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Shi Y, Cui Y, Wudong G, Li S, Yuan Y, Zhao D, Yin S, Diao Z, Li B, Zhou D, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang F, Xie M, Zhao Z, Wang A, Jin Y. Investigation of the Seroprevalence of Brucella Antibodies and Characterization of Field Strains in Immunized Dairy Cows by B. abortus A19. Vet Sci 2024; 11:288. [PMID: 39057972 PMCID: PMC11281660 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11070288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: One method of eradicating brucellosis is to cull cattle that test positive for antibodies 12 months after being vaccinated with the 19-strain vaccine. Variations in immunization regimens and feeding practices may contribute to differences in the rate of persistent antibodies. We conducted this study to investigate the real positive rate of Brucella antibody in field strains of Brucella spp. after immunization over 12 months in dairy cows. This research aims to provide data to support the development of strategies for preventing, controlling, and eradicating brucellosis. (2) Method: We employed the baseline sampling method to collect samples from cows immunized with the A19 vaccine for over 12 months in Lingwu City from 2021 to 2023. Serological detection was conducted using the RBPT method. An established PCR method that could distinguish between 19 and non-19 strains of Brucella was utilized to investigate the field strains of Brucella on 10 dairy farms based on six samples mixed into one using the Mathematical Expectation strategy. (3) Results: We analyzed the rates of individual seropositivity and herd seropositive rates in dairy cattle in Lingwu City from 2021 to 2023 and revealed that antibodies induced by the Brucella abortus strain A19 vaccine persist in dairy herds for more than 12 months. We established a PCR method for identifying both Brucella A19 and non-A19 strains, resulting in the detection of 10 field strains of Brucella abortus from 1537 dairy cows. By employing a Mathematical Expectation strategy, we completed testing of 1537 samples after conducting only 306 tests, thereby reducing the workload by 80.1%. (4) Conclusions: There was a certain proportion of cows with a persistent antibody titer, but there was no evidence that all of these cattle were naturally infected with Brucella. The established PCR method for distinguishing between Brucella abortus strain 19 and non-19 strains can be specifically utilized for detecting natural Brucella infection in immunized cattle. We propose that relying solely on the detection of antibodies in cattle immunized with the A19 vaccine more than 12 months previously should not be solely relied upon as a diagnostic basis for brucellosis, and it is essential to complement this approach with PCR analysis to specifically identify field Brucella spp. Brucella abortus was the predominant strain identified in the field during this study. Detection based on the Mathematical Expectation strategy can significantly enhance detection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yimeng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Gaowa Wudong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Danyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shurong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ziyang Diao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Lingwu City, Lingwu 750400, China;
| | - Zhanlin Wang
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Lingwu City, Lingwu 750400, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Lingwu City, Lingwu 750400, China
| | - Min Xie
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Lingwu City, Lingwu 750400, China
| | - Zehui Zhao
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Lingwu City, Lingwu 750400, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (G.W.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.); (S.Y.); (Z.D.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
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Elrashedy A, Nayel M, Salama A, Zaghawa A, Abdelsalam NR, Hasan ME. Phylogenetic Analysis and Comparative Genomics of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis Strains in Egypt. J Mol Evol 2024; 92:338-357. [PMID: 38809331 PMCID: PMC11169049 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-024-10173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a notifiable disease induced by a facultative intracellular Brucella pathogen. In this study, eight Brucella abortus and eighteen Brucella melitensis strains from Egypt were annotated and compared with RB51 and REV1 vaccines respectively. RAST toolkit in the BV-BRC server was used for annotation, revealing genome length of 3,250,377 bp and 3,285,803 bp, 3289 and 3323 CDS, 48 and 49 tRNA genes, the same number of rRNA (3) genes, 583 and 586 hypothetical proteins, 2697 and 2726 functional proteins for B. abortus and B. melitensis respectively. B. abortus strains exhibit a similar number of candidate genes, while B. melitensis strains showed some differences, especially in the SRR19520422 Faiyum strain. Also, B. melitensis clarified differences in antimicrobial resistance genes (KatG, FabL, MtrA, MtrB, OxyR, and VanO-type) in SRR19520319 Faiyum and (Erm C and Tet K) in SRR19520422 Faiyum strain. Additionally, the whole genome phylogeny analysis proved that all B. abortus strains were related to vaccinated animals and all B. melitensis strains of Menoufia clustered together and closely related to Gharbia, Dameitta, and Kafr Elshiek. The Bowtie2 tool identified 338 (eight B. abortus) and 4271 (eighteen B. melitensis) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along the genomes. These variants had been annotated according to type and impact. Moreover, thirty candidate genes were predicted and submitted at GenBank (24 in B. abortus) and (6 in B. melitensis). This study contributes significant insights into genetic variation, virulence factors, and vaccine-related associations of Brucella pathogens, enhancing our knowledge of brucellosis epidemiology and evolution in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Elrashedy
