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Fan C, Ma Q, Wu X, Dai X, Peng Q, Cai H. Detection of DNA Methylation in Gene Loci ASTN1, DLX1, ITGA4, RXFP3, SOX17, and ZNF671 for Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:635-644. [PMID: 37457377 PMCID: PMC10349600 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s417877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of DNA methylation detection of multiple gene loci in cervical cancer. Methods A total of 61 cases requiring cervical biopsy were selected from the outpatient clinic of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province between January 2018 and December 2019. The patients were divided into four groups based on histopathologic diagnosis: cervical cancer (CC) group, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) group, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) group, and control group. HPV examination, liquid-based cytology examination, and DNA methylation detection at multiple gene sites were performed. The positive rate of DNA methylation, sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and other efficacy indexes were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of DNA methylation detection at multiple gene loci in cervical cancer. Results The positive rates of DNA methylation in CC, HSIL, LSIL, and control groups were 100%, 88%, 83% and 17%, respectively. The ZNF671 gene had the highest positive rate among the cervical lesion group, with rates of 57%, 76%, and 100% in LSIL, HSIL, and CC groups respectively. The combination of DNA methylation detection at multiple gene loci showed the highest diagnostic efficacy for HSIL and cervical cancer, with AUC value of 0.850 (95% CI:0.746-0.954), a Youden index of 0.654, and a sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 85.4%, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the combined detection was significantly higher than that of HPV examination and liquid-based cytology examination (P < 0.05). Conclusion DNA methylation detection at multiple gene loci is highly effective and diagnostic tool for cervical cancer, and has potential application value in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Fan
- Department of Scientific Research and Teaching Management Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cervical Cancer Prevention Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanfu Ma
- Department of Scientific Research and Teaching Management Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cervical Cancer Prevention Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Department of Cervical Cancer Prevention Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Dai
- Department of Cervical Cancer Prevention Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuzi Peng
- Department of Cervical Cancer Prevention Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongning Cai
- Department of Scientific Research and Teaching Management Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cervical Cancer Prevention Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Holcakova J, Bartosik M, Anton M, Minar L, Hausnerova J, Bednarikova M, Weinberger V, Hrstka R. New Trends in the Detection of Gynecological Precancerous Lesions and Early-Stage Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6339. [PMID: 34944963 PMCID: PMC8699592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and early diagnostics of precancerous stages are key aspects of contemporary oncology. In cervical cancer, well-organized screening and vaccination programs, especially in developed countries, are responsible for the dramatic decline of invasive cancer incidence and mortality. Cytological screening has a long and successful history, and the ongoing implementation of HPV triage with increased sensitivity can further decrease mortality. On the other hand, endometrial and ovarian cancers are characterized by a poor accessibility to specimen collection, which represents a major complication for early diagnostics. Therefore, despite relatively promising data from evaluating the combined effects of genetic variants, population screening does not exist, and the implementation of new biomarkers is, thus, necessary. The introduction of various circulating biomarkers is of potential interest due to the considerable heterogeneity of cancer, as highlighted in this review, which focuses exclusively on the most common tumors of the genital tract, namely, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. However, it is clearly shown that these malignancies represent different entities that evolve in different ways, and it is therefore necessary to use different methods for their diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Holcakova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Martin Bartosik
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Milan Anton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Lubos Minar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Jitka Hausnerova
- Department of Pathology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Marketa Bednarikova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Vit Weinberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
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3
