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Elshaer SE, Hamad GM, Sobhy SE, Darwish AMG, Baghdadi HH, H Abo Nahas H, El-Demerdash FM, Kabeil SSA, Altamimi AS, Al-Olayan E, Alsunbul M, Docmac OK, Jaremko M, Hafez EE, Saied EM. Supplementation of Saussurea costus root alleviates sodium nitrite-induced hepatorenal toxicity by modulating metabolic profile, inflammation, and apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378249. [PMID: 38881874 PMCID: PMC11177093 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a widely used food ingredient, although excessive concentrations can pose potential health risks. In the present study, we evaluated the deterioration effects of NaNO2 additives on hematology, metabolic profile, liver function, and kidney function of male Wistar rats. We further explored the therapeutic potential of supplementation with S. costus root ethanolic extract (SCREE) to improve NaNO2-induced hepatorenal toxicity. In this regard, 65 adult male rats were divided into eight groups; Group 1: control, Groups 2, 3, and 4 received SCREE in 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively, Group 5: NaNO2 (6.5 mg/kg body weight), Groups 6, 7 and 8 received NaNO2 (6.5 mg/kg body weight) in combination with SCREE (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight), respectively. Our results revealed that the NaNO2-treated group shows a significant change in deterioration in body and organ weights, hematological parameters, lipid profile, and hepatorenal dysfunction, as well as immunohistochemical and histopathological alterations. Furthermore, the NaNO2-treated group demonstrated a considerable increase in the expression of TNF-α cytokine and tumor suppressor gene P53 in the kidney and liver, while a significant reduction was detected in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and the apoptosis suppressor gene BCL-2, compared to the control group. Interestingly, SCREE administration demonstrated the ability to significantly alleviate the toxic effects of NaNO2 and improve liver function in a dose-dependent manner, including hematological parameters, lipid profile, and modulation of histopathological architecture. Additionally, SCREE exhibited the ability to modulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes in the liver and kidney. The phytochemical analysis revealed a wide set of primary metabolites in SCREE, including phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, saponins and tannins, while the untargeted UPLC/T-TOF-MS/MS analysis identified 183 metabolites in both positive and negative ionization modes. Together, our findings establish the potential of SCREE in mitigating the toxic effects of NaNO2 by modulating metabolic, inflammatory, and apoptosis. Together, this study underscores the promise of SCREE as a potential natural food detoxifying additive to counteract the harmful impacts of sodium nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy E Elshaer
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gamal M Hamad
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherien E Sobhy
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira M Galal Darwish
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
- Food Industry Technology Program, Faculty of Industrial and Energy Technology, Borg Al Arab Technological University (BATU), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda H Baghdadi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sanaa S A Kabeil
- Department of Protein Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdulmalik S Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alsunbul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences., College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaima Kamel Docmac
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Essa M Saied
- Chemistry Department (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Cong XY, He JY, Shu TY, Chen H, Feng Y, Su LH, Xu M. Undescribed amino acid-sesquiterpene lactone adducts and sesquiterpene glycosides from the roots of Saussurea lappa and their anti-HBV activity. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105570. [PMID: 37321417 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Saussurea lappa (Asteraceae family), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been found to possess anti-inflammatory, immune-promoting, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-HBV, cholestatic, and hepatoprotective activities. Herein, two undescribed amino acid-sesquiterpene lactone adducts, saussureamines G and H (1 and 2), and two new sesquiterpene glycosides, saussunosids F and G (3 and 4), along with 26 known sesquiterpenoids (5-30) have been isolated from the roots of S. lappa. Their structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were established by physical data analyses such as HRESIMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR and ECD calculations. All isolated compounds were tested for anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) activity. Ten compounds (5, 6, 12, 13, 17, 19, 23, 26, 29, and 30) exhibited activities against the secretions of HBsAg and HBeAg. In particular, compound 6 showed inhibition of HBsAg and HBeAg secretion with IC50 values of 11.24 and 15.12 μM, with SI values of 1.25 and 0.93, respectively. Molecular docking studies were also conducted on the anti-HBV compounds. Overall, this study provides insights into the potential therapeutic uses of the compounds found in the roots of S. lappa, particularly in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Cong
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jing-Yi He
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Teng-Yun Shu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Hua Su
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming 650500, China.
