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Discovery of prolactin-like in lamprey: Role in osmoregulation and new insight into the evolution of the growth hormone/prolactin family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212196119. [PMID: 36161944 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212196119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a representative of one of the oldest extant vertebrate lineages (jawless fish or agnathans) to investigate the early evolution and function of the growth hormone (GH)/prolactin (PRL) family. We identified a second member of the GH/PRL family in an agnathan, the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Structural, phylogenetic, and synteny analyses supported the identification of this hormone as prolactin-like (PRL-L), which has led to added insight into the evolution of the GH/PRL family. At least two ancestral genes were present in early vertebrates, which gave rise to distinct GH and PRL-L genes in lamprey. A series of gene duplications, gene losses, and chromosomal rearrangements account for the diversity of GH/PRL-family members in jawed vertebrates. Lamprey PRL-L is produced in the proximal pars distalis of the pituitary and is preferentially bound by the lamprey PRL receptor, whereas lamprey GH is preferentially bound by the lamprey GH receptor. Pituitary PRL-L messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were low in larvae, then increased significantly in mid-metamorphic transformers (stage 3); thereafter, levels subsided in final-stage transformers and metamorphosed juveniles. The abundance of PRL-L mRNA and immunoreactive protein increased in the pituitary of juveniles under hypoosmotic conditions, and treatment with PRL-L blocked seawater-associated inhibition of freshwater ion transporters. These findings clarify the origin and divergence of GH/PRL family genes in early vertebrates and reveal a function of PRL-L in osmoregulation of sea lamprey, comparable to a role of PRLs that is conserved in jawed vertebrates.
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Hu S, Li L, Ren X, Qing E, Deng D, He H, Li L, Wang J. Evidence for the Existence of Two Prolactin Isoforms in the Developing Pituitary Gland of the Goose ( Anser cygnoides). Folia Biol (Praha) 2022. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_70-1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Compared to Galliformes such as chicken and turkey, very little is known about the existence and expression of isoforms of prolactin (PRL) in the pituitary glands of Anseriformes. In this study, by generating a rabbit-anti-goose (Anser cygnoides) PRL polyclonal
antibody, we analysed the expression patterns of goose PRL isoforms in the embryonic and post-hatch development of the pituitary gland. Our results showed that two immunoreactive bands with molecular weights of about 23 and 26 kDa were detected using the Western blot technique, corresponding
to the non-glycosylated (NG-) and the glycosylated (G-) isoform of PRL, respectively. The protein levels of the total PRL in a goose increased gradually from the embryonic day (ED) 22 to the post-hatch day (PD) 28, with a non-significant decrease on PD6. Furthermore, the percentage of G-PRL
in the pituitary gland of the goose fluctuated from about 30.3% to 54.7% throughout the embryonic and post-hatch development. At the mRNA level, the expression of PRL increased steadily during the development and reached the highest levels on PD12, but later showed a non-significant
decrease on PD28. The inconsistent expression patterns between the PRL mRNA and protein during the stages from PD6 to PD28 indicated that the PRL gene expression involves both transcriptional and post-translational regulation. Taken together, our data unequivocally demonstrated
the existence of NG- and G-PRL in the pituitary gland of a goose and that the expression of the total PRL as well as the percentage of G-PRL significantly changed during embryonic and post-hatch development, indicating that the versatile biological functions of PRL during the ontogenesis of
a goose could be closely related to changes in both its total expression and the degree of glycosylation in the pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xufang Ren
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Enhua Qing
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Donghang Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Yang M, Yang M, Lin Y, Meng F, Du X, Zeng X, Bu G. Characterization of prolactin (PRL) and PRL receptor (PRLR) in Chinese soft-shelled turtle: Molecular identification, ligand-receptor interaction and tissue distribution. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 316:113941. [PMID: 34715089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) plays crucial roles in many physiological and pathological processes through activating its specific membrane-anchored receptor (PRLR). Although this ligand-receptor pair has been extensively studied in mammals, birds and fishes, researches examining their significance is rather scarce in reptiles. Additionally, the interaction mechanism of PRL-PRLR has abortively understood across vertebrates, since two tandem repeated ligand-binding domains of PRLR have been identified in birds and few reptiles. To lay the foundation to clarify their roles and ligand-receptor interaction in reptiles, using Chinese soft-shelled turtle as model, the cDNAs containing open reading frame of PRL and PRLR were cloned. The cloned PRL consisted of 710 bp and encoded a precursor of 228 amino acid (-aa), while PRLR was 2658 bp in length and predicted to generate a 828-aa precursor. Furthermore, the recombinant PRL protein with high-purity was prepared from Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain Rosetta gamiB (DE3) by using cobalt resin. Using the 5 × STAT5-Luciferase reporter system, we found PRLR and PRLR-M2 (the PRLR-mutant lacking membrane-distal ligand-binding domain) could be dose-dependently activated by recombinant PRL, thereby triggering the intracellular JAK2-STAT5 signaling cascade, suggesting PRL-PRLR is functional in Chinese soft-shelled turtle, and the membrane-proximal ligand-binding domain of PRLR is the critical domain involving in PRL-binding. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that PRL was predominantly and abundantly expressed in pituitary, while PRLR exhibited ubiquitous expression in all of the tissues examined. Collectively, our data indicate the PRL-PRLR pair may function in reptiles including Chinese soft-shelled turtle, in a way similar to that in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Ying Lin
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China.
