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Özbilen A, Sezer F, Taşkin KM. Identification and expression of strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling genes and the in vitro effects of strigolactones in olive ( Olea europaea L.). PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e568. [PMID: 38405354 PMCID: PMC10894696 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), synthesized in plant roots, play a dual role in modulating plant growth and development, and in inducing the germination of parasitic plant seeds and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. As phytohormones, SLs are crucial in regulating branching and shaping plant architecture. Despite the significant impact of branching strategies on the yield performance of fruit crops, limited research has been conducted on SLs in these crops. In our study, we identified the transcript sequences of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes in olive (Olea europaea L.) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. We predicted the corresponding protein sequences, analyzed their characteristics, and conducted molecular docking with bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, we quantified the expression levels of these genes in various tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. Our findings demonstrate the predominant expression of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes (OeD27, OeMAX3, OeMAX4, OeMAX1, OeD14, and OeMAX2) in roots and lateral buds, highlighting their importance in branching. Treatment with rac-GR24, an SL analog, enhanced the germination frequency of olive seeds in vitro compared with untreated embryos. Conversely, inhibition of SL biosynthesis with TIS108 increased lateral bud formation in a hard-to-root cultivar, underscoring the role of SLs as phytohormones in olives. These results suggest that modifying SL biosynthesis and signaling pathways could offer novel approaches for olive breeding, with potential applicability to other fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Özbilen
- Department of BiologyCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| | - Fatih Sezer
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| | - Kemal Melih Taşkin
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
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Tian H, Tang B, Fan W, Pan Z, Peng J, Wang Y, Liu F, Liu G. The role of strigolactone analog (GR24) in endogenous hormone metabolism and hormone-related gene expression in tobacco axillary buds. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:21. [PMID: 38150090 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Strigolactone has the potential to influence hormone metabolism, in addition to having a role in inhibiting axillary bud elongation, which could be regulated by the expression of phytohormones-related genes. The elongation of axillary buds affects the economic benefits of tobacco. In this study, it was investigated the effect of strigolactone (SL) on the elongation of tobacco axillary buds and its endogenous hormone metabolism and related gene expression by applying the artificial analog of SL, GR24, and an inhibitor of SL synthesis, TIS-108, to the axillary buds. The results showed that the elongation of axillary buds was significantly inhibited by GR24 on day 2 and day 9. Ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry results further showed that SL significantly affected the metabolism of endogenous plant hormones, altering both their levels and the ratios between each endogenous hormone. Particularly, the levels of auxin (IAA), trans-zeatin-riboside (tZR), N6-(∆2-isopentenyl) adenine (iP), gibberellin A4 (GA4), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile) were decreased after GR24 treatment on day 9, but the levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and gibberellin A1 (GA1) were significantly increased. Further analysis of endogenous hormonal balance revealed that after the treatment with GR24 on day 9, the ratio of IAA to cytokinin (CTK) was markedly increased, but the ratios of IAA to abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ACC, JAs, and, GAs were notably decreased. In addition, according to RNA-seq analysis, multiple differentially expressed genes were found, such as GH3.1, AUX/IAA, SUAR20, IPT, CKX1, GA2ox1, ACO3, ERF1, PR1, and HCT, which may play critical roles in the biosynthesis, deactivation, signaling pathway of phytohormones, and the biosynthesis of flavonoids to regulate the elongation of axillary buds in tobacco. This work lays the certain theoretical foundation for the application of SL in regulating the elongation of axillary buds of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Tian
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxi Tang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuwei Fan
- Yimen County Branch of Yuxi Tobacco Company, Yimen, 651100, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Pan
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Peng
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiu Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Wu Q, He Y, Cui C, Tao X, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Ying T, Li L. Quantitative proteomic analysis of tomato fruit ripening behavior in response to exogenous abscisic acid. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7469-7483. [PMID: 37421609 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine how abscisic acid (ABA) affects tomato fruit ripening at the protein level, mature green cherry tomato fruit were treated with ABA, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) or sterile water (control, CK). The proteomes of treated fruit were analyzed and quantified using tandem mass tags (TMTs) at 7 days after treatment, and the gene transcription abundances of differently expressed proteins (DEPs) were validated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Postharvest tomato fruit underwent faster color transformation and ripening than the CK when treated with ABA. In total, 6310 proteins were identified among the CK and treatment groups, of which 5359 were quantified. Using a change threshold of 1.2 or 0.83 times, 1081 DEPs were identified. Among them, 127 were upregulated and 127 were downregulated in the ABA versus CK comparison group. According to KEGG and protein-protein interaction network analyses, the ABA-regulated DEPs were primarily concentrated in the photosynthesis system and sugar metabolism pathways, and 102 DEPs associated with phytohormones biosynthesis and signal transduction, pigment synthesis and metabolism, cell wall metabolism, photosynthesis, redox reactions, allergens and defense responses were identified in the ABA versus CK and NDGA versus CK comparison groups. CONCLUSION ABA affects tomato fruit ripening at the protein level to some extent. The results of this study provided comprehensive insights and data for further research on the regulatory mechanism of ABA in tomato fruit ripening. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan He
