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DiGeronimo PM, Weber ESP. Thyroid Disease of Fishes. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2025; 28:193-207. [PMID: 39414477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
The paraphyletic group referred to as fishes represents several extant and extinct classes that demonstrate the greatest diversity and abundance of any of the vertebrates on the Earth. Anatomically and physiologically, the systems of fish are comparable to those of other vertebrates and the thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis are no exceptions. This article reviews the current literature on thyroid endocrinology of elasmobranch and teleost fishes with an emphasis on relevance to clinical management and highlights some of the anatomic and physiologic differences of the HPT axis in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Scott P Weber
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1275 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Ka Y, Lee I, Ji K. Thyroid and growth hormone endocrine disruption and mechanisms of homosalate and octisalate using wild-type, thrαa -/-, and dre-miR-499 -/- zebrafish embryo/larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 286:117170. [PMID: 39413646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Homosalate (HS) and octisalate (OS), which are used in sunscreen for the purpose of blocking ultraviolet rays, are frequently detected in water environment. Although effects on estrogens and androgens have been reported, studies on thyroid and growth hormone endocrine disruption are limited. In the present study, larval mortality was compared in wild-type and two knockout fish (thyroid hormone receptor alpha a knockout (thrαa-/-) and dre-miR-499 knockout (dre-miR-499-/-)) after 96 h of exposure to HS and OS (0, 0.003, 0.03, 0.3, 3, 30 and 300 µg/L). To investigate the mechanisms of thyroid and growth hormone endocrine disruption, we measured the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the regulation of representative genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and GH/IGF axis in wild-type zebrafish exposed to target chemicals. The significantly lower larval survival rate of thrαa-/- and dre-miR-499-/- fish exposed to 300 μg/L of HS and OS suggest that thyroid hormone receptors and dre-miR-499 play a crucial role in the toxic effects of HS and OS. The finding of a significant increase in T3 and T4 in zebrafish larvae exposed to HS and OS supports a significant decrease in the crh gene. The reduction of GH and IGF-1 in fish exposed to HS and OS is well supported by the regulation of genes involved in the GH/IGF axis. Our observations suggest that exposure to HS and OS affects not only thyroid hormone receptors and their associated miRNAs, but also the feedback routes of HPT and GH/IGF axes, ultimately leading to growth reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Ka
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Natural Sciences, Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea.
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Shen X, Zhao X, He H, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Yin H. Transcriptome profiling reveals SLC5A5 regulates chicken ovarian follicle granulosa cell proliferation, apoptosis, and steroid hormone synthesis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103241. [PMID: 37980745 PMCID: PMC10685034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The egg-laying performance of hens holds significant economic importance within the poultry industry. Broody inheritance of the parent stock of chickens can result in poor options for the improvement of egg production, and is a phenomenon influenced by multiple genetic factors. However, few studies have been conducted to delineate the molecular mechanism of ovarian regression in brooding chickens. Here, we explored the pivotal genes responsible for the regulation of ovarian follicles in laying hens, using RNA-sequencing analysis on the small ovarian follicles from broody and laying chickens. Sequencing data analysis revealed the differential expression of 200 genes, with a predominant enrichment in biological processes related to cell activation and metabolism. Among these genes, we focused on solute carrier family 5 member 5 (SLC5A5), which exhibited markedly higher RNA expression levels in follicles from laying compared with broody chickens. Subsequent cellular function studies with knockdown of SLC5A5 in chicken ovarian follicle granulosa cells (GCs) led to the down-regulation of genes associated with cell proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis, and concurrent promotion of gene expression linked to apoptosis. These findings indicated that SLC5A5 deficiency led to the inhibition of proliferation, steroid hormone synthesis and secretion, and promotion of apoptosis in chicken GCs. Our study demonstrated a pivotal role for SLC5A5 in the development and function of chicken GCs, shedding light on its potential significance in the broader context of chicken ovarian follicle development, and providing a prospective target to improve the egg-laying performance of chickens via molecular marker-assisted breeding technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haorong He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Ka Y, Ji K. Waterborne exposure to avobenzone and octinoxate induces thyroid endocrine disruption in wild-type and thrαa -/- zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:948-955. [PMID: 35622199 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Avobenzone and octinoxate are frequently used as organic ultraviolet filters, and these chemicals are widely detected in water. This study evaluated the potential of avobenzone and octinoxate to disrupt thyroid endocrine system in wild-type and thyroid hormone receptor alpha a knockout (thrαa-/-) zebrafish embryo/larvae. Following a 120 h exposure to various concentrations of avobenzone and octinoxate, larvae mortality and developmental toxicity in wild-type and thrαa-/- fish were assessed. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels as well as transcriptional levels of ten genes associated with the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were measured in wild-type fish. Significantly lower larvae survival rate in thrαa-/- fish exposed to ≥3 μM avobenzone and octinoxate suggests that the thyroid hormone receptor plays a crucial role in the toxic effects of avobenzone and octinoxate. A significant increase in the deio2 gene level in avobenzone-exposed zebrafish supports the result of an increased ratio of T3 to T4. Significant decrease of T4 level with upregulation of trh, tshβ, and tshr genes indicates feedback in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to maintain hormonal homeostasis. Our observation indicates that exposure to avobenzone and octinoxate affects the thyroid hormone receptor and the feedback mechanisms of the HPT axis. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Ka
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea.
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Kim H, Ji K. Effects of tetramethyl bisphenol F on thyroid and growth hormone-related endocrine systems in zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113516. [PMID: 35483140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trimethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF) has recently been used as a bisphenol A substitute in polymer coatings for metal cans containing beverages or food. This study investigated whether TMBPF disrupts the endocrine system associated with thyroid hormones and growth hormones employing zebrafish embryos and larvae. After 14 days of exposure, body weight was significantly reduced when zebrafish were exposed to a TMBPF concentration greater than 50 μg/L. The triiodothyronine levels were significantly increased, while growth hormone levels were significantly decreased in larvae exposed to 5 μg/L TMBPF. The transcription of genes associated with thyroid hormone production (trα, tpo, tg, and nis), deiodination (deio2), growth hormone production (gh1, ghrh, and ghra), and insulin-like growth factor (igf2a, igf2b, igf2r, igfbp1a, igfbp1b, igfbp2a, igfbp2b, and igfbp5a) was significantly upregulated, whereas the transcription of genes association with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh and trhr1) was significantly downregulated. These results suggest that hyperthyroidism, decrease in growth hormone, and regulation of genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor might be responsible for the observed growth inhibition in larvae exposed to TMBPF. The bioaccumulation of TMBPF and its effects on the endocrine system after chronic exposure requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunggyu Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea.
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