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Kaur R, Pathania S, Kajal M, Thakur V, Kaur J, Singh K. Integrated analysis of smRNAome, transcriptome, and degradome data to decipher microRNAs regulating costunolide biosynthesis in Saussurea lappa. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 331:111689. [PMID: 36965630 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Saussurea lappa (S. lappa) has been known to synthesize medicinally important, costunolide. Due to its immense therapeutic importance, understanding of regulatory mechanism associated with its biosynthesis is crucial. The identification of genes and transcription factors (TFs) in S. lappa, created a clear picture of costunolide biosynthesis pathways. Further to understand the regulation of costunolide biosynthesis by miRNAs, an integrated study of transcriptome, miRNAs, and degradome was performed. Identified candidate miRNAs and associated feed-forward loops (FFLs) illustrates their regulatory role in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Small RNA and degradome sequencing were performed for leaf and root tissues to determine miRNAs-targets pairs. A total of 711 and 525 such targets were obtained for novel and known miRNAs respectively. This data was used to generate costunolide-specific miRNA-TF-gene interactome to perform systematic analyses through graph theoretical approach. Interestingly, miR171c.1 and sla-miR121 were identified as key regulators to connect and co-regulate both mevalonate and sesquiterpenoid pathways to bio-synthesize costunolide. Tissue-specific FFLs were identified to be involved in costunolide biosynthesis which further suggests the evolutionary co-relation of root-specific networks in synthesis of secondary metabolites in addition to leaf-specific networks. This integrative approach allowed us to determine candidate miRNAs and associated tissue-specific motifs involved in the diversification of secondary metabolites. MiRNAs identified in present study can provide alternatives for bioengineering tool to enhance the synthesis of costunolide and other secondary metabolites in S. lappa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Shivalika Pathania
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Monika Kajal
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vasundhara Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Tyagi P, Singh D, Mathur S, Singh A, Ranjan R. Upcoming progress of transcriptomics studies on plants: An overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030890. [PMID: 36589087 PMCID: PMC9798009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome sequencing or RNA-Sequencing is a high-resolution, sensitive and high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach used to study non-model plants and other organisms. In other words, it is an assembly of RNA transcripts from individual or whole samples of functional and developmental stages. RNA-Seq is a significant technique for identifying gene predictions and mining functional analysis that improves gene ontology understanding mechanisms of biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components, but there is limited information available on this topic. Transcriptomics research on different types of plants can assist researchers to understand functional genes in better ways and regulatory processes to improve breeding selection and cultivation practices. In recent years, several advancements in RNA-Seq technology have been made for the characterization of the transcriptomes of distinct cell types in biological tissues in an efficient manner. RNA-Seq technologies are briefly introduced and examined in terms of their scientific applications. In a nutshell, it introduces all transcriptome sequencing and analysis techniques, as well as their applications in plant biology research. This review will focus on numerous existing and forthcoming strategies for improving transcriptome sequencing technologies for functional gene mining in various plants using RNA- Seq technology, based on the principles, development, and applications.
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Hu Y, Zhang H, Sun J, Li W, Li Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis of different tissues of Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. (Polygonaceae) reveals putative genes involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210407. [PMID: 36150022 PMCID: PMC9505757 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheum tanguticum is a perennial herb and an important medicinal
plant, with anthraquinones as its main bioactive compounds. However, the
specific pathway of anthraquinone biosynthesis in rhubarb is still unclear. The
accumulation of anthraquinones in different tissues (root, leaf, stem and seed)
of R. tanguticum revealed considerable variation, suggesting
possible differences in metabolite biosynthetic pathways and accumulation among
various tissues. To better illustrate the biosynthetic pathway of
anthraquinones, we assembled transcriptome sequences from the root, leaf, stem
and seed tissues yielding 157,564 transcripts and 88,142 unigenes. Putative
functions could be assigned to 56,911 unigenes (64.57%) based on BLAST searches
against annotation databases, including GO, KEGG, Swiss-Prot, NR, and Pfam. In
addition, putative genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of anthraquinone
were identified. The expression profiles of nine unigenes involved in
anthraquinone biosynthesis were verified in different tissues of R.