| | - Guixian Bu
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China.
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Liu X, Wu Z, Li J, Bao H, Wu C. Genome-Wide Association Study and Transcriptome Differential Expression Analysis of the Feather Rate in Shouguang Chickens. Front Genet 2021; 11:613078. [PMID: 33414812 PMCID: PMC7783405 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.613078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The feather rate phenotype in chicks, including early-feathering and late-feathering phenotypes, are widely used as a sexing system in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to obtain candidate genes associated with the feather rate in Shouguang chickens. In the present study, we collected 56 blood samples and 12 hair follicle samples of flight feathers from female Shouguang chickens. Then we identified the chromosome region associated with the feather rate by genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). We also performed RNA sequencing and analyzed differentially expressed genes between the early-feathering and late-feathering phenotypes using HISAT2, StringTie, and DESeq2. We identified a genomic region of 10.0–13.0 Mb of chromosome Z, which is statistically associated with the feather rate of Shouguang chickens at one-day old. After RNA sequencing analysis, 342 differentially expressed known genes between the early-feathering (EF) and late-feathering (LF) phenotypes were screened out, which were involved in epithelial cell differentiation, intermediate filament organization, protein serine kinase activity, peptidyl-serine phosphorylation, retinoic acid binding, and so on. The sperm flagellar 2 gene (SPEF2) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene were the only two overlapping genes between the results of GWAS and differential expression analysis, which implies that SPEF2 and PRLR are possible candidate genes for the formation of the chicken feathering phenotype in the present study. Our findings help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the feather rate in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Junying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haigang Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Koua ND, Núñez-Rodriguez J, Orjuela J, Zatylny-Gaudin C, Dubos MP, Bernay B, Pontin J, Corre E, Henry J. Identification and structural characterization of the factors involved in vitellogenesis and its regulation in the African Osteoglossiforme of aquacultural interest Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 296:113532. [PMID: 32535172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The African bonytongue (Heterotis niloticus) is an excellent candidate for fish farming because it has outstanding biological characteristics and zootechnical performances. However, the absence of sexual dimorphism does not favor its reproduction in captivity or the understanding of its reproductive behavior. Moreover, no molecular data related to its reproduction is yet available. This study therefore focuses on the structural identification of the different molecular actors of vitellogenesis expressed in the pituitary gland, the liver and the ovary of H. niloticus. A transcriptomic approach based on de novo RNA sequencing of the pituitary gland, ovary and liver of females in vitellogenesis led to the creation of three transcriptomes. In silico analysis of these transcriptomes identified the sequences of pituitary hormones such as prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and their ovarian receptors (PRLR, FSHR, LHR). In the liver and ovary, estrogen receptors (ER) beta and gamma, liver vitellogenins (VtgB and VtgC) and their ovarian receptors (VLDLR) were identified. Finally, the partial transcript of an ovarian Vtg weakly expressed compared to hepatic Vtg was identified based on structural criteria. Moreover, a proteomic approach carried out from mucus revealed the presence of one Vtg exclusively in females in vitellogenesis. In this teleost fish that does not exhibit sexual dimorphism, mucus Vtg could be used as a sexing biomarker based on a non-invasive technique compatible with the implementation of experimental protocols in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N'Zi Daniel Koua
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; INP-HB, Département FOREN, BP 1313 Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire; Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Céline Zatylny-Gaudin
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubos
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Bernay
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, SF ICORE, Proteogen Platform, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Julien Pontin
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, SF ICORE, Proteogen Platform, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Joël Henry
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France.
