestrate these feats before flourishing into a new life. What is more, the cancer reproductive drama seems to be directed by a primordial hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis. Pursuing this reproductive trail could lead to new frontiers and breakthroughs in cancer research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGuire Holmes Veteran Affairs Medical Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA 23249 USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan, China
| | - Xiwu Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGuire Holmes Veteran Affairs Medical Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA 23249 USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan, China
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates biliary proliferation by paracrine/autocrine mechanisms. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1061-72. [PMID: 25794706 PMCID: PMC4380841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During cholestatic liver disease, there is dysregulation in the balance between biliary growth and loss in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats modulated by neuroendocrine peptides via autocrine/paracrine pathways. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a trophic peptide hormone that modulates reproductive function and proliferation in many cell types. We evaluated the autocrine role of GnRH in the regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation. The expression of GnRH receptors was assessed in a normal mouse cholangiocyte cell line (NMC), sham, and BDL rats. The effect of GnRH administration was evaluated in normal rats and in NMC. GnRH-induced biliary proliferation was evaluated by changes in intrahepatic bile duct mass and the expression of proliferation and function markers. The expression and secretion of GnRH in NMC and isolated cholangiocytes was assessed. GnRH receptor subtypes GnRHR1 and GnRHR2 were expressed in cholangiocytes. Treatment with GnRH increased intrahepatic bile duct mass as well as proliferation and function markers in cholangiocytes. Transient knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition of GnRHR1 in NMC decreased proliferation. BDL cholangiocytes had increased expression of GnRH compared with normal rats, accompanied by increased GnRH secretion. In vivo and in vitro knockdown of GnRH decreased intrahepatic bile duct mass/cholangiocyte proliferation and fibrosis. GnRH secreted by cholangiocytes promotes biliary proliferation via an autocrine pathway. Disruption of GnRH/GnRHR signaling may be important for the management of cholestatic liver diseases.
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Sakai M, Martinez-Arguelles DB, Patterson NH, Chaurand P, Papadopoulos V. In search of the molecular mechanisms mediating the inhibitory effect of the GnRH antagonist degarelix on human prostate cell growth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120670. [PMID: 25811175 PMCID: PMC4374753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Degarelix is a gonadrotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor (GnRHR) antagonist used in patients with prostate cancer who need androgen deprivation therapy. GnRHRs have been found in extra-pituitary tissues, including prostate, which may be affected by the GnRH and GnRH analogues used in therapy. The direct effect of degarelix on human prostate cell growth was evaluated. Normal prostate myofibroblast WPMY-1 and epithelial WPE1-NA22 cells, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-1 cells, androgen-independent PC-3 and androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells, as well as VCaP cells derived from a patient with castration-resistant prostate cancer were used. Discriminatory protein and lipid fingerprints of normal, hyperplastic, and cancer cells were generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS). The investigated cell lines express GNRHR1 and GNRHR2 and their endogenous ligands. Degarelix treatment reduced cell viability in all prostate cell lines tested, with the exception of the PC-3 cells; this can be attributed to increased apoptosis, as indicated by increased caspase 3/7, 8 and 9 levels. WPE1-NA22, BPH-1, LNCaP, and VCaP cell viability was not affected by treatment with the GnRH agonists leuprolide and goserelin. Using MALDI MS, we detected changes in m/z signals that were robust enough to create a complete discriminatory profile induced by degarelix. Transcriptomic analysis of BPH-1 cells provided a global map of genes affected by degarelix and indicated that the biological processes affected were related to cell growth, G-coupled receptors, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. Taken together, these data demonstrate that (i) the GnRH antagonist degarelix exerts a direct effect on prostate cell growth through apoptosis; (ii) MALDI MS analysis provided a basis to fingerprint degarelix-treated prostate cells; and (iii) the clusters of genes affected by degarelix suggest that this compound, in addition to its known use in the treatment of prostate cancer, may be efficacious in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sakai
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel B. Martinez-Arguelles
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Chaurand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Calderón-Vallejo D, Quintanar-Stephano A, Hernández-Jasso I, Jiménez-Hernández V, Ruiz-Ornelas J, Jiménez I, Quintanar JL. Functional and structural recovery of the injured spinal cord in rats treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:455-62. [PMID: 25618391 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have extra-pituitary roles, including neurotrophic effects. This study was to evaluate the effects of GnRH treatment on the spinal cord injury (SCI) of rats. Ovariectomized rats were divided into: sham SCI surgery (Sham), SCI treated with saline solution (SCI + SS), and SCI treated with GnRH (SCI + GnRH). The SCI was induced by compression. One day after the lesion, SCI + GnRH group was injected with GnRH (60 µg/kg/twice/day; i.m.) for 15 days and the other groups with saline solution. To kinematic gait analysis, length and velocity of the stride were measured. In spinal cord, axonal morphometry and spared white and gray matter were analyzed by histochemistry. Protein expression of spinophilin was evaluated by western blot. The results showed that, 5 weeks after the injury, the group of animals treated with GnRH, significantly increased the length and velocity of the stride compared to SCI + SS group and they were similar to Sham group. In spinal cord, GnRH treatment increased the number and caliber of nerve axons and in the case of white matter, spared tissue was significantly higher than those animals treated with saline solution. The expression of spinophilin in spinal cord of SCI + GnRH group was slightly increased with respect to those not treated. In conclusion, GnRH treatment improves recovery of gait and decreases histopathological damage in the injured spinal cord of rat. These findings suggest that GnRH acts as a neurotrophic factor and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Calderón-Vallejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Depto. de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 20131, Aguascalientes, AGS, Mexico