tanguticum by qRT-PCR. Various transcription factors, including
bHLH, MYB_related, and C2H2, were identified by searching unigenes against
plantTFDB. This is the first transcriptome analysis of different tissues of
R. tanguticum and can be utilized to describe the genes
involved in the biosynthetic pathway of anthraquiones, understanding the
molecular mechanism of active compounds in R. tanguticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Hu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Huixuan Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Xining, China.,Scientific Research and Popularization Base of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biology, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
| | - Yi Li
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
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Liu C, Pan J, Yin ZG, Feng T, Zhao J, Dong X, Zhou Y. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis in Radix Ardisia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13670. [PMID: 35789656 PMCID: PMC9250311 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radix Ardisia (Jab Bik Lik Jib) is a common Miao medicine and is widely distributed in the Guizhou region of southern China. The botanical origin of Radix Ardisia includes the dry root and rhizome of Ardisia Crenata Sims (ACS) or Ardisia Crispa (Thunb.) A.DC. (AC), which are closely related species morphologically. However, the secondary metabolites in their roots are different from one another, especially the flavonoids, and these differences have not been thoroughly explored at the molecular level. This project preliminarily identified regulatory molecular mechanisms in the biosynthetic pathways of the flavonoids between ACS and AC using a multi-omics association analysis. Methods In this study, we determined the total levels of saponin, flavonoid, and phenolic in Radix Ardisia from different origins. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEM). We also performed conjoint analyses on DEGs and DEMs to ascertain the degree pathways, and explore the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Results The total flavonoid and phenolic levels in ACS were significantly higher than in AC (P < 0.05). There were 17,685 DEGs between ACS vs. AC, 8,854 were upregulated and 8,831 were downregulated. Based on this, we continued to study the gene changes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and 100 DEGs involving flavonoid biosynthesis were differentially expressed in ACS and AC. We validated the accuracy of the RNA-seq data using qRT-PCR. Metabolomic analyses showed that 11 metabolites were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis including: Naringenin, Luteolin, Catechin, and Quercetin. A conjoint analysis of the genome-wide connection network revealed the differences in the types and levels of flavonoid compounds between ACS and AC. The correlation analysis showed that Naringenin, Luteolin, Catechin, and Quercetin were more likely to be key compounds in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway also including 4CL, AOMT, CHS, CHI, DFR, F3'5'H, FLS, and LAR. Conclusions This study provides useful information for revealing the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and the regulatory relationship between metabolites and genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Radix Ardisia from different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yin
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiehong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiu Dong
- Guizhou Sanli Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Guo J, Huang Z, Sun J, Cui X, Liu Y. Research Progress and Future Development Trends in Medicinal Plant Transcriptomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:691838. [PMID: 34394145 PMCID: PMC8355584 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.691838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomics is one of the most popular topics in biology in recent times. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a high-throughput, high-sensitivity, and high-resolution technique that can be used to study model and non-model organisms. Transcriptome sequencing is also an important method for studying the genomes of medicinal plants, a topic on which limited information is available. The study of medicinal plants through transcriptomics can help researchers analyze functional genes and regulatory mechanisms of medicinal plants and improve breeding selection and cultivation techniques. This article analyzes and compares the applications of transcriptome sequencing in medicinal plants over the past decade and briefly introduces the methods of transcriptome sequencing and analysis, their applications in medicinal plant research, and potential development trends. We will focus on the research and application progress of transcriptome sequencing in the following four areas: the mining of functional genes in medicinal plants, development of molecular markers, biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites, and developmental mechanisms of medicinal plants. Our review will provide ideas for the mining of functional genes of medicinal plants and breeding new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Yuxi Walvax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yuxi, China