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Dobolyi A, Oláh S, Keller D, Kumari R, Fazekas EA, Csikós V, Renner É, Cservenák M. Secretion and Function of Pituitary Prolactin in Evolutionary Perspective. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:621. [PMID: 32612510 PMCID: PMC7308720 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamo-pituitary system developed in early vertebrates. Prolactin is an ancient vertebrate hormone released from the pituitary that exerts particularly diverse functions. The purpose of the review is to take a comparative approach in the description of prolactin, its secretion from pituitary lactotrophs, and hormonal functions. Since the reproductive and osmoregulatory roles of prolactin are best established in a variety of species, these functions are the primary subjects of discussion. Different types of prolactin and prolactin receptors developed during vertebrate evolution, which will be described in this review. The signal transduction of prolactin receptors is well conserved among vertebrates enabling us to describe the whole subphylum. Then, the review focuses on the regulation of prolactin release in mammals as we have the most knowledge on this class of vertebrates. Prolactin secretion in response to different reproductive stimuli, such as estrogen-induced release, mating, pregnancy and suckling is detailed. Reproduction in birds is different from that in mammals in several aspects. Prolactin is released during incubation in avian species whose regulation and functional significance are discussed. Little information is available on prolactin in reptiles and amphibians; therefore, they are mentioned only in specific cases to explain certain evolutionary aspects. In turn, the osmoregulatory function of prolactin is well established in fish. The different types of pituitary prolactin in fish play particularly important roles in the adaptation of eutherian species to fresh water environments. To achieve this function, prolactin is released from lactotrophs in hyposmolarity, as they are directly osmosensitive in fish. In turn, the released prolactin acts on branchial epithelia, especially ionocytes of the gill to retain salt and excrete water. This review will highlight the points where comparative data give new ideas or suggest new approaches for investigation in other taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Oláh
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Keller
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese A. Fazekas
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Csikós
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Renner
- Human Brain Tissue Bank and Microdissection Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Cservenák
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Gene Expression Profiling in Ovaries and Association Analyses Reveal HEP21 as a Candidate Gene for Sexual Maturity in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020181. [PMID: 31973127 PMCID: PMC7071030 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chicken meat and egg productions are essential for human beings. Sexual maturity is important for both egg production and meat flavor. It is necessary to elucidate the genetic mechanism of chicken sexual maturity. In current study, we used digital gene expression (DGE) RNA-sequencing analysis to investigate differential expression of genes in pre-pubertal and post-pubertal ovaries in two different sub-breeds of chicken with different onsets of sexual maturity. After the analysis of RNA-sequencing data, numerous differentially expressed genes were found in both comparisons (32 day old, early-sexual-maturity pre-laying hens (P-F-O1) vs. 103 day old early-sexual-maturity laying hens (P-F-O2), and 32 day old late-sexual-maturity pre-laying hens (L-F-O1) vs. 153 day old late-sexual-maturity pre-laying hens (L-F-O2)). With the bioinformatic analysis, hen egg protein 21 kDa (HEP21) was chosen as the candidate gene to conduct following experiment. The variations in HEP21 were screened and association analyses between rs315156783 and reproductive traits were investigated in fifth-generation Ningdu Yellow chickens from a closely bred population. These results demonstrated that HEP21 is a candidate gene for sexual maturity and ovary development in chickens. However, the underlying mechanism of how HEP21 regulates chicken sexual maturity needs further focused studies. Abstract The age of onset of sexual maturity is an important reproductive trait in chickens. In this study, we explored candidate genes associated with sexual maturity and ovary development in chickens. We performed DGE RNA-sequencing analyses of ovaries of pre-laying (P-F-O1, L-F-O1) and laying (P-F-O2, L-F-O2) hens of two sub-breeds of Ningdu Yellow chicken. A total of 3197 genes were identified in the two comparisons, and 966 and 1860 genes were detected exclusively in comparisons of P-F-O1 vs. P-F-O2 and L-F-O1 vs. L-F-O2, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that genes involved in transmembrane signaling receptor activity, cell adhesion, developmental processes, the neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction pathway, and the calcium signaling pathway were enriched in both comparisons. Genes on these pathways, including growth hormone (GH), integrin subunit beta 3 (ITGB3), thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta (TSHB), prolactin (PRL), and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3), play indispensable roles in sexual maturity. As a gene unique to poultry, hen egg protein 21 kDa (HEP21) was chosen as the candidate gene. Differential expression and association analyses were performed. RNA-seq data and qPCR showed that HEP21 was significantly differentially expressed in pre-pubertal and pubertal ovaries. A total of 23 variations were detected in HEP21. Association analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HEP21 and reproductive traits showed that rs315156783 was significantly related to comb height at 84 and 91 days. These results indicate that HEP21 is a candidate gene for sexual maturity in chickens. Our results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of sexual maturity and reproduction in chickens.
