Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder presenting as vulvitis and cliteromegaly

Isolated Vascular Malformation of the Clitoris: An Uncommon Cause of Clitoromegaly

ABSTRACT

Clitoral enlargement (clitoromegaly) due to non-hormonal causes, particularly due to vascular malformation, is rare. Only eight such cases are reported in the literature. We report an additional case of isolated vascular malformation implicating the clitoris of a young girl child and its surgical management.

Lesions of the clitoris: a review

The clitoris may become involved by vulvar lesions. There are also lesions arising from the clitoris. A familiarity with these lesions is necessary for the high index of suspicion needed for their diagnosis.

Metastatic low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma of clitoris: report of a case

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is an uncommon neoplasm, which has a highly recurrent nature. A review of the literature revealed that only one case of low-grade ESS, arising within the vulva from a focus of endometriosis, has been previously published. We describe an additional case of low-grade ESS arising within the vulva and to the best of our knowledge the first report of low-grade ESS metastasized to clitoris. A 46-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to a heavy uterine bleeding. A physical examination revealed a lesion in clitoris, which exhibited a densely cellular mesenchymal neoplasm on microscopy. On the basis of the pathologic features alone, a differential diagnosis of a low-grade ESS and cellular leiomyoma was considered. Seven months later, the patient presented again with excessive uterine bleeding and a total hysterectomy was performed. A tumor of white-tan, whorled appearance was found. Its features were suggestive of low-grade ESS. Taking into account the possible extrauterine location of an ESS and reviewing the first case, a diagnosis of rare low-grade ESS metastasized to clitoris was made

Transitional cell carcinoma of the clitoris: direct implantation or metastasis

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is the seventh most frequent cancer of women. The possible mechanisms of local tumor recurrence are seeding and multicentricity. Distant metastases are most frequently as a result of vascular or lymphatic spread and to a lesser extent by seeding of the tumor cells with urine or transurethral instrumentation. We report a clitoral metastasis of a TCC of the bladder, which is a very unexpected and extremely rare site for metatstasis and discuss whether the possible mechanism is vascular spreading or direct seeding. To our knowledge this is the third case in the literature.