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Vargas-Chacoff L, Nualart D, Vargas-Lagos C, Dann F, Muñoz JL, Pontigo JP. Tryptophan and Cortisol Modulate the Kynurenine and Serotonin Transcriptional Pathway in the Kidney of Oncorhynchus kisutch. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3562. [PMID: 38003180 PMCID: PMC10668775 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture fish are kept for long periods in sea cages or tanks. Consequently, accumulated stress causes the fish to present serious problems with critical economic losses. Fish food has been supplemented to reduce this stress, using many components as amino acids such as tryptophan. This study aims to determine the transcriptional effect of tryptophan and cortisol on primary cell cultures of salmon head and posterior kidney. Our results indicate activation of the kynurenine pathway and serotonin activity when stimulated with tryptophan and cortisol. An amount of 95% of tryptophan is degraded by the kynurenine pathway, indicating the relevance of knowing how this pathway is activated and if stress levels associated with fish culture trigger its activation. Additionally, it is essential to know the consequence of increasing kynurenic acid "KYNA" levels in the short and long term, and even during the fish ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Peces, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.N.); (F.D.)
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Integrative Biology Group, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Daniela Nualart
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Peces, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.N.); (F.D.)
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Escuela de Graduados, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Carolina Vargas-Lagos
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile;
| | - Francisco Dann
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Peces, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.N.); (F.D.)
| | - José Luis Muñoz
- Centro i~Mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile;
| | - Juan Pablo Pontigo
- Laboratorio Institucional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile;
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Qu A, Bai Y, Zhang X, Zeng J, Pu F, Wu L, Xu P, Zhou T. Tissue-Specific Analysis of Alternative Splicing Events and Differential Isoform Expression in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) After Cryptocaryon irritans Infection. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:640-654. [PMID: 35624193 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is one of the most important mariculture fish in China. Recently, cryptocaryonosis caused by Cryptocryon irritans infection has brought huge economic losses and threatens the healthy and sustainable development of the L. crocea industry. However, the molecular mechanism and regulation process for L. crocea resistance to C. irritans infection has not been fully researched. Alternative splicing (AS) is an important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that allows cells to produce transcriptional and proteomic diversity. The results of AS are tissue dependent, and the expression of tissue-specific transcription subtype genes is determined by AS and transcriptional regulation. However, studies on the tissue specificity of AS events in L. crocea following infection with C. irritans have not been performed. In this study, the L. crocea were artificially infected with C. irritans; their skin and gill were collected at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h post infection. After sequencing and differential expression analysis, a set of 452, 692, 934, 711, 534, and 297 differential alternative splicing (DAS) events were identified in 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h post infection respectively. Furthermore, 4160 differentially expressed isoforms (DEIs) and 4209 DEI genes were identified from all time point groups. GO enrichment and pathway analysis indicated that many genes of DAS and DEIs were rich in immune-related GO terms and KEGG pathways, such as the Toll and Imd signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Among hub DEI genes, alternative splicing-related genes (cwc25, prpf8, and sf3a3), skin function-related gene (fa2h), and oxygen deprivation-related gene (hyo1) were found in DEI genes. This study provided insight into the temporal change of DAS and DEIs between skin and gill of L. crocea against C. irritans infection and revealed that these differences might play immune-related roles in the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yulin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Junjia Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Linni Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352130, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352130, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Wang X, Meng W, Qi X, Li Y, Li J, Lyu L, Li J, Yao Y, Yan S, Zuo C, Xie S, Wen H. Molecular characterization and expression patterns of glucocorticoid receptors in the viviparous black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 316:113947. [PMID: 34848189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors associated with anti-inflammation, stress, metabolism and gonadal development. In this study, two gr genes (gr1 and gr2) were cloned and analyzed from a viviparous teleost, black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). The phylogenetic analysis of GRs showed that GR1 and GR2 clustered into teleost GR1 and GR2 separately and differed from the GRs of tetrapods or basal ray-finned fishes. Black rockfish GRs possess four modular domains of the nuclear receptor superfamily: an N-terminal domain (NTD), a DNA-binding domain (DBD), a hinge region (HR) and a ligand-binding domain (LBD). Nine conserved amino acid inserts were found in the GR1 DBD, and the ligand cavity-related amino acids of GR1 and GR2 LBD were slightly different. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that grs was widely expressed in various tissues, while cyp11b was mainly expressed in the testis and head kidney. The cyp11b transcripts were localized in the interrenal glands of the head kidney, the main source of cortisol; grs transcripts were detected in oocytes, the follicle layer and the ovarian wall. Histologically, significant blood vessel dilation was observed in the fetal membrane during or after parturition of black rockfish. The highest levels of serum cortisol and ovarian cyp11b mRNA were detected in parturition. In addition, the relative expression level of gr1 was upregulated significantly after delivery, while the levels of gr2 showed no significant change. In addition, in vitro GC treatment inhibited the expression of il1b but significantly upregulated the transcription of il1r1. These data provide evidence that GRs are likely to work as anti-inflammatory factors by inhibiting the functions of pro-inflammatory factors in the parturition of black rockfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yijia Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Shaojing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Chenpeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Songyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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He L, Shi X, Zeng X, Zhou F, Lan T, Chen M, Han K. Characterization of the glucocorticoid receptor of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and its expression in response to salinity and immune stressors. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 265:111124. [PMID: 34863943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroidal hormones critical to stress responses in vertebrates. To gain further insight into the role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in acute stress responses in teleost fish, the relevant cDNA of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea; LcGR) was cloned using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. Multiple alignment of the amino acids (aa) of LcGR and the GR of other teleosts indicated LcGR contained four commonly conserved domains and lacked the 9-aa insert seen in GR1. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed that LcGR grouped most closely with the GR2 of other teleosts and can therefore be considered a GR2 subtype. In healthy L. crocea, Lcgr mRNA was found to be expressed at high levels in the gill, brain, and muscle tissue, expressed at intermediate levels in heart and stomach tissue, and expressed at low levels in the kidney, intestine, head kidney, liver, and spleen tissue. The response of L. crocea to acute low-salinity stress was tested, with a significant increase in plasma cortisol concentration after 3 h, peaking after 6 h, and gradually returning to base levels. Regarding changes of Lcgr expression in different body tissues under the stress, there was up-regulation of the Lcgr transcript in the brain, liver, and gill tissues, but not in muscle tissue. Responses to pathogen mimics were also tested. Injection with lipopolysaccharide resulted in Lcgr expression, with an increase-decrease-increase trend in the head kidney. In contrast, a down-regulation of Lcgr expression in the head kidney was observed throughout the experimental period upon injection of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, revealing different roles of Lcgr for different types of pathogens. The results offer novel insights about the effects of different stressors on GR gene expression in L. crocea, and can facilitate further investigations into stress responses in other mariculture fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyin He
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China.
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Xianyuan Zeng
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Fengfang Zhou
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Tianzheng Lan
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Maosen Chen
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Kunhuang Han
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China.
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