1
|
Sharma P, Gautam SD, Rajendra S. Importance of investigating high-risk human papillomavirus in lymph node metastasis of esophageal adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2729-2739. [PMID: 32550750 PMCID: PMC7284187 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i21.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus has been suggested as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Tumor human papillomavirus status has been reported to confer a favorable prognosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma. The size of the primary tumor and degree of lymphatic spread determines the prognosis of esophageal carcinomas. Lymph node status has been found to be a predictor of recurrent disease as well as 5-year survival in esophageal malignancies. In human papillomavirus driven cancers, e.g. cervical, anogenital, head and neck cancers, associated lymph nodes with a high viral load suggest metastatic lymph node involvement. Thus, human papillomavirus could potentially be useful as a marker of micro-metastases. To date, there have been no reported studies regarding human papillomavirus involvement in lymph nodes of metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma. This review highlights the importance of investigating human papillomavirus in lymph node metastasis of esophageal adenocarcinoma based on data derived from other human papillomavirus driven cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sharma
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shweta Dutta Gautam
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shanmugarajah Rajendra
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health Network, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu Y, Xu X, Nong XH, Yao DS. Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA in sentinel lymph nodes of patients with cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2317-2325. [PMID: 32194731 PMCID: PMC7039119 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in patients with early-stage cervical cancer (CC). In addition, the present study compared the positive rate of SLNs metastasis detected by routine pathological examination, and investigated the value of HPV-DNA in the detection of early CC lymph node micrometastasis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used in order to evaluate the HPV DNA detection in all CC samples [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA2-IIA2]. The consistency of HPV-DNA was compared between primary lesions and SLNs. The positive rates of HPV-DNA were compared with pathological diagnosis of SLN metastasis, and the association between the positive expression of HPV-DNA in SLNs and the clinical and pathological parameters of patients with cervical cancer were analyzed. A total of 345 sentinel lymph nodes were detected in 100 patients with IA2-IIA2 CC. The positive rates of RT-qPCR and conventional histopathological detection of SLNs metastasis were 31.6% (109/345) and 12.8% (44/345), respectively (P<0.001). The positive expression of HPV-DNA in SLNs was associated with the clinical stage and tumor diameter (P<0.05), but not with patients' age, depth of cervical invasion, histological grade, lymphatic and vascular space invasion (LVSI), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) (P>0.05). The detection of HPV-DNA expression in pelvic lymph nodes of early CC may be used to improve the detection rate of micrometastasis, guide the postoperative adjuvant therapy more accurately and improve prognosis. Patients with positive HPV-DNA would require closer surveillance than those with negative HPV-DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Hong Nong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| | - De-Sheng Yao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Delomenie M, Bonsang-Kitzis H, Bats AS, Ngo C, Balaya V, Xuan HTN, Koual M, Mathevet P, Lecuru F. The clinical implication of lymph nodes micrometastases and isolated tumor cells in patients with cervical cancer: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 241:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
4
|
Chen P, Zhang W, Yang D, Zhang W, Gao S. Human Papillomavirus Status in Primary Lesions and Pelvic Lymph Nodes and Its Prognostic Value in Cervical Cancer Patients with Lymph Node Metastases. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1894-1902. [PMID: 30864560 PMCID: PMC6427929 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the presence of HPV DNA in cervical tissues and lymph nodes in patients who have uterine cervical neoplasms with lymphatic metastases and who underwent surgery for invasive cervical cancer and pelvic lymphadenectomy, to establish the utility of HPV type and viral load in predicting disease progression. Material/Methods We retrospectively assessed 88 patients with uterine cervical neoplasms with lymph node metastases. All 88 patients were in FIGO stage IA-IIB. A total of 316 paraffin-embedded archival tissues (88 cervical samples and 228 pelvic lymph node specimens) were acquired. All the samples were analyzed using real-time PCR to determine HPV DNA presence/type and to quantify viral load. Results In total, 17 HPV genotypes were detected in the cervical lesions and pelvic lymph nodes of the patients. The most common HPV type in all samples was HPV16, followed by HPV18. The existence of HPV16 DNA and low HPV16 viral load in cervical lesions were also significantly associated with disease recurrence. Furthermore, lymphovascular space involvement was also correlated with worse disease outcome. Conclusions HPV16 DNA presence and low viral load in primary lesions can be used to predict disease recurrence. HPV DNA is a favorable prognostic indicator in patients with uterine cervical neoplasms who have lymphatic metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Weiyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Weiyang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fuglsang K, Blaakaer J, Petersen LK, Mejlgaard E, Hammer A, Steiniche T. Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA in tissue from primary cervical cancer tumor, pelvic lymph nodes and recurrent disease. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2018; 7:15-20. [PMID: 30557633 PMCID: PMC6313832 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The present study investigated Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotyping in primary tumor, pelvic lymph nodes (PLN) and recurrence in early-stage cervical cancer patients. Methods We conducted a hospital-based case-control study. From 2003 to 2015, 282 patients underwent surgery for cervical cancer in the Department of Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Twenty-nine recurrent cases were identified. HPV DNA genotyping was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from the primary tumor, PLN, and recurrent disease. Results In the primary tumor, HPV DNA was detectable in 18(72%) of 25 tissue specimens from recurrent cases and in 15(83%) of 18 controls. HPV DNA-positive PLN was significantly associated with recurrence, 83%(95%CI: 52–98%), compared to patients with HPV-negative PLN, 38%(95%CI: 18–62%)(p < 0.05). HPV DNA genotyping was positive in eight of 12(67%) patients with recurrent disease. The genotype was identical in all three tissues types. The positive predictive value for recurrence was the same for detection of HPV-DNA and metastases in the PLN, with reasonable sensitivity. The negative predictive value for recurrence, however, was best for HPV-DNA, 62%(95%CI: 38–98%). Conclusions In conclusion, our data suggest that the presence of HPV in pelvic lymph nodes is associated with an increased risk of recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Fuglsang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jan Blaakaer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lone Kjeld Petersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Else Mejlgaard
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Hammer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tortora M, Annunziata C, Liguori G, Losito S, Botti G, Greggi S, Buonaguro L, Buonaguro FM, Tornesello ML. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in peri-tumor tissues and pelvic lymph nodes as potential molecular marker of micrometastasis in cervical cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:22. [PMID: 27175213 PMCID: PMC4863320 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between high risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) and cervical cancer has been firmly established. HPV genome is present in nearly all cases of cervical cancer and detection of viral DNA could therefore be used as a surrogate marker of micrometastasis in peri-tumor tissues and lymph nodes. Methods We analyzed primary cervical carcinomas, peri-tumor biopsies and pelvic lymph nodes in 20 women with invasive cancer (FIGO stage I-II) who underwent radical pelvic surgery and lymphadenectomy. HPV DNA was searched by broad spectrum PCR in 142 DNA samples extracted from paraffin embedded tissues. Viral genotypes were identified by direct sequencing analysis. Results HPV DNA sequences were identified in all available primary cervical tumors (n = 15). The most common genotype was HPV16 (60 %), followed by HPV18 (20 %), HPV35 (7 %), HPV45 (7 %) and HPV66 (7 %). Seven out of 20 (35 %) women had metastatic spread in peri-tumor tissues and/or lymph nodes, as determined by histology. HPV DNA was detected in all histological positive samples as well as in 16 and 25 % of histological negative peri-tumor tissues and lymph nodes, respectively. Three out of 20 (15 %) women without histological evidence of metastatic spread had HPV-positive lymph nodes. HPV genotype was found always concordant between primary tumor and metastatic lesions. The remaining 10 women (50 %) were histology and HPV-negative in all peri-tumor biopsies and lymph nodes analyzed. Conclusions Evaluation of HPV DNA in peri-tumor tissues as well as pelvic lymph nodes could be a sensitive marker to identify micrometastasis or isolated tumor cells and to monitor the risk of disease recurrence in women with cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tortora