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Cui
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Tao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiejin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Roșca M, Mihalache G, Stoleru V. Tomato responses to salinity stress: From morphological traits to genetic changes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118383. [PMID: 36909434 PMCID: PMC10000760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is an essential annual crop providing human food worldwide. It is estimated that by the year 2050 more than 50% of the arable land will become saline and, in this respect, in recent years, researchers have focused their attention on studying how tomato plants behave under various saline conditions. Plenty of research papers are available regarding the effects of salinity on tomato plant growth and development, that provide information on the behavior of different cultivars under various salt concentrations, or experimental protocols analyzing various parameters. This review gives a synthetic insight of the recent scientific advances relevant into the effects of salinity on the morphological, physiological, biochemical, yield, fruit quality parameters, and on gene expression of tomato plants. Notably, the works that assessed the salinity effects on tomatoes were firstly identified in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, followed by their sifter according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and with an emphasis on their results. The assessment of the selected studies pointed out that salinity is one of the factors significantly affecting tomato growth in all stages of plant development. Therefore, more research to find solutions to increase the tolerance of tomato plants to salinity stress is needed. Furthermore, the findings reported in this review are helpful to select, and apply appropriate cropping practices to sustain tomato market demand in a scenario of increasing salinity in arable lands due to soil water deficit, use of low-quality water in farming and intensive agronomic practices.
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Momo J, Rawoof A, Kumar A, Islam K, Ahmad I, Ramchiary N. Proteomics of Reproductive Development, Fruit Ripening, and Stress Responses in Tomato. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:65-95. [PMID: 36584279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of the tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are increasingly consumed by humans worldwide. Due to their rich nutritional quality, pharmaceutical properties, and flavor, tomato crops have gained a salient role as standout crops among other plants. Traditional breeding and applied functional research have made progress in varying tomato germplasms to subdue biotic and abiotic stresses. Proteomic investigations within a span of few decades have assisted in consolidating the functional genomics and transcriptomic research. However, due to the volatility and dynamicity of proteins in the regulation of various biosynthetic pathways, there is a need for continuing research in the field of proteomics to establish a network that could enable a more comprehensive understanding of tomato growth and development. With this view, we provide a comprehensive review of proteomic studies conducted on the tomato plant in past years, which will be useful for future breeders and researchers working to improve the tomato crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Momo
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abdul Rawoof
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Khushbu Islam
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ilyas Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
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The modulation of light quality on carotenoids in maize (Zea mays L.) sprouts. FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 5:100128. [PMID: 36035445 PMCID: PMC9399270 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Red and blue light were associated with increased carotenoid biosynthesis. Lutein contents increased to 6.3 and 14 folds following red and blue light exposure. Blue light was associated with higher expression of HY5 and CHYB. ERF021 and MYB68 were negatively associated with carotenoid biosynthesis. Phytohormones (IAA, SL and GA) were related to carotenoid biosynthesis.
The present study aimed to identify the regulatory mechanisms of red, blue, and white light on carotenoid biosynthesis in maize sprouts. Determinations of carotenoid, chlorophyll and phytohormone profiles, as well as relative gene expression, were explored. The results identified enhancement of carotenoid and chlorophyll production as well as gene expression. Most notably, the expression levels of CRY, HY5, and beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase genes peaked under blue light. Photomorphogene-related hormone, auxins and strigolactone production was also altered under different lights and might have a role in carotenoid metabolism. Gibberellins competed with carotenoids for the precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate and were hindered by certain light characteristics, probably via DELLA-PIF4 signalling. ERF021 and MYB68 were negative regulators of carotenoid biosynthesis in maize sprouts. These findings provide new insights into the light-regulated mechanism and biofortification of carotenoids in maize sprouts.