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Kobayashi H, Imanaka S. Toward an understanding of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 as a novel serodiagnostic marker for clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2978-2989. [PMID: 34184357 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-2 has recently emerged as a serodiagnostic marker for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), especially clear cell carcinoma (CCC). This review discusses the biological properties of TFPI-2 and why serum levels are elevated in CCC patients. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed up until March, 2021. RESULTS TFPI-2 is a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor and negatively regulates the enzymatic activities, such as plasmin. TFPI-2 has been characterized as a tumor suppressor gene and was frequently downregulated through promoter hypermethylation in various human cancers. In contrast, TFPI-2 was overexpressed only in CCC. TFPI-2 may be involved in the pathophysiology of CCC, possibly through regulation of coagulation system, stabilization of extracellular matrix (ECM), and induction of intracellular signal transduction. TFPI-2 suppresses tissue factor-induced hypercoagulation in a hypoxic environment. TFPI-2, secreted by CCC cells, platelets, and adjacent vascular endothelial cells, may suppress tumor growth and invasion through ECM remodeling. Nuclear TFPI-2 may suppress matrix metalloproteinase production via transcription factors and modulate caspase-mediated cell apoptosis. CCC cells may upregulate the TFPI-2 expression to adapt to survival in the demanding environment. TFPI-2 is secreted by CCC cells and enters the systemic circulation, resulting in elevated blood levels. DISCUSSION Serum TFPI-2 reflects the overexpression of TFPI-2 in CCC tissues and is a potential serodiagnostic marker. Further research is needed to explore the expression, clinical significance, biological function, and potential mechanism of TFPI-2 in CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Ms. Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Ms. Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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4
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Eyvazi S, Khamaneh AM, Tarhriz V, Bandehpour M, Hejazi MS, Sadat ATE, Sepehri B. CpG Islands Methylation Analysis of CDH11, EphA5, and HS3ST2 Genes in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:579-583. [PMID: 31407253 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer is an aggressive disease which is the fourth prevalent malignancy in the world. Beside the genetic factors, epigenetic alterations such as promoter CpG island hyper methylation are involved in the emergence of gastric cancer. Herein, we investigated the methylation status of CDH11, EphA5, and HS3ST2 genes in patients with and without gastric adenocarcinoma for the first time. METHODS In the study 40 paraffin-embedded tissue sections from gastric adenocarcinoma patients and 40 specimens from patients with functional dyspepsia were taken. DNA extraction was performed using a modified salting out method. Epizen DNA methylation kit was used to the bisulfite DNA conversion. The methylation status of CDH11, EphA5, and HS3ST2 genes were analyzed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) technique. RESULTS Among the 80 specimens, 71 DNA samples were achieved (34 gastric adenocarcinoma patients and 37 control patients). The results showed that CDH11, EphA5, and HS3ST2 genes are methylated in 28 (82.45%), 19 (55.88%), and 26 (76.47%) of 34 DNA samples from gastric adenocarcinoma patients, respectively, whereas, these genes are methylated in 7 (18.91%), 9 (24.32%) and 7 (18.91%) of 37 samples from noncancerous patients, respectively. Statistical analyses using a chi-squared test showed that there is a statistically significant difference in methylation level of CDH11, EphA5, and HS3ST2 genes between gastric cancer and uncancerous patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on methylation of CDH11, EphA5, and HS3ST2 promoters' in gastric adenocarcinoma patients using MSP. Identification of novel cancer-related molecular mechanisms can be useful in detection of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Eyvazi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mahdi Khamaneh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Bita Sepehri
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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SOX1 and PAX1 Are Hypermethylated in Cervical Adenocarcinoma and Associated with Better Prognosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3981529. [PMID: 33376722 PMCID: PMC7738792 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3981529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The increased risk and poor survival outcome of cervical adenocarcinoma (CAC) demand for effective early diagnostic biomarkers that can predict the disease progression and outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of methylation status of SOX1 and PAX1 in the detection and prognosis of CAC. Methods We performed a quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 205 cervical paraffin-embedded specimens (175 CACs, 30 noncancer cervical tissues). Overall and progression-free survival (OS and PFS, respectively) rates were calculated and compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic value of SOX1m and PAX1m on CAC patients was assessed by the Cox regression model. A mathematical formula combining SOX1m, PAX1m, and age was constructed for survival prediction. Results The methylation status of SOX1 and PAX1 was higher in CAC tissues than in noncancer cervical tissues. In addition, SOX1m-positive CAC patients showed a higher 5-year OS rate than SOX1m-negative patients. In CAC patients with smaller tumor size (<4 cm), the PAX1m-positive group showed a higher 5-year PFS rate than the PAX1m-negative group. In the algorithm combining SOX1m, PAX1m, and age, the low-risk group showed a better 5-year OS and PFS rate than the high-risk group. Conclusion SOX1 and PAX1 methylation levels are higher in CAC than in normal cervical tissues and are potential biomarkers for monitoring CAC prognosis.
