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Regulation of Stanniocalcin Secretion by Calcium and PTHrP in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060863. [PMID: 35741384 PMCID: PMC9219694 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium balance is of paramount importance for vertebrates. In fish, the endocrine modulators of calcium homeostasis include the stanniocalcin (STC), and some members of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) family, such as the PTH-related protein (PTHrP), acting as antagonists. STC is ubiquitously expressed in higher vertebrates. In turn, bony fish exhibit specific STC-producing glands named the corpuscles of Stannius (CS). Previous studies pointed to a calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) involvement in the secretion of STC, but little is known of the involvement of other putative regulators. The CS provides a unique model to deepen the study of STC secretion. We developed an ex vivo assay to culture CS of fish and a competitive ELISA method to measure STC concentrations. As expected, STC released from the CS responds to CaSR stimulation by calcium, calcimimetics, and calcilytic drugs. Moreover, we uncover the presence (by PCR) of two PTHrP receptors in the CS, e.g., PTH1R and PTH3R. Thus, ex vivo incubations revealed a dose-response inhibition of STC secretion in response to PTHrP at basal Ca2+ concentrations. This inhibition is achieved through specific and reversible second messenger pathways (transmembrane adenylyl cyclases and phospholipase C), as the use of specific inhibitors highlights. Together, these results provide evidence for endocrine modulation between two antagonist hormones, STC and PTHrP.
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Suarez-Bregua P, Cal L, Cañestro C, Rotllant J. PTH Reloaded: A New Evolutionary Perspective. Front Physiol 2017; 8:776. [PMID: 29062283 PMCID: PMC5640766 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The parathyroid hormone (PTH) family is a group of structurally-related secreted peptides involved in bone mineral homeostasis and multitude of developmental processes in vertebrates. These peptides mediate actions through PTH receptors (PTHRs), which belong to the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor group. To date, genes encoding for PTH and PTHR have only been identified in chordates, suggesting that this signaling pathway may be an evolutionary innovation of our phylum. In vertebrates, we found up to six PTH and three PTHR different paralogs, varying in number between mammals and teleost fishes due to the different rounds of whole-genome duplication and specific gene losses suffered between the two groups of animals. The diversification of the PTH gene family has been accompanied by both functional divergence and convergence, making sometimes difficult the comparison between PTH peptides of teleosts and mammals. Here, we review the roles of all Pth peptides in fishes, and based on the evolutionary history of PTH paralogs, we propose a new and simple nomenclature from PTH1 to PTH4. Moreover, the recent characterization of the Pth4 in zebrafish allows us to consider the prominent role of the brain-to-bone signaling pathway in the regulation of bone development and homeostasis. Finally, comparison between PTH peptides of fish and mammals allows us to discuss an evolutionary model for PTH functions related to bone mineral balance during the vertebrate transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cal
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristian Cañestro
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, IRBio, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Suarez-Bregua P, Torres-Nuñez E, Saxena A, Guerreiro P, Braasch I, Prober DA, Moran P, Cerda-Reverter JM, Du SJ, Adrio F, Power DM, Canario AVM, Postlethwait JH, Bronner ME, Cañestro C, Rotllant J. Pth4, an ancient parathyroid hormone lost in eutherian mammals, reveals a new brain-to-bone signaling pathway. FASEB J 2016; 31:569-583. [PMID: 28148780 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600815r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of bone development, growth, and remodeling traditionally has been thought to depend on endocrine and autocrine/paracrine modulators. Recently, however, brain-derived signals have emerged as key regulators of bone metabolism, although their mechanisms of action have been poorly understood. We reveal the existence of an ancient parathyroid hormone (Pth)4 in zebrafish that was secondarily lost in the eutherian mammals' lineage, including humans, and that is specifically expressed in neurons of the hypothalamus and appears to be a central neural regulator of bone development and mineral homeostasis. Transgenic fish lines enabled mapping of axonal projections leading from the hypothalamus to the brainstem and spinal cord. Targeted laser ablation demonstrated an essential role for of pth4-expressing neurons in larval bone mineralization. Moreover, we show that Runx2 is a direct regulator of pth4 expression and that Pth4 can activate cAMP signaling mediated by Pth receptors. Finally, gain-of-function experiments show that Pth4 can alter calcium/phosphorus levels and affect expression of genes involved in phosphate homeostasis. Based on our discovery and characterization of Pth4, we propose a model for evolution of bone homeostasis in the context of the vertebrate transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial lifestyle.-Suarez-Bregua, P., Torres-Nuñez, E., Saxena, A., Guerreiro, P., Braasch, I., Prober, D. A., Moran, P., Cerda-Reverter, J. M., Du, S. J., Adrio, F., Power, D. M., Canario, A. V. M., Postlethwait, J. H., Bronner, M E., Cañestro, C., Rotllant, J. Pth4, an ancient parathyroid hormone lost in eutherian mammals, reveals a new brain-to-bone signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Suarez-Bregua
- Institute of Marine Research, Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva Torres-Nuñez
- Institute of Marine Research, Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Ankur Saxena
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pedro Guerreiro
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ingo Braasch
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - David A Prober
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Paloma Moran
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Shao Jun Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fatima Adrio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela Spain; and
| | - Deborah M Power
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Cristian Cañestro
- Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Rotllant
- Institute of Marine Research, Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain;
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Aceto J, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Marée R, Dardenne N, Jeanray N, Wehenkel L, Aleström P, van Loon JJWA, Muller M. Zebrafish Bone and General Physiology Are Differently Affected by Hormones or Changes in Gravity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126928. [PMID: 26061167 PMCID: PMC4465622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fish such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) are increasingly used for physiological, genetic and developmental studies. Our understanding of the physiological consequences of altered gravity in an entire organism is still incomplete. We used altered gravity and drug treatment experiments to evaluate their effects specifically on bone formation and more generally on whole genome gene expression. By combining morphometric tools with an objective scoring system for the state of development for each element in the head skeleton and specific gene expression analysis, we confirmed and characterized in detail the decrease or increase of bone formation caused by a 5 day treatment (from 5dpf to 10 dpf) of, respectively parathyroid hormone (PTH) or vitamin D3 (VitD3). Microarray transcriptome analysis after 24 hours treatment reveals a general effect on physiology upon VitD3 treatment, while PTH causes more specifically developmental effects. Hypergravity (3g from 5dpf to 9 dpf) exposure results in a significantly larger head and a significant increase in bone formation for a subset of the cranial bones. Gene expression analysis after 24 hrs at 3g revealed differential expression of genes involved in the development and function of the skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine and cardiovascular systems. Finally, we propose a novel type of experimental approach, the "Reduced Gravity Paradigm", by keeping the developing larvae at 3g hypergravity for the first 5 days before returning them to 1g for one additional day. 5 days exposure to 3g during these early stages also caused increased bone formation, while gene expression analysis revealed a central network of regulatory genes (hes5, sox10, lgals3bp, egr1, edn1, fos, fosb, klf2, gadd45ba and socs3a) whose expression was consistently affected by the transition from hyper- to normal gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aceto
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA- Research, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | | | - Raphael Marée
- GIGA & Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadia Dardenne
- Unité de soutien méth. en Biostatistique et Epidémiologie, University of Liège, B23, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Jeanray
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA- Research, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - Louis Wehenkel
- GIGA & Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Peter Aleström
- BasAM, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Vetbio, 0033 Dep, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jack J. W. A. van Loon
- DESC (Dutch Experiment Support Center), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery / Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center & Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ESA-ESTEC, TEC-MMG, NL-2200 AG, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA- Research, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
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