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Wang X, Wang Q, Yan L, Hao Y, Lian X, Zhang H, Zheng X, Cheng J, Wang W, Zhang L, Ye X, Li J, Tan B, Feng J. PpTCP18 is upregulated by lncRNA5 and controls branch number in peach ( Prunus persica) through positive feedback regulation of strigolactone biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac224. [PMID: 36643759 PMCID: PMC9832876 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Branch number is an important agronomic trait in peach (Prunus persica) trees because plant architecture affects fruit yield and quality. Although breeders can select varieties with different tree architecture, the biological mechanisms underlying architecture remain largely unclear. In this study, a pillar peach ('Zhaoshouhong') and a standard peach ('Okubo') were compared. 'Zhaoshouhong' was found to have significantly fewer secondary branches than 'Okubo'. Treatment with the synthetic strigolactone (SL) GR24 decreased branch number. Transcriptome analysis indicated that PpTCP18 (a homologous gene of Arabidopsis thaliana BRC1) expression was negatively correlated with strigolactone synthesis gene expression, indicating that PpTCP18 may play an important role in peach branching. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, dual-luciferase assays and PpTCP18-knockdown in peach leaf buds indicated that PpTCP18 could increase expression of PpLBO1, PpMAX1, and PpMAX4. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PpTCP18 clearly exhibited reduced primary rosette-leaf branches. Moreover, lncRNA sequencing and transient expression analysis revealed that lncRNA5 targeted PpTCP18, significantly increasing PpTCP18 expression. These results provide insights into the mRNA and lncRNA network in the peach SL signaling pathway and indicate that PpTCP18, a transcription factor downstream of SL signaling, is involved in positive feedback regulation of SL biosynthesis. This role of PpTCP18 may represent a novel mechanism in peach branching regulation. Our study improves current understanding of the mechanisms underlying peach branching and provides theoretical support for genetic improvement of peach tree architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lixia Yan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Hao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Lian
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jidong Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
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Lastochkina O, Aliniaeifard S, SeifiKalhor M, Bosacchi M, Maslennikova D, Lubyanova A. Novel Approaches for Sustainable Horticultural Crop Production: Advances and Prospects. HORTICULTURAE 2022; 8:910. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of plant growth, yield and quality due to diverse environmental constrains along with climate change significantly limit the sustainable production of horticultural crops. In this review, we highlight the prospective impacts that are positive challenges for the application of beneficial microbial endophytes, nanomaterials (NMs), exogenous phytohormones strigolactones (SLs) and new breeding techniques (CRISPR), as well as controlled environment horticulture (CEH) using artificial light in sustainable production of horticultural crops. The benefits of such applications are often evaluated by measuring their impact on the metabolic, morphological and biochemical parameters of a variety of cultures, which typically results in higher yields with efficient use of resources when applied in greenhouse or field conditions. Endophytic microbes that promote plant growth play a key role in the adapting of plants to habitat, thereby improving their yield and prolonging their protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. Focusing on quality control, we considered the effects of the applications of microbial endophytes, a novel class of phytohormones SLs, as well as NMs and CEH using artificial light on horticultural commodities. In addition, the genomic editing of plants using CRISPR, including its role in modulating gene expression/transcription factors in improving crop production and tolerance, was also reviewed.
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Bai C, Zheng Y, Watkins CB, Fu A, Ma L, Gao H, Yuan S, Zheng S, Gao L, Wang Q, Meng D, Zuo J. Revealing the Specific Regulations of Brassinolide on Tomato Fruit Chilling Injury by Integrated Multi-Omics. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769715. [PMID: 34926549 PMCID: PMC8681340 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato fruit is susceptible to chilling injury (CI) when stored at low temperatures, limiting its storage potential, and resulting in economic loss if inappropriate temperatures are used. Brassinolide (BR) is a plant growth regulator that is known to decrease the susceptibility of fruit to CI. In this study, transcriptome, metabolome, and proteome analysis revealed the regulation mechanism of BR treatment in alleviating tomato fruit CI. The results showed that the differentially expressed metabolites mainly included amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in plant cold stress response (HSFA3, SHSP, and TPR), fruit redox process (POD, PAL, and LOX), related to the fruit texture (CESA, β-Gal, and PAE), plant hormone signal transduction (ACS3, ARF, and ERF,), transcription factors (TCP, bHLH, GATA). Moreover, differentially expressed proteins were associated with fruit texture (CESA, PE, PL, and CHI), plant oxidation processes (LOX, GPX, CAT, and POD), plant cold stress response (HSF, HSP20, HSP70, and HSP90B), plant hormone signal transduction (BSK1 and JAR1) and transcription factors (WRKY and MYB). Our study showed that BR alleviates CI symptoms of tomato fruit by regulating LOX in the α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway, enhancing jasmonic acid-CoA (JA-CoA) synthesis, inhibiting cell wall and membrane lipid damage. The results provided a theoretical basis for further study on the CI mechanism of tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Post-harvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Post-harvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher B. Watkins
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Anzhen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Post-harvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Post-harvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - HongWu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuzhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Post-harvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Post-harvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lipu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Post-harvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Post-harvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Demei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Post-harvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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