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Gulberti S, Mao X, Bui C, Fournel-Gigleux S. The role of heparan sulfate maturation in cancer: A focus on the 3O-sulfation and the enigmatic 3O-sulfotransferases (HS3STs). Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 62:68-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhang L, Yu J, Huang W, Zhang H, Xu J, Cai H. A Sensitive and Simplified Classifier of Cervical Lesions Based on a Methylation-Specific PCR Assay: A Chinese Cohort Study. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2567-2576. [PMID: 32346310 PMCID: PMC7167279 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s246103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic and screening performance of a standardized methylation-specific real-time PCR assay targeting SOX1 and PAX1 genes for cervical cancer in a Chinese cohort. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from cervical exfoliated cells and converted by sodium bisulfite and then analyzed by qMSP assay. Ct values were collected for PAX1 and SOX1 as target genes and β-actin as an endogenous reference gene. The samples included 295 cervicitis, 111 LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), 51 HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and 30 cervical cancer. Results The Ct values decreased with the progression of cervical cancer from cervicitis, through LSIL and HSIL to cancer. The difference in Ct values between cytological grades was highly significant (p≤0.01) between grades either for PAX1 or for SOX1 except the difference between cervicitis and LSIL of SOX1. With the Ct cut-off values of PAX1 gene and SOX1 gene 38.6 and 38 and with the PAX1/SOX1 in combination, the positive rate of methylation in invasive cancer tissues was 100%, in contrast to 11.5% (95% CI: 8.67%–14.33%) in cervicitis tissues, 45.1% (95% CI: 40.68%–49.52%) in LSIL tissues, and 68.5% (95% CI: 64.37%–72.63%) in HSIL tissues. The specificity and sensitivity of differentiating tumors from cervicitis were 0.957 (95% CI: 0.939–0.975) and 1.00, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of differentiation between cervicitis+LSIL and HSIL+cervical cancer were 0.881 (95% CI: 0.852–0.91) and 0.748 (95% CI: 0.709–0.787), respectively. Conclusion PAX1/SOX1 methylation could be translated into clinical practice for cervical neoplasia detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Clinical Lab, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongning Cai
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province and Women and Children's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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8
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Abstract
The present study is to analyze the difference of gene methylation in early cervical adenocarcinoma and to find molecular markers for predicting the occurrence and development of cervical adenocarcinoma.A total of 15 cases of primary cervical adenocarcinoma and 10 cases of primary cervical squamous cell carcinoma at stages IB1 or IIA1 were included in the study. Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (850K) was used to screen specifically expressed genes in cervical adenocarcinoma tissues. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to verify the methylation levels in cervical adenocarcinoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and normal cervical tissues.Sex determining region Y-box 1 (SOX1) and cyclin D1 (CCND1) genes participated in multiple signaling pathways, being the central nodes of gene regulatory networks. SOX1 gene, but not CCND1 gene, was a specifically methylated gene in cervical adenocarcinoma according to BSP. According to qRT-PCR, methylation level of SOX1 in cervical adenocarcinoma tissues is significantly different from that in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues or normal cervical tissues, and the methylation level of CCND1 in cervical adenocarcinoma tissues or cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues is significantly different from that in normal cervical tissues.The present study demonstrates that tumor-suppressor gene SOX1 is a methylation-specific expression gene of cervical adenocarcinoma and is expected to become a specific molecular marker for the diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinoma. However, CCND1 gene was not proven to be a specific methylation expression gene in cervical adenocarcinoma in the present study.
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Denys A, Allain F. The Emerging Roles of Heparan Sulfate 3- O-Sulfotransferases in Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:507. [PMID: 31249810 PMCID: PMC6582251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the expression of heparan sulfate (HS)-modifying enzymes has been frequently observed in cancer. Consequently, dysregulation of the HS biosynthetic machinery results in dramatic changes in the HS structure, thereby impacting a range of pivotal cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and immune escape. HS 3-O-sulfotransferases (HS3STs) catalyse the maturation step of glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfation within HS chains. Although seven HS3ST isozymes have been described in human, 3-O-sulfation is a rare modification and only a few biological processes have been described to be influenced by 3-O-sulfated HS. An aberrant expression of HS3STs has been reported in a variety of cancers. Thus, it was suggested that changes in the expression of these enzymes as a result of tumorigenesis or tumor growth may critically influence cancer cell behavior. In accordance with this assumption, a number of studies have documented the epigenetic repression of HS3ST2 and HS3ST3A in many cancers. However, the situation is not so clear, and there is accumulating evidence that HS3ST2, HS3ST3A, HS3ST3B, and HS3ST4 may also act as tumor-promoting enzymes in a number of cancer cells depending on their phenotypes and molecular signatures. In this mini-review, we focus on the recent insights regarding the abnormal expression of HS3STs in cancer and discuss the functional consequences on tumor cell behavior. In term of clinical outcome, further investigations are needed to explore the potential value of HS3STs and/or their 3-O-sulfated products as targets for therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Denys
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Allain
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