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Nayel
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Akram Salama
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zaghawa
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Nader R Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Dawood AS, Elrashedy A, Nayel M, Salama A, Guo A, Zhao G, Algharib SA, Zaghawa A, Zubair M, Elsify A, Mousa W, Luo W. Brucellae as resilient intracellular pathogens: epidemiology, host-pathogen interaction, recent genomics and proteomics approaches, and future perspectives. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1255239. [PMID: 37876633 PMCID: PMC10591102 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1255239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is considered one of the most hazardous zoonotic diseases all over the world. It causes formidable economic losses in developed and developing countries. Despite the significant attempts to get rid of Brucella pathogens in many parts of the world, the disease continues to spread widely. Recently, many attempts proved to be effective for the prevention and control of highly contagious bovine brucellosis, which could be followed by others to achieve a prosperous future without rampant Brucella pathogens. In this study, the updated view for worldwide Brucella distribution, possible predisposing factors for emerging Brucella pathogens, immune response and different types of Brucella vaccines, genomics and proteomics approaches incorporated recently in the field of brucellosis, and future perspectives for prevention and control of bovine brucellosis have been discussed comprehensively. So, the current study will be used as a guide for researchers in planning their future work, which will pave the way for a new world without these highly contagious pathogens that have been infecting and threatening the health of humans and terrestrial animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sobhy Dawood
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Elrashedy
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nayel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Akram Salama
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zaghawa
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Muhammed Zubair
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahmed Elsify
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Walid Mousa
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Wanhe Luo
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
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Ibarra M, Campos M, Hernán B, Loor-Giler A, Chamorro A, Nuñez L. Comparison of diagnostic tests for detecting bovine brucellosis in animals vaccinated with S19 and RB51 strain vaccines. Vet World 2023; 16:2080-2085. [PMID: 38023275 PMCID: PMC10668559 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2080-2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in animals vaccinated with strain-19 (S19) and Rose Bengal (RB)-51 strain vaccines can be misinterpreted due to false positives. This study aimed to compare diagnostic tests for detecting bovine brucellosis in animals vaccinated with S19 and RB51 vaccine strains. Materials and Methods Two groups of 12 crossbred Holstein calves between 6 and 8 months of age were used. On day 0, blood samples were collected from the animals, and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for serological diagnosis of bovine Brucellosis. All animals tested negative. After the first blood collection, the animals were subcutaneously vaccinated: one group received the S19 vaccine and the other received the RB51 vaccine. From the 3rd month after vaccination, all animals were sampled. Sampling was repeated every 2 months until the 7th month. Serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis was performed using RB, tube serum agglutination test (SAT), SAT with 2-mercaptoethanol (SAT-2Me), and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA). Results Animals vaccinated with S19 showed positive results with the RB, SAT, and SAT-2Me tests in all months of post-vaccination diagnosis. In animals vaccinated with S19, FPA showed positive results at months 3 and 5 and negative results at month 7, indicating that this test discriminates vaccinated animals from infected animals 7 months after vaccination. Rose Bengal, SAT, SAT-2Me, and FPA tests showed negative results in animals vaccinated with RB51 in all months of diagnosis. Conclusion Animals vaccinated with S19 may test positive for brucellosis using RB, SAT, or SAT-2Me tests 7 months later. Fluorescence polarization assay is an optimal alternative for diagnosing animals in the field, thereby preventing false positives, and consequently, unnecessary confiscations of animals. Animals vaccinated with RB51 tested negative with RB, SAT, SAT-2Me, and FPA tests in all months of diagnosis, confirming that the tests are ineffective for diagnosing brucellosis caused by rough strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ibarra
