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Huang KR, Liu QY, Zhang YF, Luo YL, Fu C, Pang X, Fu SJ. Whether hypoxia tolerance improved after short-term fasting is closely related to phylogeny but not to foraging mode in freshwater fish species. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01588-8. [PMID: 39347810 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The combined stresses of fasting and hypoxia are common events during the life history of freshwater fish species. Hypoxia tolerance is vital for survival in aquatic environments, which requires organisms to down-regulate their maintenance energetic expenditure while simultaneously preserving physiological features such as oxygen supply capacity under conditions of food deprivation. Generally, infrequent-feeding species who commonly experience food shortages might evolve more adaptive strategies to cope with food deprivation than frequent-feeding species. Thus, the present study aimed to test whether the response of hypoxia tolerance in fish to short-term fasting (2 weeks) varied with different foraging modes. Fasting resulted in similar decreases in maintenance energetic expenditure and similar decreases in Pcrit and Ploe between fishes with different foraging modes, whereas it resulted in decreased oxygen supply capacity only in frequent-feeding fishes. Furthermore, independent of foraging mode, fasting decreased Pcrit and Ploe in all Cypriniformes and Siluriformes species but not in Perciformes species. The mechanism for decreased Pcrit and Ploe in Cypriniformes and Siluriformes species is at least partially due to the downregulated metabolic demand and/or the maintenance of a high oxygen supply capacity while fasting. The present study found that the effect of fasting on hypoxia tolerance depends upon phylogeny in freshwater fish species. The information acquired in the present study is highly valuable in aquaculture industries and can be used for species conservation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ren Huang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qian-Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yong-Fei Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yu-Lian Luo
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Cheng Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xu Pang
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shi-Jian Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Marozzi A, Cantarelli V, Gomez F, Panebianco A, Leggieri L, Gregorio P, Ponzio M, Carmanchahi P. A predictive model to diagnose pregnancy in guanacos ( Lama guanicoe) using non-invasive methods. CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy status is usually not included in ecological studies because it is difficult to evaluate. The use of non-invasive methods to determine pregnancy, without physically restraining individuals, would enable pregnancy to be included in population studies. In this study, we evaluated sex steroid hormones in plasma and fecal samples from pregnant and non-pregnant females to develop a pregnancy predictive model for guanacos (Lama guanicoe (Müller, 1776)). Samples were obtained during live-shearing management (i.e., capture, shear, and release) of guanacos. Enzyme immunoassays were used to evaluate progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentrations in plasma and pregnanediol glucuronides (PdG) and conjugated estrogens (EC) in feces. Mean hormonal and fecal metabolite concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant females than in non-pregnant females. A linear relationship was found between each hormone and its fecal metabolite. Finally, hormonal data were combined with an independent source of pregnancy diagnosis such as abdominal ballottement to develop a logistic regression model to diagnose pregnancy in non-handled individuals. The use of predictive models and non-invasive methods might be suitable to incorporate pregnancy information in large-scale population studies on guanaco and other free-ranging ungulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Marozzi
- Grupo de Investigación de Eco-Fisiología de Fauna Silvestre (GIEFAS), INIBIOMA, CONICET, AUSMA, UNCo, Pasaje de la Paz 235, 8370 San Martín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - V.I. Cantarelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F.M. Gomez
- Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo), CONICET, AUSMA, Pasaje de la Paz 235, 8370 San Martín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - A. Panebianco
- Grupo de Investigación de Eco-Fisiología de Fauna Silvestre (GIEFAS), INIBIOMA, CONICET, AUSMA, UNCo, Pasaje de la Paz 235, 8370 San Martín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - L.R. Leggieri
- Grupo de Investigación de Eco-Fisiología de Fauna Silvestre (GIEFAS), INIBIOMA, CONICET, AUSMA, UNCo, Pasaje de la Paz 235, 8370 San Martín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - P. Gregorio
- Grupo de Investigación de Eco-Fisiología de Fauna Silvestre (GIEFAS), INIBIOMA, CONICET, AUSMA, UNCo, Pasaje de la Paz 235, 8370 San Martín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - M.F. Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P.D. Carmanchahi
- Grupo de Investigación de Eco-Fisiología de Fauna Silvestre (GIEFAS), INIBIOMA, CONICET, AUSMA, UNCo, Pasaje de la Paz 235, 8370 San Martín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
