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Smith GD, Wilcoxen TE, Hudson SB, Virgin EE, Durso AM, Van der Walt M, Spence AR, Neuman‐Lee LA, Webb AC, Terletzky PA, French SS. Anthropogenic and climatic factors interact to influence reproductive timing and effort. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11306. [PMID: 38737567 PMCID: PMC11082630 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproduction, although absolutely essential to a species' persistence, is in itself challenging. As anthropogenic change increasingly affects every landscape on Earth, it is critical to understand how specific pressures impact the reproductive efforts of individuals, which directly contribute to the success or failure of populations. However, organisms rarely encounter a single burden at a time, and the interactions of environmental challenges can have compounding effects. Understanding environmental and physiological pressures is difficult because they are often context-dependent and not generalizable, but long-term monitoring across variable landscapes and weather patterns can improve our understanding of these complex interactions. We tested the effects of urbanization, climate, and individual condition on the reproductive investment of wild side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) by measuring physiological/reproductive metrics from six populations in urban and rural areas over six consecutive years of variable precipitation. We observed that reproductive stage affected body condition, corticosterone concentration, and oxidative stress. We also observed that reproductive patterns differed between urban and rural populations depending on rainfall, with rural animals increasing reproductive investment during rainier years compared to urban conspecifics, and that reproductive decisions appeared to occur early in the reproductive process. These results demonstrate the plastic nature of a generalist species optimizing lifetime fitness under varying conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D. Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesUtah Tech UniversitySt. GeorgeUtahUSA
| | | | - Spencer B. Hudson
- Department of BiologyUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Emily E. Virgin
- Department of BiologyUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Andrew M. Durso
- Department of Biological SciencesFlorida Gulf Coast UniversityFt. MyersFloridaUSA
| | | | - Austin R. Spence
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of California ‐ DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Alison C. Webb
- Department of BiologyUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Patricia A. Terletzky
- Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Department of Wildland ResourcesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Susannah S. French
- Department of BiologyUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
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2
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Valgas AAN, Cubas GK, de Oliveira DR, Araujo JF, Altenhofen S, Bonan CD, Oliveira GT, Verrastro L. Ecophysiological responses of Liolaemus arambarensis juveniles to experimental temperature variations. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 290:111577. [PMID: 38228266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate change increasingly influences the loss of biodiversity, especially in ectothermic organisms, which depend on environmental temperatures to obtain heat and regulate their life cycle. Studies that aim to understand the impact of temperature variation are important to better understand the possible impacts generated on the homeostasis of ectothermic organisms. Our objective was to characterize the responses of juvenile Liolaemus arambarensis lizards to abrupt changes in temperature, quantifying markers of body condition, intermediary and hormonal metabolism and oxidative balance. We collected 45 juvenile individuals of L. arambarensis (winter: 20 and summer: 25) in Barra do Ribeiro, Brazil. We transported the animals to the laboratory, where they were acclimatized for five days at a temperature of 20 °C, then divided and exposed to temperatures of 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C for 24 h. After exposure, the animals were euthanized and the brain, caudal muscle, thigh, and liver tissues were extracted for quantification of biomarkers of metabolism (glycogen and total proteins) and oxidative balance (acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and lipoperoxidation) and plasma for corticosterone quantification. The results show that L. arambarensis is susceptible to sudden temperature variations, where higher temperatures caused greater activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased lipoperoxidation and higher plasma levels of corticosterone in animals eliminated in winter. The present study demonstrated that abrupt changes in temperature could significantly modify the homeostatic mechanisms of animals, which could lead to oxidative stress and a potential trade-off between survival and growth/reproduction. In this context, the organism mobilizes energy resources for survival, with possible damage to growth and reproduction. Demonstrate that a change in temperature can be a potential factor in extinction for a species given the profile of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Antunes Navarro Valgas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Kasper Cubas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Reis de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Fonseca Araujo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block D, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block D, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Verrastro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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3
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Marchetti JR, Beard KH, Virgin EE, Lewis EL, Hess SC, Ki KC, Sermersheim LO, Furtado AP, French SS. Invasive frogs show persistent physiological differences to elevation and acclimate to colder temperatures. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103590. [PMID: 37267784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The coqui frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui) was introduced to the island of Hawai'i in the 1980s and has spread across much of the island. Concern remains that this frog will continue to expand its range and invade higher elevation habitats where much of the island's endemic species are found. We determined whether coqui thermal tolerance and physiology change along Hawai'i's elevational gradients. We measured physiological responses using a short-term experiment to determine baseline tolerance and physiology by elevation, and a long-term experiment to determine the coqui's ability to acclimate to different temperatures. We collected frogs from low, medium, and high elevations. After both the short and long-term experiments, we measured critical thermal minimum (CTmin), blood glucose, oxidative stress, and corticosterone levels. CTmin was lower in high elevation frogs than low elevation frogs after the short acclimation experiment, signifying that they acclimate to local conditions. After the extended acclimation, CTmin was lower in frogs acclimated to cold temperatures compared to warm-acclimated frogs and no longer varied by elevation. Blood glucose levels were positively correlated with elevation even after the extended acclimation, suggesting glucose may also be related to lower temperatures. Oxidative stress was higher in females than males, and corticosterone was not significantly related to any predictor variables. The extended acclimation experiment showed that coquis can adjust their thermal tolerance to different temperatures over a 3-week period, suggesting the expansion of coqui into higher elevation habitats may still be possible, and they may not be as restricted by cold temperatures as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R Marchetti