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fond. Pascale" - IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Clorinda Annunziata
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fond. Pascale" - IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Liguori
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fond. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, 80131 Italy
| | - Simona Losito
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fond. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, 80131 Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fond. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, 80131 Italy
| | - Stefano Greggi
- Division of Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fond. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, 80131 Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fond. Pascale" - IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fond. Pascale" - IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fond. Pascale" - IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Noventa M, Ancona E, Cosmi E, Saccardi C, Litta P, D'Antona D, Nardelli GB, Gizzo S. Usefulness, methods and rationale of lymph nodes HPV-DNA investigation in estimating risk of early stage cervical cancer recurrence: a systematic literature review. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:853-67. [PMID: 25039008 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic involvement of pelvic lymph-nodes (LNs), generally found in 0-29.3 % of early stages, is the most important prognostic factor in cervical cancer (CC). However, even in non-metastatic LNs, recurrence rate reaches 10-15 %. The role of HPV-DNA presence in pelvic LNs has been a point of debate in the last two decades. The aim of this systematic review is to collect all available data about LNs HPV-DNA detection in patients affected by early-stage CC in order to elucidate its clinical and surgical usefulness to choose the best surgical treatment, the necessity of adjuvant therapy and to estimate the overall oncological prognosis. The available data in this field results very patchy and often conflicting in the results. The high correlation between HPV-DNA genome detected in primary lesion and the one detected in LNs, as well as the high correlation between LNs metastatic involvement and HPV-DNA presence, lead to hypothesize that LNs HPV presence represents a potential risk-factor for recurrence and poor oncological prognosis. The large disparities in recurrence-rate of cases with LNs positive for HPV-DNA test and negative for metastases could be explained by the relative "inappropriateness" of PCR test to discriminate the presence of HPV-genome alone (condition necessary but not sufficient) or in association with squamous cells (condition necessary and sufficient). The use of ISH test for HPV-DNA detection in LNs, particularly if associated to CK19-assay, improve the accuracy of micro-metastasis detection, and the identification of patients with negative histology but potentially at high-risk of recurrence and poor oncological prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Noventa
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Noventa M, Ancona E, Saccardi C, Litta P, D'Antona D, Nardelli GB, Gizzo S. Could HPV-DNA test solve the dilemma about sentinel node frozen section accuracy in early stage cervical cancer? Hypothesis and rationale. Cancer Invest 2014; 32:206-7. [PMID: 24605898 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.889707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to reduce the surgical invasiveness in early-stage cervical-cancer treatment, the sentinel lymph-node (SLN) technique could be considered as a possible intraoperative-guidance to lymphadenectomy decision making. Unfortunately its accuracy ranges between 33.3% and 100% in different studies. Recent manuscripts suggest that HPV-DNA presence in pelvic-lymph-nodes may represent a molecular marker of micrometastases. According to this hypothesis, the rationale in proposing the HPV-DNA-test when negative frozen-section occurs is due to the expected improvement of its diagnostic-accuracy. HPV-DNA test may represent a marker able to discriminate at frozen section the false-negative from the truth-negative tests filling the gap between optimal and real frozen-section accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Noventa