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Differentiated thyroid cancer: Why does it affect predominantly women during the reproductive period and have higher incidence of mutual association with breast cancer? Med Hypotheses 2018; 122:5-7. [PMID: 30593422 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is markedly more common in women than men, and its occurrence and risk for poorer prognosis are associated with pregnancy. Further, it is known that there is a high frequency of co-occurrence of DTC and breast cancer. Although the underlying mechanisms that contribute to these phenomena are not entirely clear, 2 hypotheses are proposed here. First, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta may be involved, since hCG has a similar function to stimulate the thyroid as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), the latter of which is known to play a role in causing DTC and may promote breast cancer through the secretion of thyroid hormones (THs). Second, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which is stimulated by suckling in the puerperal period, induces the secretion of not only TSH and thus indirectly THs, but also prolactin (PRL), which can accelerate the development of breast cancer. These hypotheses also explain the pregnancy-associated transient increase in breast cancer risk, while inhibition of estrogen by PRL may have a long-term preventive effect on breast cancer. Pregnancy-associated hyperthyroidism may also account for female preponderance of thyroid disease in general as well as tumors in organs that the thyroid hormone targets such as cardiac myxoma and diffuse-type gastric carcinoma.
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Ocłoń E, Solomon G, Hrabia A, Druyan S, Hayouka Z, Gertler A. New reagents for poultry research: preparation, purification, and in vitro evaluation of non-PEGylated and mono-PEGylated chicken prolactin. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3277-3285. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Lv C, Mo C, Liu H, Wu C, Li Z, Li J, Wang Y. Dopamine D2-like receptors (DRD2 and DRD4) in chickens: Tissue distribution, functional analysis, and their involvement in dopamine inhibition of pituitary prolactin expression. Gene 2018; 651:33-43. [PMID: 29382572 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) D2-like (and D1-like) receptors are suggested to mediate the dopamine actions in the anterior pituitary and/or CNS of birds. However, the information regarding the structure, functionality, and expression of avian D2-like receptors have not been fully characterized. In this study, we cloned two D2-like receptors (cDRD2, cDRD4) from chicken brain using RACE PCR. The cloned cDRD4 is a 378-amino acid receptor, which shows 57% amino acid (a.a.) identity with mouse DRD4. As in mammals, two cDRD2 isoforms, cDRD2L (long isoform, 437 a.a.) and cDRD2S (short isoform, 408 a.a.), which differ in their third intracellular loop, were identified in chickens. Using cell-based luciferase reporter assays or Western blot, we demonstrated that cDRD4, cDRD2L and cDRD2S could be activated by dopamine and quinpirole (a D2-like receptor agonist) dose-dependently, and their activation inhibits cAMP signaling pathway and stimulates MAPK/ERK signaling cascade, indicating that they are functional receptors capable of mediating dopamine actions. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that cDRD2 and cDRD4 are widely expressed in chicken tissues with abundant expression noted in anterior pituitary, and their expressions are likely controlled by their promoters near exon 1, as demonstrated by dual-luciferase reporter assays in DF-1 cells. In accordance with cDRD2/cDRD4 expression in the pituitary, DA or quinpirole could partially inhibit vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced prolactin expression in cultured chick pituitary cells. Together, our data proves the functionality of DRD2 and DRD4 in birds and aids to uncover the conserved roles of DA/D2-like receptor system in vertebrates, such as its action on the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Haikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Chao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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Hu S, Duggavathi R, Zadworny D. Expression and regulation of prolactin-like protein messenger RNA in undifferentiated chicken granulosa cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 240:191-197. [PMID: 27815160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin-like protein (PRL-L; LOC417800) is a homolog of PRL in non-mammalian vertebrates and can act as a functional ligand of PRL receptor (PRLR). Despite its widespread expression in extrapituitary tissues, mechanisms of regulation of PRL-L in the chicken ovary remain unknown. In this study, we first examined PRL-L expression in chicken ovarian developing follicles. PRL-L transcript levels were highest (P<0.05) in follicular walls of <2mm follicles and progressively declined during follicle maturation. Undifferentiated granulosa cells of 6-8mm follicles had higher (P<0.05) PRL-L mRNA levels than differentiated granulosa cells of F3, F2 or F1 follicles. In cultured undifferentiated granulosa cells, levels of PRL-L transcript were increased (P<0.05) by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) treatment while were not altered by the addition of luteinizing hormone (LH). In addition, 10ng/ml non-glycosylated (NG-) and 1ng/ml glycosylated (G-) PRL increased (P<0.05) but at higher levels (100 or 1000ng/ml) both showed no effects on PRL-L expression. Furthermore, 100ng/ml NG-PRL enhanced (P<0.05) FSH-induced PRL-L expression, whereas the effects of G-PRL were not significant. These results suggest that PRL-L mRNA is differentially expressed in the follicular hierarchy and its high abundance in undifferentiated granulosa cells is under the regulation of FSH or PRL variants independently or in combination. Moreover, in undifferentiated granulosa cells we also provide evidence for a positive role for PKA, PKC and PI3K signaling while a negative role for ERK2 in mediating FSH stimulation of PRL-L transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqiang Hu
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Raj Duggavathi
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - David Zadworny
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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12
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Bu G, Lin D, Cui L, Huang L, Lv C, Huang S, Wan Y, Fang C, Li J, Wang Y. Characterization of Neuropeptide B (NPB), Neuropeptide W (NPW), and Their Receptors in Chickens: Evidence for NPW Being a Novel Inhibitor of Pituitary GH and Prolactin Secretion. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3562-76. [PMID: 27399877 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 2 structurally and functionally related peptides, neuropeptide B (NPB) and neuropeptide W (NPW), together with their receptor(s) (NPBWR1/NPBWR2) constitute the NPB/NPW system, which acts mainly on the central nervous system to regulate many physiological processes in mammals. However, little is known about this NPB/NPW system in nonmammalian vertebrates. In this study, the functionality and expression of this NPB/NPW system and its actions on the pituitary were investigated in chickens. The results showed that: 1) chicken NPB/NPW system comprises an NPB peptide of 28 amino acids (cNPB28), an NPW peptide of 23 or 30 amino acids (cNPW23/cNPW30), and their 2 receptors (cNPBWR1 and cNPBWR2), which are highly homologous to their human counterparts. 2) Using a pGL3-CRE-luciferase reporter system, we demonstrated that cNPBWR2 expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells can be potently activated by cNPW23 (not cNPB28), and its activation inhibits the intracellular cAMP signaling pathway, whereas cNPBWR1 shows no response to peptide treatment, suggesting a crucial role of cNPBWR2 in mediating cNPW/cNPB actions. 3) Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that cNPW and cNPB are widely expressed in chicken tissues, including hypothalamus, whereas cNPBWR1 and cNPBWR2 are mainly expressed in brain or pituitary. 4) In accordance with abundant cNPBWR2 expression in pituitary, cNPW23 could dose dependently inhibit GH and prolactin secretion induced by GHRH and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, respectively, in cultured chick pituitary cells, as monitored by Western blotting. Collectively, our data reveal a functional NPB/NPW system in birds and offer the first proof that NPW can act directly on pituitary to inhibit GH/prolactin secretion in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixian Bu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Simiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhao J, Yao J, Li F, Yang Z, Sun Z, Qu L, Wang K, Su Y, Zhang A, Montgomery SA, Geng T, Cui H. Identification of candidate genes for chicken early- and late-feathering. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1498-1503. [PMID: 27081197 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that prolactin receptor (Prlr) is a potential causative gene for chicken early- (EF) and late-feathering (LF) phenotypes. In this study, we evaluated candidate genes for this trait and determined the expression of 3 genes, including Prlr, sperm flagellar protein 2 (Spef2), and their fusion gene, in the skins of one-day-old EF and LF chicks using RT-qPCR. Data indicated that Prlr expression in the skin did not show significant difference between EF and LF chicks, suggesting Prlr may not be a suitable candidate gene. In contrast, Spef2 expression in the skin displayed a significant difference between EF and LF chicks (P < 0.01), suggesting that Spef2 may be a good candidate gene for chicken feathering. Moreover, dPrlr/dSpef2, the fusion gene, was also a good candidate gene as it was expressed only in LF chicks. However, the expression of the fusion gene was much lower than that of Prlr Additionally, using strand-specific primers, we found that the fusion gene was transcribed in 2 directions (one from dPrlr promoter, another from dSpef2 promoter), which could result in the formation of a double strand RNA. In conclusion, both Spef2 and the fusion gene are good candidate genes for chicken feathering, but Prlr is not. The research on the function and regulation of the candidate genes will help elucidate the molecular basis of the chicken feathering trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - J Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - F Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Z Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Z Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - L Qu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - K Wang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Y Su