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Karen H Beard
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
| | - Emily E Virgin
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Erin L Lewis
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Steven C Hess
- USDA APHIS-WS National Wildlife Research Center, Hawaii Field Station, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Kwanho C Ki
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Layne O Sermersheim
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Adriana P Furtado
- Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910900, Brazil
| | - Susannah S French
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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Seeley KE, Proudfoot KL, Edes AN. The application of allostasis and allostatic load in animal species: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273838. [PMID: 36040981 PMCID: PMC9426905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Principles of allostasis and allostatic load have been widely applied in human research to assess the impacts of chronic stress on physiological dysregulation. Over the last few decades, researchers have also applied these concepts to non-human animals. However, there is a lack of uniformity in how the concept of allostasis is described and assessed in animals. The objectives of this review were to: 1) describe the extent to which the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load are applied theoretically to animals, with a focus on which taxa and species are represented; 2) identify when direct assessments of allostasis or allostatic load are made, which species and contexts are represented, what biomarkers are used, and if an allostatic load index was constructed; and 3) detect gaps in the literature and identify areas for future research. A search was conducted using CABI, PubMed, Agricola, and BIOSIS databases, in addition to a complementary hand-search of 14 peer-reviewed journals. Search results were screened, and articles that included non-human animals, as well as the terms “allostasis” or “allostatic” in the full text, were included. A total of 572 articles met the inclusion criteria (108 reviews and 464 peer-reviewed original research). Species were represented across all taxa. A subset of 63 publications made direct assessments of allostatic load. Glucocorticoids were the most commonly used biomarker, and were the only biomarker measured in 25 publications. Only six of 63 publications (9.5%) constructed an allostatic load index, which is the preferred methodology in human research. Although concepts of allostasis and allostatic load are being applied broadly across animal species, most publications use single biomarkers that are more likely indicative of short-term rather than chronic stress. Researchers are encouraged to adopt methodologies used in human research, including the construction of species-specific allostatic load indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Seeley
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kathryn L. Proudfoot
- Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Ashley N. Edes
- Department of Reproductive and Behavioral Sciences, Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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5
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Phenological variation in parasite load and inflammatory response in a lizard with an asynchronous reproductive cycle. Naturwissenschaften 2022; 109:34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-022-01793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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French SS, Webb AC, Wilcoxen TE, Iverson JB, DeNardo DF, Lewis EL, Knapp CR. Complex tourism and season interactions contribute to disparate physiologies in an endangered rock iguana. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac001. [PMID: 35492404 PMCID: PMC9040281 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To promote survival and fitness, organisms use a suite of physiological systems to respond to both predictable and unpredictable changes in the environment. These physiological responses are also influenced by changes in life history state. The continued activation of physiological systems stemming from persistent environmental perturbations enable animals to cope with these challenges but may over time lead to significant effects on the health of wildlife. In the present study, we tested how varying environmental perturbations driven by tourism and associated supplemental feeding affects the energetics, corticosterone and immunity of six discrete populations of the northern Bahamian rock iguana (Cyclura cychlura inornata and Cyclura cychlura figginsi). We studied populations within and outside the reproductive season and quantified tourist numbers during sample collection. Specifically, we measured clutch size, body condition, plasma energy metabolites, reactive oxygen species, baseline corticosterone concentrations and immune function of male and female iguanas from each population to address whether (i) disparate physiologies are emerging across a gradient of tourism and feeding, (ii) both subspecies respond similarly and (iii) responses vary with season/reproductive condition. We found significant effects of tourism level, season and their interaction on the physiology of both C. c. inornata and C. c. figginsi, supporting the idea that tourism is leading to the divergence of phenotypes. Specifically, we found elevated plasma energy metabolites, oxidative stress and a measure of innate immunity (bactericidal ability), but reduced corticosterone concentrations with increasing tourism in both subspecies of rock iguanas. These physiological metrics differ according to the level of tourism in both subspecies and persist across seasons despite variation with natural seasonal and reproductive changes. These findings suggest that anthropogenic disturbance results in disparate physiologies in northern Bahamian rock iguanas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah S French
- Corresponding author: Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA. Tel: (435)797-9175.