- Facultad de Industrias Agropecuarias y Ciencias Ambientales, Carrera Agropecuaria, Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi, Antisana S/N y Av Universitaria, Tulcán Ecuador 040102
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Boulevard Ovidio Lagos y Ruta 33 Casilda-Santa Fe-Argentina
| | - Martin Campos
- Facultad de Industrias Agropecuarias y Ciencias Ambientales, Carrera Agropecuaria, Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi, Antisana S/N y Av Universitaria, Tulcán Ecuador 040102
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Boulevard Ovidio Lagos y Ruta 33 Casilda-Santa Fe-Argentina
| | - Benavides Hernán
- Facultad de Industrias Agropecuarias y Ciencias Ambientales, Carrera Agropecuaria, Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi, Antisana S/N y Av Universitaria, Tulcán Ecuador 040102
| | - Anthony Loor-Giler
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Antigua Vía a Nayón S/N, Quito EC 170124 Ecuador
| | - Andrea Chamorro
- Facultad de Industrias Agropecuarias y Ciencias Ambientales, Carrera de Enfermeria, Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi, Antisana S/N y Av Universitaria, Tulcán Ecuador 040102
| | - Luis Nuñez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Américas, Antigua Vía a Nayón S/N, Quito EC 170124 Ecuador
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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Aljanazreh B, Shamseye AA, Abuawad A, Ashhab Y. Genomic distribution of the insertion sequence IS711 reveal a potential role in Brucella genome plasticity and host preference. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105457. [PMID: 37257801 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Insertion Sequence 711 (IS711) is linked to the Brucella genus. Mapping the genomic distribution of IS711 can help understand this insertion element's biological and evolutionary role. This work aimed to delineate the genomic distribution of the IS711 element and to study its association with Brucella evolution. A total of 124 genomes representing 9 Brucella species were searched using BLASTn sequence alignment tool to identify complete and truncated copies of IS711. Based on the genomic context, each IS711 locus was assigned a code using the initial letters of its neighboring genes. Various tools were used to annotate the neighboring genes and determine the shared synteny around orthologous IS711 loci. The tool Islandviewer 4 was used to scan for genomic islands. The Codon Tree method was used to build phylogenetic trees of B. melitensis, B. abortus, and B. suis genomes. The phylogenetic trees of the three species were analyzed, taking into account the genomic distribution patterns of IS711. The result of IS711 frequency analysis showed a relatively conserved number of copies/genome for the different species and for some biovars. The analysis showed that Brucella species with a relatively low IS711 copy number (4-8 copies/genome) are linked to domestic animals as primary hosts and have potential for zoonotic transmission. However, species with a relatively higher copy number (12-30 copies/genome) are less zoonotic and tend to be linked with wild animals as primary hosts. Analyzing the genomic distribution map of IS711 loci showed several unique patterns of IS711 distribution that are correlated with the evolution of Brucella species and biovars. The results also showed that 46.2% of the conserved IS711 elements are located within genomic islands. Based on our results and previous data, we postulate a model explaining the IS711 role in Brucella evolution. We assume that during the transition from a free-living to an intracellular lifestyle, a descendant of the Brucella genus had acquired a progenitor sequence of the IS711. Subsequently, a burst in IS711 transposition occurred. This parasitic expansion can be deleterious and has to be counteracted by evolutionary forces to prevent lineage extension and to promote adaptation to host. Similar to other plasmid-free pathogenic α-Proteobacteria bacteria, the balance of expansion and reduction of insertion elements could be one of the mechanisms to control genome reduction and streamlining. We hypothesize that the IS711-mediated genomic changes and other small sequence nucleotide changes in specific orthologous genes could significantly contribute to Brucella's evolution and adaptation to different animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bessan Aljanazreh
- Palestine-Korea Biotechnology Center, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Assalla Abu Shamseye
- Palestine-Korea Biotechnology Center, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Abdalhalim Abuawad
- Palestine-Korea Biotechnology Center, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Yaqoub Ashhab
- Palestine-Korea Biotechnology Center, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine.