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - A Zhang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - S A Montgomery
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - T Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - H Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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14
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Wu TS, Yang JJ, Wang YW, Yu FY, Liu BH. Mycotoxin ochratoxin A disrupts renal development via a miR-731/prolactin receptor axis in zebrafish. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:519-529. [PMID: 30090366 PMCID: PMC6062247 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) frequently contaminates various food and feed products, including cereals, coffee and wine. While the nephrotoxicity and teratogenicity of OTA have been extensively documented, the molecular mechanisms associated with OTA toxicity remained poorly understood in a developing organism. We showed that zebrafish embryos exposed to OTA demonstrated incorrect heart looping and small heart chambers. OTA also impaired the renal morphology and reduced the glomerular filtration rate of the embryonic zebrafish. The treatment of embryos with OTA attenuated the expression of the prolactin receptor, a gene (PRLRa) that has a key role in organogenesis and osmoregulation in vertebrates. OTA not only inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT5 and AKT, but also down-regulated the level of serpina1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the microRNA profiling based on RNA sequencing revealed the up-regulation of microRNA-731 (miR-731) in the OTA-treated embryos. Further in silico analysis predicted that PRLRa was a target gene of miR-731. AntagomiR-731 restored PRLRa levels that had been reduced by OTA and also recovered the pronephros morphology that was damaged by OTA. These observations suggest that the exposure to OTA adversely affected the organogenesis of zebrafish, and the modulation of miR-731 and the PRLR signaling cascade contributed to the abnormal renal development mediated by OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Shuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology , College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-2-23123456, ext 88602
| | - Jiann-Jou Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Chung Shan Medical University , Taiwan .
| | - Yan-Wei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Chung Shan Medical University , Taiwan .
| | - Feng-Yih Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Chung Shan Medical University , Taiwan .
- Department of Medical Research , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Biing-Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology , College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-2-23123456, ext 88602
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15
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Awad MS, Alrifai SB. Assessment of serum prolactin levels in acute myocardial infarction: The role of pharmacotherapy. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20:72-79. [PMID: 26904472 PMCID: PMC4743388 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.172240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperprolactinemia may reflect neuroendocrine stress reaction against acute coronary syndromes. AIM The aim of the present study was evaluation of the serum prolactin level in the acute myocardial infarction (MI) regarding the current pharmacotherapy in management of MI. SETTING AND DESIGN Cross-sectional clinical based study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional clinical study involved all patients with acute MI in a coronary care unit, a total number of 44 patients (45% males and 55% females) with age ranged from 40 to 75 years. A full history for modifiable risk factors and current therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel and or metformin, all patients are nonsmokers. The anthropometric measurements; for estimations of body mass index (kg/m(2)), electrocardiography was obtained. Fasting blood samples were taken in the morning from all patients and the sera used for estimations of routine investigation and determination of ischemic cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and serum prolactin level. RESULTS This study shows a significant increase in the serum prolactin in acute MI as compared with the control. In acute MI serum cTnI elevation was correlated with serum prolactin increments. In metformin-treated group, there was a lowest prolactin serum level. CONCLUSIONS Serum prolactin level increased in acute MI, and positively correlated with cardiac troponin level and reflects underlying cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohamed S. Awad
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sinan B. Alrifai
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
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