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mirghani H, Ferchiou M, Moreau F, Vourexakis Z, Amen F, Breuskin I, Lefèvre M, Casiraghi O, Drusch F, Soussan P, Vielh P, St Guily JL. Oropharyngeal cancers: significance of HPV16 detection in neck lymph nodes. J Clin Virol 2013; 57:120-4. [PMID: 23478163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing proportion of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 infection. Several authors have suggested that HR-HPV DNA could be used as a marker of metastases in cervical cancers. Although HPV16 DNA has been detected in neck lymph node (LN) metastases of HPV16-positive OPSCC, its significance remains controversial. Does this presence correlate to metastatic involvement or is it just the consequence of LN filter function? OBJECTIVES This study aims to analyse the relationship between HPV16 detection in neck LNs of HPV16-positive OPSCC and their pathological status. STUDY DESIGN HP16-viral load (VL) was quantified by real-time-polymerase-chain reaction in primary tumours and neck LNs, in 11 patients with HPV16-positive OPSCC and in three patients with HPV16-negative OPSCC. HPV16 in situ hybridisation and p16 immunohistochemistry were performed in all LNs. RESULTS A total of 45 LN levels were assessed. HPV16 DNA was not identified in HPV16-negative OPSCC LNs. All metastatic LNs from HPV16-positive OPSCC had a high VL and the viral DNA was located within tumoural cells. Among 27 pathologically tumour-free LN (PTFLN) levels 16/27 had no detectable VL, whereas the VL was low or medium (<10(5)copies/million cells) in 8/27 and high (>10(5)copies/million cells) in 3/27 PTFLN. In the latter group, no metastatic cell was identified and the viral DNA was located in immune cells. CONCLUSION HPV16 detection in LN is explained by its presence within either metastatic cells or immune cells. HPV16 detection in PTFLN is not necessarily correlated to occult LN metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haïtham Mirghani
- Department of Head and Neck, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Slama J, Dundr P, Dusek L, Cibula D. High false negative rate of frozen section examination of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 129:384-8. [PMID: 23395889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metastatic involvement of the sentinel nodes (SN) is one of the main prognostic factors in cervical cancer which determines the disease management. The results of intra-operative SN examination would make it possible to triage patients in a one-step protocol. The studies carried out on the subject so far have, however, failed to demonstrate adequate accuracy of frozen section examination (FS) and, moreover, they only involved small cohorts. METHODS The study included 225 patients with cervical cancer FIGO IA2-IIB in whom at least one SN has been detected and intra-operatively processed. The prevalence of macrometastases, micrometastases and isolated tumour cells (ITC) in the SN was evaluated and the results of FS and final SN ultrastaging were compared. RESULTS Metastatic involvement of the SN was detected by pathologic ultrastaging in 73 cases (32.4%); macrometastases, micrometastases and ITC were found in 48, 17 and 8 patients, respectively. Intra-operative SN assessment established the SN status correctly in as few as 41 cases (56.2%), or in 49 cases (63%) if ITC had been excluded. Final ultrastaging of intra-operatively negative SN confirmed macrometastases, micrometastases, and ITC in additional 8, 18 and 8 patients, respectively. The false negative rate of FS was higher in bigger tumours (>20 cm3) and in the presence of LVSI. CONCLUSIONS Frozen section examination of SN is not sufficiently reliable; it has a high false negative rate mainly due to its limited ability to detect micrometastases. A possible solution would be a more detailed intra-operative pathologic processing or two-step surgical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Slama
- Gynaecologic Oncology Centre, General University Hospital and 1st School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bogaert L, Willemsen A, Vanderstraeten E, Bracho MA, De Baere C, Bravo IG, Martens A. EcPV2 DNA in equine genital squamous cell carcinomas and normal genital mucosa. Vet Microbiol 2012; 158:33-41. [PMID: 22397936 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents the most common genital malignant tumor in horses. Similar to humans, papillomaviruses (PVs) have been proposed as etiological agents and recently Equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) has been identified in a subset of genital SCCs. The goals of this study were (1) to determine the prevalence of EcPV2 DNA in tissue samples from equine genital SCCs, penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and penile papillomas, using EcPV2-specific PCR, (2) to examine the prevalence of latent EcPV2 infection in healthy genital mucosa and (3) to determine genetic variability within EcPV2 and to disentangle phylogenetic relationships of EcPV2 among PVs. EcPV2 DNA was detected in all but one penile SCC (15/16), in all PIN lesions (8/8) and penile papillomas (4/4). Additionally, EcPV2 DNA was demonstrated in one of two metastasized lymph nodes, one contact metastasis in the mouth, two vaginal and one anal lesion. In healthy horses, EcPV2 DNA was detected in 10% (4/39) of penile swabs but in none of vulvovaginal swabs (0/20). This study confirms the presence of EcPV2 DNA in equine genital SCCs and shows its involvement in anal lesions, a lymph node and contact metastases. Latent EcPV2 presence was also shown in normal male genital mucosa. We found that different EcPV2 variants cocirculate among horses and that EcPV2 is related to the Delta+Zeta PVs and is only a very distant relative of high-risk human PVs causing genital cancer. Thus, similar viral tropism and similar malignant outcome of the infection do not imply close evolutionary relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lies Bogaert
