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Ma TF, Huang JN, Wen B, Gao JZ, Chen ZZ. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of C-type lectins in discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) during parental care. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109291. [PMID: 38104702 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) exhibit a unique parental care behavior: adult discus produces secretion through their skin, on which the larvae live after birth. The immune components in the skin mucus of parental discus would change during different parental care. C-type lectins (CTLs) could identify and eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and play important roles in innate immunity. Studies on CTLs of discus fish especially during parental care, however, are scarce. Here, we identified 186 CTL genes that distributed in 27 linkage groups based on discus genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. aequifasciatus CTL (SaCTL) members were grouped into 14 subfamilies. A total of 80 gene replication events occurred, of which 15 pairs were subjected to segmental duplication and 65 pairs underwent tandem duplication. Ka/Ks ranged from 0.11 (SaCTL25/SaCTL158) to 0.68 (SaCTL36/SaCTL69), all undergoing purifying selection. RNA-seq analysis revealed that SaCTL members, including duplicated genes, in the skin of parental discus show distinct expression patterns in different care stages and between male and female parents. The SaCTL11 was differentially expressed in most care stages and reached the maximum after eggs spawned, but the expression of its paired SaCTL14 was low in each stage. The SaCTL39 increased first and then decreased, reaching a peak in eggs spawned, while paired SaCTL48 first decreased and then increased, reaching a peak in hatched eggs. The SaCTL50 was differentially expressed only in female fish during care, but not in male fish. These results provide new insights into the evolution and potential functional differentiation of CTLs in discus fish during parental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun-Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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