| | | | | | - John B Iverson
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
| | - Dale F DeNardo
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Erin L Lewis
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
- Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Charles R Knapp
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
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Lemaire J, Bustamante P, Mangione R, Marquis O, Churlaud C, Brault-Favrou M, Parenteau C, Brischoux F. Lead, mercury, and selenium alter physiological functions in wild caimans (Caiman crocodilus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117549. [PMID: 34438486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants affect ecosystems worldwide and have deleterious effects on biota. Non-essential mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) concentrations are well documented in some taxa and are described to cause multiple detrimental effects on human and wildlife. Additionally, essential selenium (Se) is known to be toxic at high concentrations but, at lower concentrations, Se can protect organisms against Hg toxicity. Crocodilians are known to bioaccumulate contaminants. However, the effects of these contaminants on physiological processes remain poorly studied. In the present study, we quantified Hg, Pb and Se concentrations in spectacled caimans (Caiman crocodilus) and investigated the effects of these contaminants on several physiological processes linked to osmoregulatory, hepatic, endocrine and renal functions measured through blood parameters in 23 individuals. Mercury was related to disruption of osmoregulation (sodium levels), hepatic function (alkaline phosphatase levels) and endocrine processes (corticosterone levels). Lead was related to disruption of hepatic functions (glucose and alanine aminotransferase levels). Selenium was not related to any parameters, but the Se:Hg molar ratio was positively related to the Na+ and corticosterone concentrations, suggesting a potential protective effect against Hg toxicity. Overall, our results suggest that Hg and Pb alter physiological mechanisms in wild caimans and highlight the need to thoroughly investigate the consequences of trace element contamination in crocodilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Lemaire
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rosanna Mangione
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, CH-3032, Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Marquis
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Parc Zoologique de Paris, 53 Avenue de Saint Maurice, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Carine Churlaud
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Maud Brault-Favrou
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Charline Parenteau
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
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Hudson SB, Virgin EE, Kepas ME, French SS. Energy expenditure across immune challenge severities in a lizard: consequences for innate immunity, locomotor performance and oxidative status. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:271845. [PMID: 34402514 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reptiles, like other vertebrates, rely on immunity to defend themselves from infection. The energetic cost of an immune response is liable to scale with infection severity, prompting constraints on other self-maintenance traits if immune prioritization exceeds energy budget. In this study, adult male side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) were injected with saline (control) or high (20 µg g-1 body mass) or low (10 µg g-1 body mass) concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate bacterial infections of discrete severities. The costs and consequences of the immune response were assessed through comparisons of change in resting metabolic rate (RMR), energy metabolites (glucose, glycerol, triglycerides), innate immunity (bactericidal ability), sprint speed and oxidative status (antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen metabolites). High-LPS lizards had the lowest glucose levels and greatest sprint reductions, while their RMR and bactericidal ability were similar to those of control lizards. Low-LPS lizards had elevated RMR and bactericidal ability, but glucose levels and sprint speed changes between those of high-LPS and control lizards. Levels of glycerol, triglycerides, reactive oxygen metabolites and antioxidant capacity did not differ by treatment. Taken together, energy expenditure for the immune response varies in a non-linear fashion with challenge severity, posing consequences for performance and self-maintenance processes in a reptile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B Hudson
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA.,Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA
| | - Emily E Virgin
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA.,Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA
| | - Megen E Kepas
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA.,Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA
| | - Susannah S French
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA.,Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA
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Caracalas HE, French SS, Hudson SB, Kluever BM, Webb AC, Eifler D, Lehmicke AJ, Aubry LM. Reproductive trade-offs in the colorado checkered whiptail lizard (Aspidoscelis neotesselatus): an examination of the relationship between clutch and follicle size. Evol Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-021-10131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Kelley S, Farrell TM, Lind CM. Validating the Use of a Quick-Read Glucometer to Assess the Glycemic Response to Short-Term Capture Stress in Two Species of Snake, Nerodia sipedon and Sistrurus miliarius. ICHTHYOLOGY & HERPETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1643/h2020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Kelley