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
RETRACTED: EcPV2 DNA in equine squamous cell carcinomas and normal genital and ocular mucosa. Vet Microbiol 2011; 147:292-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Slama J, Drazdakova M, Dundr P, Fischerova D, Zikan M, Pinkavova I, Freitag P, Fanta M, Kuzel D, Zima T, Cibula D. High-risk human papillomavirus DNA in paraaortic lymph nodes in advanced stages of cervical carcinoma. J Clin Virol 2010; 50:46-9. [PMID: 21035386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraaortic lymph nodes represent the second level in the lymphatic spread of cervical cancer. Recent studies have confirmed the association of HPV DNA in pelvic lymph nodes in early-stage disease with metastatic involvement and a less favourable prognosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to detect 13 high-risk genotypes of HPV in paraaortic nodes harvested from patients with FIGO IB2-IIIB tumours and correlate findings with histopathology. STUDY DESIGN The study involved patients with advanced cervical cancer who had undergone low paraaortic lymphadenectomy. The cytobrush technique was used for perioperative sample collection from the tumour and fresh lymphatic tissue. Patients with non-HPV related cancers were used as a control group. RESULTS The study involved 24 cervical cancer patients. High-risk HPV DNA was found in the primary tumour of all cases and in PALN in 16 (67%) cases. The most frequent genotype was HPV 16, both in the tumour and in the paraaortic lymph nodes (83% and 54%, respectively). Metastatic involvement of paraaortic lymph nodes was identified in 8 cases (33%), which all were also HPV DNA positive. No HPV DNA was detected in PALN in any of 22 control group cases. CONCLUSIONS Using the cytobrush technique, the presence of at least one HR HPV genotype in the primary tumour was identified in all the patients. The metastatically involved paraaortic lymph nodes always contained the DNA of at least one HPV genotype present in the primary tumour. Determination of clinical significance of HR HPV DNA presence in histologically negative lymph nodes requires further follow-up of the cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Slama
- General Teaching Hospital and 1st Medical School of Charles University, Department of Oncogynecology, Apolinarska 18, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kowalewska M, Szkoda MT, Radziszewski J, Ptaszynski K, Bidzinski M, Siedlecki JA. The frequency of human papillomavirus infection in polish patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2010; 20:434-7. [PMID: 20375810 DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181d320f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vulvar cancer is a rare condition representing about 4% of all female genital tract tumors. In contrast to the established relationship of virtually all cervical cancer cases with the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the reported HPV positivity in vulvar carcinoma ranges widely. METHODS Using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test, we investigated the HPV incidence in a group of 46 Polish patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (age range, 37-93 years; median age, 70.2 years) in clinical stages T1-2, N0-2, and M0. RESULTS The presence of HPV DNA was confirmed in 7 of 46 (15%) primary tumor samples. HPV 16 was found in 5 tumors (71%). HPVs 6 and 58 were detected in the remaining 2 cases of virus-associated tumors. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a fraction of cancers of vulva associated with HPV is insignificant, given the HPV prevalence of 8.6% in the Polish population aged 55 to 59 years (the oldest cohort of Polish women studied to date).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, 5 W.K. Roentgena, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Slama J, Fischerova D, Pinkavova I, Zikan M, Cibula D. Human papillomavirus DNA presence in pelvic lymph nodes in cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2010; 20:126-32. [PMID: 20130513 DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181c01cf0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This work intends to present a systematic overview of data that have been published so far with regard to methods used for tissue sampling and DNA testing and with regard to the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in pelvic lymph nodes (LNs) and its prognostic significance. METHODS The HPV DNA status of LN in women with cervical cancer is being explored as a potential marker of "occult" metastases. Although the presence of HPV DNA in LN usually correlates with its metastatic involvement, there is always a subgroup of HPV-positive but histologically negative LNs. RESULTS The significance of HPV in negative LNs remains uncertain, although several studies have concluded that HPV is a risk factor of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS A small group size and a short follow-up are the main limitations for drawing any conclusion concerning prognostic significance of the presence of HPV DNA in LNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Slama