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11
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Chianese R, Ciaramella V, Fasano S, Pierantoni R, Meccariello R. Kisspeptin drives germ cell progression in the anuran amphibian Pelophylax esculentus: a study carried out in ex vivo testes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 211:81-91. [PMID: 25452028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin, via Gpr54 receptor, regulates puberty onset in most vertebrates. Thus, the direct involvement of kisspeptin activity in testis physiology was investigated in the anuran amphibian, Pelophylax esculentus. In this vertebrate gpr54 mRNA has been localized in both interstitial compartment and spermatogonia (SPG), whereas SPG proliferation requires the cooperation between estradiol and testicular Gonadotropin releasing hormone (Gnrh). In the pre-reproductive period, dose response curve to assess the effects of Kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) was carried out in vitro (dose range: 10(-9)-10(-6)M; incubation times: 1 and 4h); proliferative activity and germ cell progression were evaluated by expression analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), estrogen receptor beta (erβ), Gnrh system (gnrh1, gnrh2, gnrhr1, r2, r3) and by the count of empty, mitotic and meiotic tubules. All selected markers were up regulated at 4h Kp-10 incubation. Histological analysis also proved the increase of mitotic activity and the progression of spermatogenesis. Besides Kp-10 modulation of testicular Gnrh system, in vitro treatment with 17β-estradiol (10(-6)M) ± the antagonist ICI182-780 (10(-5)M) revealed gnrh2 and gnrhr3 estrogen dependent expression. In the reproductive period, testes were incubated for 1 and 4h with Kp-10 (10(-7)M) or Kp-10 (10(-7)M)+kisspeptin antagonist [Kp-234 (10(-6)M)]. Results obtained in the pre-reproductive period were confirmed and Kp-234 completely counteracted Kp-10 effects. In conclusion, Kp-10 modulated the expression of pcna, erβ, gnrhs and gnrhrs, inducing the progression of the spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Chianese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Sezione "F. Bottazzi", Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Ciaramella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Sezione "F. Bottazzi", Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fasano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Sezione "F. Bottazzi", Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Pierantoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Sezione "F. Bottazzi", Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli Parthenope, Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
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Kamiya C, Ohta N, Ogura Y, Yoshida K, Horie T, Kusakabe TG, Satake H, Sasakura Y. Nonreproductive role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the control of ascidian metamorphosis. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1524-35. [PMID: 25130398 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) are neuropeptides that play central roles in the reproduction of vertebrates. In the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, GnRHs and their receptors are expressed in the nervous systems at the larval stage, when animals are not yet capable of reproduction, suggesting that the hormones have non-reproductive roles. RESULTS We showed that GnRHs in Ciona are involved in the animal's metamorphosis by regulating tail absorption and adult organ growth. Absorption of the larval tail and growth of the adult organs are two major events in the metamorphosis of ascidians. When larvae were treated with GnRHs, they completed tail absorption more frequently than control larvae. cAMP was suggested to be a second messenger for the induction of tail absorption by GnRHs. tGnRH-3 and tGnRH-5 (the "t" indicates "tunicate") inhibited the growth of adult organs by arresting cell cycle progression in parallel with the promotion of tail absorption. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of ascidian metamorphosis conducted by non-reproductive GnRHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kamiya
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan
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Savulescu D, Feng J, Ping YS, Mai O, Boehm U, He B, O'Malley BW, Melamed P. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-regulated prohibitin mediates apoptosis of the gonadotrope cells. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:1856-70. [PMID: 24085822 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GnRH regulates circulating levels of the gonadotropins but has also been implicated in establishing the gonadotrope cell population. Consistent with this, GnRH induces proliferation of partially differentiated gonadotropes, while reducing the numbers of fully differentiated cells. We have previously reported that the proapoptotic protein, prohibitin (PHB) is expressed more abundantly in gonadotrope-derived LβT2 cells than in partially differentiated αT3-1 gonadotrope precursor cells, suggesting a possible role for PHB in GnRH-induced apoptosis. We show here that PHB is required for GnRH-induced apoptosis in mature gonadotropes. PHB expression and activity are regulated by GnRH: its transcription is via c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, whereas its nuclear export follows activation of ERK. Moreover, PHB levels are down-regulated by microRNA27, which is expressed at lower levels in mature gonadotropes, possibly explaining the switch to an apoptotic response with development. PHB is required for mitochondrial import of the proapoptotic BAX, whose expression is also induced by GnRH-activated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, as is expression of the BH3-only protein, HRK, and this too plays a role in GnRH-induced apoptosis. Finally, we show that gonadotrope-specific PHB-knockout mice display reproductive abnormalities, including a larger gonadotrope population, increased LH levels, reduced fertility, and altered gonad development. We thus demonstrate a role for PHB in GnRH-induced cell death in mature gonadotropes, which is crucial for the normal development and function of the reproductive axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Savulescu
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000 Israel.
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