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Stockton University, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, New Jersey 08205; (SK) ; and (CML) . Send reprint requests to CML
| | - Terence M. Farrell
- Department of Biology, Stetson University, 421 North Woodland Boulevard, DeLand, Florida 32723;
| | - Craig M. Lind
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Stockton University, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, New Jersey 08205; (SK) ; and (CML) . Send reprint requests to CML
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11
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Madelaire CB, Zena LA, Dillon D, Silva DP, Hunt KE, Loren Buck C, Bícego KC, Gomes FR. Who rules over immunology? Sseasonal variation in body temperature,, steroid hormones, and immune variables in a tegu lizard. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:1867-1880. [PMID: 34022037 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors can influence the immune response of ectothermic vertebrates, including body temperature, gonadal steroids, and seasonality, in ways that are thought to reflect trade-offs between energetic investment in immunity vs. reproduction. Hibernating tegu lizards (Salvator merianae) are a unique model to investigate how immunocompetence might be influenced by different factors during their annual cycle. We assessed immunological measures (plasma bacterial killing ability, total and differential leukocyte count), plasma hormone levels (testosterone in males, estradiol and progesterone in females, and corticosterone in both sexes), body temperature, and body condition from adult tegus during each stage of their annual cycle: reproduction, post-reproduction/preparation for hibernation, and hibernation. Our hypothesis that immune traits present higher values during the reproductive phase, and a sharp decrease during hibernation, was partially supported. Immune variables did not change between life history stages, except for total number of leukocytes, which was higher at the beginning of the reproductive season (September) in both males and females. Average body temperature of the week prior to sampling was positively correlated with number of eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and azurophils, corroborating other studies showing that when animals maintain a high Tb, there is an increase in immune activity. Surprisingly, no clear relationship between immune traits and gonadal steroids or corticosterone levels was observed, even when including life history stage in the model. When gonadal hormones peaked in males and females, heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (which often elevates during physiological stress) also increased. Additionally, we did not observe any trade-off between reproduction and immunity traits, sex differences in immune traits or a correlation between body condition and immune response. Our results suggest that variation in patterns of immune response and correlations with body condition and hormone secretion across the year can depend upon the specific hormone and immune trait, and that experienced Tb is an important variable determining immune response in ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Madelaire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 1899 S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Trav. 14 da Rua do Matão, 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Zena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 1899 S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Trav. 14 da Rua do Matão, 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.,Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle Dillon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 1899 S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Diego P Silva
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation & George Mason University, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Kathleen E Hunt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 1899 S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - C Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 1899 S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Kênia C Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Gomes
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Trav. 14 da Rua do Matão, 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
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12
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Aubry LM, Hudson SB, Kluever BM, Webb AC, French SS. Competing reproductive and physiological investments in an all-female lizard, the Colorado checkered whiptail. Evol Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-020-10081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hudson SB, Lidgard AD, French SS. Glucocorticoids, energy metabolites, and immunity vary across allostatic states for plateau side‐blotched lizards (
Uta stansburiana uniformis
) residing in a heterogeneous thermal environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:732-743. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B. Hudson
- Department of Biology Utah State University Logan Utah USA
- Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah USA
| | | | - Susannah S. French
- Department of Biology Utah State University Logan Utah USA
- Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah USA
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Carr JA, Harris BN. The role of ecological tradeoffs in the evolution of endocrine function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 295:113509. [PMID: 32464139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, United States.
| | - Breanna N Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, United States
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