- Department of Oncogynecology, General Teaching Hospital and 1st Medica School of Charles University, Apolinarska 18, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Slama J, Drazdakova M, Dundr P, Fischerova D, Zikan M, Pinkavova I, Freitag P, Pavlista D, Zima T, Cibula D. High-risk human papillomavirus DNA in the primary tumor, sentinel, and nonsentinel pelvic lymph nodes in patients with early-stage cervical cancer: a correlation with histopathology. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009; 19:703-7. [PMID: 19509575 DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181a13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic involvement of pelvic lymph nodes is the most important prognostic parameter in early-stage cervical cancer. Still, approximately 15% of patients with negative pelvic nodes experience recurrence, most of them in the pelvis. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in histologically negative pelvic nodes is considered a subclinical metastatic spread. METHODS Patients with early-stage cervical cancer referred for surgical treatment were enrolled in the study. Cytobrush technique was used for sample collection from the fresh tissue to avoid any loss of material for histology. RESULTS Altogether, 49 patients were enrolled in the study. High-risk (HR) HPV DNA was identified in the tumor in 91.8% patients and in the sentinel node or other pelvic nodes in 49.9% patients. Among the 10 HR HPV genotypes detected, HPV 16 was the most frequently represented in both the tumor and the lymph nodes (66.7% and 71.4%, respectively). All metastatic lymph nodes were HR HPV positive. CONCLUSIONS The presence of HR HPV DNA in a sentinel node had a 100% positive predictive value for metastatic involvement of pelvic lymph nodes in our study. This could be considered a sign of an early subclinical metastatic spread; however, the prognostic value has to be evaluated through a longer follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Slama
- General Teaching Hospital, Department of Oncogynecology, 1st Medical School of Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Okamoto S, Niikura H, Yoshinaga K, Nagase S, Takano T, Ito K, Yaegashi N. Detection of Micrometastases in Cervical Cancer With a System That Evaluates Both Sentinel and Nonsentinel Lymph Nodes. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009; 19:708-11. [DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181a39112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
18
|
Landro ME, Dalbert D, Picconi MA, Cúneo N, González J, Vornetti S, Bazán G, Mural J, Basiletti J, Teyssié AR, Alonio LV. Human papillomavirus and mutated H-ras oncogene in cervical carcinomas and pathological negative pelvic lymph nodes: a retrospective follow-up. J Med Virol 2008; 80:694-701. [PMID: 18297710 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The metastasis status of pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) seems to be a predictive factor of survival. It was suggested that the presence of HPV DNA and other biological markers in PLN may indicate a sub clinical early metastasis. The aim was to describe the prevalence and distribution patterns of HPV DNA and H-ras mutations in intra operatively obtained cervical tumors and PLN. Thirty-seven cervical tumors and 61 lymph node biopsies from 37 patients with cervical cancer were selected. HPV typing and location were performed by PCR/dot blot and in situ hybridization (ISH) respectively. PCR/RFLP was used to scan for mutations in H-ras. Hundred percent of the cervical cancers and 85% of the PLN were HPV positive; co-infection with more than one type was 27%. HPV 16 was detected alone or co-infecting with other types in 84% of tumors and 46% of PLN; the second most frequent viral type was HPV 18 (tumor: 27%; PLN: 20%). In PLN, HPV was located in nuclei or/and cytoplasm of lymphocytes, macrophages, endothelial, and /or stromal cells. H-ras mutations were identified in 5/24 (21%) of patients with cervical tumors showing poor or moderated differentiation. HPV DNA in histological tumor-free PLN not necessary indicate metastasis, but it may be associated to an active immune reaction. Mutated H-ras is probably involved in cervical carcinogenesis and its detection in tumor and metastasis free PLN may be related to early metastasis or recurrence in at least a subset of poorly differentiated cervical tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Eulalia Landro
- Servicio Virus Oncogénicos, Departamento Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|