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Fang C, Wang SY, Liou YL, Chen MH, Ouyang W, Duan KM. The promising role of PAX1 (aliases: HUP48, OFC2) gene methylation in cancer screening. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e506. [PMID: 30636379 PMCID: PMC6418350 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paired‐box gene 1 (PAX1), a member of the PAX family, plays a role in pattern formation during embryogenesis, and might be essential for development of the vertebral column. Methods PAX1 is silenced by methylation in several cancers and is considered a tumor suppressor gene. Our previous studies reported PAX1 as hypermethylated in cervical cancer tissues, thereby suggesting it as a potential screening marker. Recently, an increasing number of studies have confirmed PAX1 methylation as a promising biomarker in cervical cancer based on its excellent discriminatory ability between high‐grade cervical lesions and normal tissues, resulting in a reduced necessity for referral for colposcopy and biopsy. Additionally, PAX1 is also hypermethylated in other tumors, including those associated with epithelial ovarian cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma, and shows relatively good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of these tumors. Results This review summarizes reports of PAX1 methylation and its promising role in cancer screening, especially that associated with cervical cancer. Conclusion According to current evidence, combined testing for human papillomavirus and PAX1 methylation analysis represents an efficacious cervical cancer‐screening protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Postdoctoral Research Workstation of Clinical Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sai-Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Ligh Liou
- Xiangya Medical Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai-Ming Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Rogeri CD, Silveira HCS, Causin RL, Villa LL, Stein MD, de Carvalho AC, Arantes LMRB, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Possati-Resende JC, Antoniazzi M, Longatto-Filho A, Fregnani JHTG. Methylation of the hsa-miR-124, SOX1, TERT, and LMX1A genes as biomarkers for precursor lesions in cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 150:545-551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Wang XB, Cui NH, Liu XN, Ma JF, Zhu QH, Guo SR, Zhao JW, Ming L. Identification of DAPK1 Promoter Hypermethylation as a Biomarker for Intra-Epithelial Lesion and Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, TCGA, and GEO Datasets. Front Genet 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 30065752 PMCID: PMC6056635 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Promoter hypermethylation in death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) gene has been long linked to cervical neoplasia, but the established results remained controversial. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the associations of DAPK1 promoter hypermethylation with low-grade intra-epithelial lesion (HSIL), high-grade intra-epithelial lesion (HSIL), cervical cancer (CC), and clinicopathological features of CC. Methods: Published studies with qualitative methylation data were initially searched from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases (up to March 2018). Then, quantitative methylation datasets, retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, were pooled to validate the results of published studies. Results: In a meta-analysis of 37 published studies, DAPK1 promoter hypermethylation progressively increased the risk of LSIL by 2.41-fold (P = 0.012), HSIL by 7.62-fold (P < 0.001), and CC by 23.17-fold (P < 0.001). Summary receiver operating characteristic curves suggested a potential diagnostic value of DAPK1 promoter hypermethylation in CC, with a large area-under-the-curve of 0.83, a high specificity of 97%, and a moderate sensitivity of 59%. There were significant impacts of DAPK1 promoter hypermethylation on histological type (odds ratio (OR) = 3.53, P < 0.001) and FIGO stage of CC (OR = 2.15, P = 0.003). Then, a pooled analysis of nine TCGA and GEO datasets, covering 13 CPG sites within DAPK1 promoter, identified eight CC-associated sites, six sites with diagnostic values for CC (pooled specificities: 74–90%; pooled sensitivities: 70–81%), nine loci associated with the histological type of CC, and all 13 loci with down-regulated effects on DAPK1 mRNA expression. Conclusion: The meta-analysis suggests that DAPK1 promoter hypermethylation is significantly associated with the disease severity of cervical neoplasia. DAPK1 methylation detection exhibits a promising ability to discriminate CC from cancer-free controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning-Hua Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia-Nan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Fen Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ren Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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A prospective study on the predictive value of DNA methylation in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia prognosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298:589-596. [PMID: 29971561 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the predictive value of the DNA methylation levels of JAM3, SOX1, SLIT2, C13ORF18, and TERT in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia prognosis. METHOD In the present study, 139 cases were collected and followed up for 24 months. The DNA methylation levels of JAM3, SOX1, SLIT2, C13ORF18, and TERT were tested from their exfoliated cells. One-way ANOVA, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS The DNA methylation of the five genes was associated with prognosis of CIN. The levels of methylation increased as the progression of lesion for the prognosis. For CIN1, difference between DNA methylation of JAM3, SOX1, SLIT2, and C13ORF18 had significance statistically (P < 0.001). Sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (93.1%) of JAM3 were the highest compared with other genes for the prognosis of CIN1. In addition, for CIN2/3, DNA methylation of JAM3, SOX1, SLIT2, TERT, and C13ORF18 had difference statistically (P < 0.001). JAM3 were also the highest in sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (93.1%) compared with other genes for the prognosis of CIN2/3. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest for the first time that DNA methylation levels are associated with prognosis of CIN significantly. DNA methylation levels of some genes, especially JAM3, may serve as markers for the prediction of the CIN prognosis, including CIN1 nature prognosis and CIN2/3 after treatment.
