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Zhao R, Wu R, Jin J, Ning K, Wang Z, Yi X, Kapilevich L, Liu J. Signaling pathways regulated by natural active ingredients in the fight against exercise fatigue-a review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269878. [PMID: 38155906 PMCID: PMC10752993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise fatigue is a normal protective mechanism of the body. However, long-term fatigue hinders normal metabolism and exercise capacity. The generation and recovery from exercise fatigue involves alterations in multiple signaling pathways, mainly AMPK, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB, PINK1/Parkin, and BDNF/TrkB, as well as MAPK signaling pathways that mediate energy supply, reduction of metabolites, oxidative stress homeostasis, muscle fiber type switching, and central protective effects. In recent studies, a rich variety of natural active ingredients have been identified in traditional Chinese medicines and plant extracts with anti-fatigue effects, opening up the field of research in new anti-fatigue drugs. In this review we give an overview of the signaling pathways associated with the activity of natural food active ingredients against exercise fatigue. Such a comprehensive review is necessary to understand the potential of these materials as preventive measures and treatments of exercise fatigue. We expect the findings highlighted and discussed here will help guide the development of new health products and provide a theoretical and scientific basis for future research on exercise fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyue Zhao
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruomeng Wu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junjie Jin
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Ning
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejie Yi
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Leonid Kapilevich
- Faculty of Physical Education, Nаtionаl Reseаrch Tomsk Stаte University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Jiao Liu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang X, Xie F, Ma S, Ma C, Jiang X, Yi Y, Song Y, Liu M, Zhao P, Ma X. Mitochondria: one of the vital hubs for molecular hydrogen's biological functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1283820. [PMID: 38020926 PMCID: PMC10662307 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1283820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a novel antioxidant, a growing body of studies has documented the diverse biological effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) in a wide range of organisms, spanning animals, plants, and microorganisms. Although several possible mechanisms have been proposed, they cannot fully explain the extensive biological effects of H2. Mitochondria, known for ATP production, also play crucial roles in diverse cellular functions, including Ca2+ signaling, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, proliferation, and lipid transport, while their dysfunction is implicated in a broad spectrum of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, metabolic disorders, and cancer. This review aims to 1) summarize the experimental evidence on the impact of H2 on mitochondrial function; 2) provide an overview of the mitochondrial pathways underlying the biological effects of H2, and 3) discuss H2 metabolism in eukaryotic organisms and its relationship with mitochondria. Moreover, based on previous findings, this review proposes that H2 may regulate mitochondrial quality control through diverse pathways in response to varying degrees of mitochondrial damage. By combining the existing research evidence with an evolutionary perspective, this review emphasizes the potential hydrogenase activity in mitochondria of higher plants and animals. Finally, this review also addresses potential issues in the current mechanistic study and offers insights into future research directions, aiming to provide a reference for future studies on the mechanisms underlying the action of H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwen Ma
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Song
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, China
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