| | - Jialing Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Famous-Region Drug, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Famous-Region Drug, Kunming, China
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Song C, Li X, Jia B, Liu L, Ou J, Han B. De novo Transcriptome Sequencing Coupled With Co-expression Analysis Reveal the Transcriptional Regulation of Key Genes Involved in the Formation of Active Ingredients in Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn Under Bolting Period. Front Genet 2021; 12:683037. [PMID: 34194480 PMCID: PMC8236723 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.683037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn is a perennial and one-off flowering plant of the Peucedanum genus in Umbelliferae. The cultivated P. praeruptorum Dunn usually grows nutritionally in the first year and then moves into the reproductive growth in the second year. The lignification of the roots caused by bolting leads to the quality decline of crude materials. Since most of the previous studies have dealt with coumarin biosynthesis and identification of functional genes in P. praeruptorum, the scientific connotation of the inability that the bolted P. praeruptorum cannot be used medically is still unclear. Here, we employed a transcriptome sequencing combined with coexpression analysis to unearth the regulation mechanism of key genes related to coumarin synthesis in pre- and postbolting period, and to explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of bolting on the formation and transport of coumarins between the annual and biennial plants. Six cDNA libraries were constructed, and the transcripts were sequenced and assembled by Illumina Hiseq platform. A total of 336,505 unigenes were obtained from 824,129 non-redundant spliced transcripts. Unigenes (114,488) were annotated to the NCBI nr database, 119,017 and 10,475 unigenes were aligned to Gene Ontology (GO) functional groups and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, respectively. Differential expression analysis screened out a series of upregulated and downregulated genes related to the phenylpropanoid pathway. The heatmap clustering showed that the similar expression patterns were both observed in groups C vs. D and groups C vs. F. The WGCNA-based coexpression was performed to elucidate the module and trait relationship to unearth important genes related to the bolting process. Seven pivotal modules on the KEGG functional annotations suggested these genes were mainly enriched in the process of plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, α-linolenic acid metabolism, circadian rhythm, and phenylpropanoid pathway. Further analysis provided clues that the key genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, the ABC transporters, the apoptosis-related and circadian rhythm regulatory genes may play pivotal roles in regulating bolting signaling, biosynthesis, and transportation of coumarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinmei Ou
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Ansari MA, Badrealam KF, Alam A, Tufail S, Khalique G, Equbal MJ, Alzohairy MA, Almatroudi A, Alomary MN, Pottoo FH. Recent Nano-based Therapeutic Intervention of Bioactive Sesquiterpenes: Prospects in Cancer Therapeutics. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1138-1144. [PMID: 31951164 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200116151522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the recent scenario, nanotechnology-based therapeutics intervention has gained tremendous impetus all across the globe. Nano-based pharmacological intervention of various bioactive compounds has been explored on an increasing scale. Sesquiterpenes are major constituents of essential oils (EOs) present in various plant species which possess intriguing therapeutic potentials. However, owing to their poor physicochemical properties; they have pharmacological limitations. Recent advances in nano-based therapeutic interventions offer various avenues to improve their therapeutic applicability. Reckoning with these, the present review collates various nano-based therapeutic intervention of sesquiterpenes with prospective potential against various debilitating diseases especially cancer. In our viewpoint, considering the burgeoning advancement in the field of nanomedicine; in the near future, the clinical applicability of these nano-formulated sesquiterpenes can be foreseen with great enthusiasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1881, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khan F Badrealam
- Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana-132001, India
| | - Asrar Alam
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Saba Tufail
- Biochemistry Section, Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh-202002, India
| | - Gulshan Khalique
- School of Sciences, Jain University, Jayanagar, 3rd block, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560041, India
| | - Mohammad J Equbal
- Biomedical Institute for Regenerative Research (BIRR), Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Texas-75429, United States
| | - Mohammad A Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem H Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O Box 1881, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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