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Owain MS, Hasan MS, Atiyah AG. The Effect of Erythritol Injection in Decreasing of Abortion Rate in Local Breed Ewes. Vet Med Int 2023; 2023:8197703. [PMID: 37143528 PMCID: PMC10154093 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8197703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study designed to evaluate the effect of Erythritol injection in decreasing of abortion rate in local breed ewes. Fifty pregnant ewes from local breed aged 2-4 years with a history of abortion except G1, were fed ad libitum hay and grains with water. The study was carried out in Salah Aldein province at special farm at a period of July-November 2022. These animals were tests for brucella by using rose Bengal and ELISA at zero day for confirmation; these animals were divided into 5 groups: G1 was brucella -ve and pregnant at 60 days, G2 was brucella +ve and pregnant at 60 days, G3 brucella+ve pregnant animals and treated by antibiotics gentamicin 10%, 3 ml/animal for 3 days, G4 brucella +ve and pregnant and giving erythritol, 10 ml S/C of 10% solution (solve in water and glycerol), and G5 was brucella +ve, and all pregnant and giving Erythritol+ gentamycin 10%, 3 ml/animal for 3 days. The experiment takes 12 weeks. Blood was withdrawn at different times of experiment (0, 2 weeks and end of experiment). The seroprevalence of brucellosis was shown that all animals at G4 and G5 where seropositive after 14 days of experiment, at end of pregnancy the seropositivity were highly significantly in G4 and G5 as compared with another groups. The current results showed that percentages of abortion were higher in G2, followed by G3, while it has been reduced significantly in G4 and G1. In conclusion, Erythritol alone can decrease the rate of abortion by making the bacteria extracellular far from placenta and evading of infection by immunity and/or gentamicin injection. Also, erythritol can be used as elicit diagnosis of brucellosis in latent infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Saber Owain
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Mustafa Salah Hasan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq
- Taqaddam Foundation for Research and Strategic Studies, Fallujah, Iraq
| | - Ali Ghazi Atiyah
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Peng Q, Xiang Z, Chen Y, Wang G, Wu X, Guo A, Robertson ID. A case study investigating the effects of emergency vaccination with Brucella abortus A19 vaccine on a dairy farm undergoing an abortion outbreak in China. ANIMAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-022-00056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBrucellosis is an important zoonosis that results in substantial economic losses to the livestock industry through abortions and reduced milk yield. This study investigated an abortion outbreak in a dairy herd and then explored the effects of emergency vaccination with Brucella abortus A19 vaccine on the incidence of abortion and milk yield. A full dose of vaccine (6 × 1010—12 × 1010 colony forming units, CFU) was administered subcutaneously to calves and non-pregnant heifers, and a reduced dose (6 × 108—12 × 108 CFU) to adult cows and pregnant replacement heifers. Rose Bengal Test was used to screen Brucella infection status and then positive samples were tested with a C-ELISA. Animals that tested positive for both tests were considered positive to Brucella spp. The animal-level seroprevalence of brucellosis was 23.1% (95% CI: 17.0, 30.2), and the attributable fraction of abortions in seropositive animals was 89.1% (95% CI: 64.3, 96.7). The odds of seropositivity were significantly higher in cows that aborted compared to cows that calved normally (OR = 21.4, 95% CI: 4.4, 168.4). Cows in sheds A2 and C1 were 10.2 (95% CI: 1.4, 128.0) and 17.0 (95% CI: 2.8, 190.3) times more likely to be seropositive than cows in shed B1. Antibodies were not detectable in most heifers 12 months post-vaccination. The effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing abortions was estimated to be 56.8% (95% CI: 15.8, 77.8) for the entire herd, but increased to 86.7% (95% CI: 4.4, 98.1) when only primiparous heifers were considered. Furthermore, a significant increase in the average herd 305-day milk yield one-year after vaccination was also observed relative to that in the previous three years. It is concluded that emergency vaccination of a dairy herd undergoing an abortion outbreak with the A19 vaccine effectively reduced the incidence of abortion and indirectly increased milk yield one-year after vaccination.