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Noninvasive Ultrasound Monitoring of Embryonic and Fetal Development in Chinchilla lanigera to Predict Gestational Age: Preliminary Evaluation of This Species as a Novel Animal Model of Human Pregnancy. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:6319476. [PMID: 31263384 PMCID: PMC6556804 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6319476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is a noninvasive routine method that allows real-time monitoring of fetal development in utero to determine gestational age and to detect congenital anomalies and multiple pregnancies. To date, the developmental biology of Chinchilla lanigera has not yet been characterized. This species has been found to undergo placentation, long gestation, and fetal dimensions similar to those in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the use of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) and clinical ultrasound (US) to predict gestational age in chinchillas and evaluate the possibility of this species as a new animal model for the study of human pregnancy. In this study, 35 pregnant females and a total of 74 embryos and fetuses were monitored. Ultrasound examination was feasible in almost all chinchilla subjects. It was possible to monitor the chinchilla embryo with HFUS from embryonic day (E) 15 to 60 and with US from E15 to E115 due to fetus dimensions. The placenta could be visualized and measured with HFUS from E15, but not with US until E30. From E30, the heartbeat became detectable and it was possible to measure fetal biometrics. In the late stages of pregnancy, stomach, eyes, and lenses became visible. Our study demonstrated the importance of employing both techniques while monitoring embryonic and fetal development to obtain an overall and detailed view of all structures and to recognize any malformation at an early stage. Pregnancy in chinchillas can be confirmed as early as the 15th day postmating, and sonographic changes and gestational age are well correlated. The quantitative measurements of fetal and placental growth performed in this study could be useful in setting up a database for comparison with human fetal ultrasounds. We speculate that, in the future, the chinchilla could be used as an animal model for the study of US in human pregnancy.
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Machado-Neves M, Assis WAD, Gomes MG, Oliveira CAD. Oviduct morphology and estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ expression in captive Chinchilla lanigera (Hystricomorpha: Chinchillidae). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 273:32-39. [PMID: 29574151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chinchilla lanigera is a hystricomorph rodent from South America whose reproductive biology presents particular characteristics that distinguishes it from other Rodentia species, such as low reproductive rate, seasonal breeding pattern, and long estrous cycle. Nevertheless, reproductive features in female chinchillas are still poorly investigated, with a scarce knowledge concerning the estrous cycle and the histology of reproductive organs. In this study, we investigate the morphology, histomorphometry, secretory activity, and immunolocalization of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ in oviducts of nulliparous chinchillas, euthanized at fall season in Brazil. Follicular phase of estrous cycle of all studied animals was characterized by ovary and uterine morphology inspection, as well as vaginal cytology. Similar to other mammals, the oviduct wall of infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus was composed of mucosa, muscle, and serosa layers. Morphometric data of oviduct layers were used for identifying each oviduct segment. In the follicular phase, the oviduct was characterized by intense secretory activity, mainly in the ampulla, and expression of ERα and ERβ throughout the oviduct epithelium. Both ERα and ERβ were also detected in the connective tissue and smooth muscle cells. Our findings point out to the important role of estrogen in this female organ. Similar wide distribution of both ER proteins has been described for human Fallopian tube. Taken together, our data add to the understanding of the reproductive biology of female chinchillas, and may assist in the intensive breeding of this species and any eventual endeavor for conservation of chinchillas in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Wiviane Alves de Assis
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cx Postal 486, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mardelene Geísa Gomes
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cleida Aparecida de Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cx Postal 486, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Edwards PD, Boonstra R. Glucocorticoids and CBG during pregnancy in mammals: diversity, pattern, and function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 259:122-130. [PMID: 29155262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is one of the defining characteristics of placental mammals. Key in the growth and development of the fetus during pregnancy are the dynamics of glucocorticoids (GCs) and their binding protein,corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), which determines how much of the GCs are free and biologically active. Out of more than 5000 species of placental mammals in 19 different orders, our understanding of the dynamics of maternal GCs and CBG during pregnancy is largely limited to the detailed study of 3 groups - sheep, laboratory rodents, and humans. The assumption is often made that what we see in these few species applies to the rest. To examine this generality, we compared patterns of maternal GCs over pregnancy from all placental mammals where data is available: in the blood of 13 species from 5 different orders and in metabolites in excreta in an additional 20 species from 9 orders. We found that maternal free GCs increase by late pregnancy in most taxa. This increase is achieved by either an increase in total GC secretion or a decrease in CBG. A major exception is found in the even-toed ungulates (sheep, cows, etc.) where maternal GCs and CBG remain stable, but where the fetal adrenals mature in late pregnancy and produce the majority of their own GCs. We conclude that patterns of change in maternal GCs and CBG during pregnancy are species-specific but are alternative means to the same end: increased fetal exposure to GCs in late pregnancy, which is essential for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe D Edwards
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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