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Wang S, Zhao X, Sun K, Bateer H, Wang W. The Genome Sequence of Brucella abortus vaccine strain A19 provides insights on its virulence attenuation compared to Brucella abortus strain 9-941. Gene 2022; 830:146521. [PMID: 35447245 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a widespread disease that affects animals and humans. The live attenuated Brucella abortus A19 strain is used for vaccination against brucellosis in China. In addition, the main mechanisms supporting the residual toxicity of A19 have not been elucidated. Here, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of the genome-wide sequence of A19 against the whole genome sequences of the published virulent reference strain 9-941. The primary objective of this study was to identify candidate virulence genes by systematically comparing the genomic sequences between the two genomes. RESULTS This analysis revealed two deletion regions in the A19 genome, in which all included large fragments of 63 bp, and one of their gene function is related to ABC transporter permease protein. In addition, we have identified minor mutations in important virulence-related genes that can be used to determine the underlying mechanisms of virulence attenuation. The function of its virulence gene covers LysR family transcriptional regulator, outer membrane, MFS transporter and oxidoreductase etc. At the same time, a PCR differential diagnosis method was constructed, which can distinguish A19, S19 and most other commonly used Brucella viruent strains and vaccine strains. CONCLUSION The data may help to provide resources for further detailed analysis of mechanisms for other Brucella vaccines. It laid the foundation for further distinguishing between vaccine immunity and virulent strains infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010031, China
| | - Xueliang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Huhe Bateer
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.
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9
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He CY, Yang JH, Ye YB, Zhao HL, Liu MZ, Yang QL, Liu BS, He S, Chen ZL. Proteomic and Antibody Profiles Reveal Antigenic Composition and Signatures of Bacterial Ghost Vaccine of Brucella abortus A19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874871. [PMID: 35529865 PMCID: PMC9074784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease that causes great economic losses. Vaccine immunisation is the main strategy for the prevention and control of brucellosis. Although live attenuated vaccines play important roles in the prevention of this disease, they also have several limitations, such as residual virulence and difficulty in the differentiation of immunisation and infection. We developed and evaluated a new bacterial ghost vaccine of Brucella abortus A19 by a new double inactivation method. The results showed that the bacterial ghost vaccine of Brucella represents a more safe and efficient vaccine for brucellosis. We further characterised the antigenic components and signatures of the vaccine candidate A19BG. Here, we utilised a mass spectrometry-based label-free relative quantitative proteomics approach to investigate the global proteomics changes in A19BGs compared to its parental A19. The proteomic analysis identified 2014 proteins, 1116 of which were differentially expressed compared with those in A19. The common immunological proteins of OMPs (Bcsp31, Omp25, Omp10, Omp19, Omp28, and Omp2a), HSPs (DnaK, GroS, and GroL), and SodC were enriched in the proteome of A19BG. By protein micro array-based antibody profiling, significant differences were observed between A19BG and A19 immune response, and a number of signature immunogenic proteins were identified. Two of these proteins, the BMEII0032 and BMEI0892 proteins were significantly different (P < 0.01) in distinguishing between A19 and A19BG immune sera and were identified as differential diagnostic antigens for the A19BG vaccine candidate. In conclusion, using comparative proteomics and antibody profiling, protein components and signature antigens were identified for the ghost vaccine candidate A19BG, which are valuable for further developing the vaccine and its monitoring assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin-Bo Ye
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Long Zhao
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Meng-Zhi Liu
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Qi-Lin Yang
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Bao-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sun He
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Ze-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Technology Center, Tecon Biological Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Deng X, He J, Wang Y, Yang Q, Yi JH, Zhang H, Wang Y, Miao Y, Wang Z, Chen C. Deletion of the type IV secretion system promoter VirB in Brucella abortus A19 strain attenuated the virulence of the bacteria and promotes autophagy. Can J Microbiol 2021; 68:165-176. [PMID: 34644507 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative intracellular parasite bacteria causing serious health hazards in humans and animals. The type IV secretion system (T4SS), encoded by the virB promoter, has been identified as an important virulence factor for Brucella abortus, but the impact on Brucella abortus A19 remains unclear. In this study, the T4SS of Brucella abortus A19 was inactivated by deleting the virB promoter, resulting in a mutant strain A19ΔvirB. Real-time PCR and Western-blotting analysis demonstrated that T4SS-related proteins were not expressed after virB promoter deletion. Moreover, the survival rate of A19 in high salt and strong acidic environments was decreased after virB promoter deletion. Compared to the parental strain A19, the A19ΔvirB mutant strain showed reduced growth rate in TSB, decreased invasion ability to macrophages and dendritic cells, and reduced virulence of the mutant strain in macrophages, dendritic cells and mice. In addition, the A19ΔvirB mutant strain showed enhanced autophagy on macrophages and dendritic cells compared with A19, and the A19ΔvirB mutant strain was able to upregulate IL-6 and downregulate IL-10 in macrophages. These data help us to better understand the T4SS of the A19 vaccine strain and contribute to our efforts to improve Brucella vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoYu Deng
- Shihezi University, 70586, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China;
| | - Jinke He
- Xinjiang Second Medical College, Shihe zi, China;
| | - Yueli Wang
- Shihezi University, 70586, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China;
| | - Qin Yang
- Shihezi University, 70586, Shihezi, China;
| | - Ji Hai Yi
- Shihezi University, 70586, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China;
| | - Huan Zhang
- Shihezi University, 70586, Xinjiang Shihezi University, Shihezi, China, 832003;
| | - Yong Wang
- Shihezi University, 70586, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China;
| | | | - Zhen Wang
- Shihezi University, 70586, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China;
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11
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Yang J, He C, Zhang H, Liu M, Zhao H, Ren L, Wu D, Du F, Liu B, Han X, He S, Chen Z. Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of a Genetic Marked Brucella Vaccine A19ΔvirB12 for Cattle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679560. [PMID: 34163479 PMCID: PMC8215367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes severe economic loss to husbandry and poses a threat to human health. The B. abortus A19 live vaccine has been extensively used to prevent bovine brucellosis in China. However, it is difficult to distinguish the serological response induced by A19 from that induced by natural infection. In this study, a novel genetically marked vaccine, A19ΔvirB12, was generated and evaluated. The results indicated that A19ΔvirB12 was able to provide effective protection against B. abortus 2308 (S2308) challenge in mice. Furthermore, the safety and protective efficacy of A19ΔvirB12 have been confirmed in natural host cattle. Additionally, the VirB12 protein allowed for serological differentiation between the S2308 challenge/natural infection and A19ΔvirB12 vaccination. However, previous studies have found that the accuracy of the serological detection based on VirB12 needs to be improved. Therefore, we attempted to identify potential supplementary antigens with differential diagnostic functions by combining label-free quantitative proteomics and protein chip technology. Twenty-six proteins identified only in S2308 were screened; among them, five proteins were considered as potential supplementary antigens. Thus, the accuracy of the differential diagnosis between A19ΔvirB12 immunization and field infection may be improved through multi-antigen detection. In addition, we explored the possible attenuation factors of Brucella vaccine strain. Nine virulence factors were downregulated in A19ΔvirB12. The downregulation pathways of A19ΔvirB12 were significantly enriched in quorum sensing, ATP-binding cassette transporter, and metabolism. Several proteins related to cell division were significantly downregulated, while some proteins involved in transcription were upregulated in S2308. In conclusion, our results contribute to the control and eradication of brucellosis and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the attenuation of A19ΔvirB12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanyu He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | - Lisong Ren
- Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | | | - Fangyuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohu Han
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sun He
- Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Characteristics of Brucella abortus vaccine strain A19 reveals its potential mechanism of attenuated virulence. Vet Microbiol 2021; 254:109007. [PMID: 33582483 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brucella vaccination is one of the most important strategies for controlling brucellosis in livestock. The A19 strain was the effective vaccine used to control brucellosis in China. However, the characteristics of physiological and attenuated virulence of the A19 strain are not investigated in detail. In this study, we compared the phenotypic characteristics of the A19 to the wild-type strain S2308. Virulence test showed that the A19 was significantly attenuated at chronic infection stage in infected mouse model. In growth analysis, the A19 exhibited a quick growth at exponential phase and premature at stationary phase. The inflammatory response of macrophages infected by the A19 was detected using TaqMan qPCR assay, indicating that the inflammatory level of the A19-infected macrophages was higher than that of the S2308 infection. Cell death analysis showed that the A19 was not cytotoxic for macrophages. Cell infection showed that the A19 reduced its ability to invade, survive and traffic within host cells, and the intracellular A19 hardly excludes lysosome-associated marker LAMP-1, suggesting that the A19 can't escape the lysosome degradation within host cells. In further study, the sensitivity test exhibited that the A19 is more sensitive to stress and bactericidal factors than the S2308 strain, Western blot and silver staining analysis exhibited that the A19 has a different expression pattern of OMPs and reduces LPS O-antigen expression relative to the S2308 strain. Those data give us a more detailed understanding about the A19 vaccine strain, which will be beneficial for improvement of current Brucella vaccine and overcoming its defects.
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