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PAX1 Methylation as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Progression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Meta-analysis of Related Studies. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:1480-1488. [PMID: 28472814 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The methylation of paired box gene 1 (PAX1) has a great influence on the process of cervical lesion. However, available evidence for the association between PAX1 methylation and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are inconsistent. Here, we systematically reviewed and analyzed PAX1 methylation in progress of CIN. METHODS Two investigators independently searched eligible studies of PAX1 methylation and CIN that were published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases until November 30, 2016. We extracted clinicopathologic features of CIN and cervical cancel relevant to PAX1 methylation. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between PAX1 methylation and progression of patients with CIN. RESULTS Seven studies composed of 1055 patients with various stages of CIN and cervical cancel were eventually included. The results revealed that PAX1 methylation was associated with transition of CIN I to CIN II/III (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.04-0.19) and CIN II/III to cervical cancer (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05-0.46), and similar results were produced in sensitivity analysis. Also, we found that the OR value was associated with average age and number of patients, publication year, and study location of included articles. CONCLUSIONS PAX1 gene methylation was associated with the transition of CIN I to CIN II/III and CIN II/III to cervical cancer, so that it could be an auxiliary biomarker to estimate the risk of CIN progress. Moreover, PAX1 may help to determine appropriate reexaminations and treatment for patients with various stages of CIN.
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Xu L, Xu J, Hu Z, Yang B, Wang L, Lin X, Xia Z, Zhang Z, Zhu Y. Quantitative DNA methylation analysis of paired box gene 1 and LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 α genes in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541217 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is associated with tumorigenesis and may act as a potential biomarker for detecting cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to explore the methylation status of the paired box gene 1 (PAX1) and the LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 α (LMX1A) gene in a spectrum of cervical lesions in an Eastern Chinese population. This single-center study involved 121 patients who were divided into normal cervix (NC; n=28), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL; n=32), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL; n=34) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC; n=27) groups, according to biopsy results. Following extraction and modification of the DNA, quantitative assessment of the PAX1 and LMX1A genes in exfoliated cells was performed using pyrosequencing analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of each parameter and cut-off values of the percentage of methylation reference (PMR) for differentiation diagnosis. Analysis of variance was used to identify differences among groups. The PMR of the two genes was significantly higher in the HSIL and CSCC groups compared with that in the NC and LSIL groups (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detection of CSCC were 0.790, 0.837 and 0.809, respectively, using PAX1; and 0.633, 0.357 and 0.893, respectively, using LMX1A. These results indicated that quantitative PAX1 methylation demonstrates potential for cervical cancer screening, while further investigation is required to determine the potential of LMX1A methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Baohua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Ziyin Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Yunheng Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Cui Z, Xiao Z, Hu M, Jiang C, Lin Y, Chen Y. PAX1 and SOX1 methylation as an initial screening method for cervical cancer: a meta-analysis of individual studies in Asians. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:365. [PMID: 27826568 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.09.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations of gene or DNA methylation have been highlighted as promising biomarkers for early cervical cancer screening. Herein, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1) and sex determining region Y-box 1 (SOX1) methylation for cervical cancer detection. METHODS Eligible studies were retrieved by searching the electronic databases. Study quality was assessed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) checklist. The bivariate meta-analysis model was employed to plot the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS The pooled sensitivity of PAX1 methylation was estimated to be 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-0.75] in differentiating patients with HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) or CIN3+ (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type III/worse) or cervical cancer from normal individuals, corresponding to a specificity of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85-0.89) and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91. The SOX1 methylation test yielded an AUC of 0.82, under which, the pooled sensitivity was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.67-0.74) and specificity was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.61-0.67). Notably, the stratified analysis suggested that combing parallel testing of PAX1 methylation and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA (AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.89, 0.75, and 0.81, respectively) achieved higher accuracy than single HPV DNA testing (AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.77, 0.81, and 0.70, respectively). CONCLUSIONS PAX1 or SOX1 methylation has a prospect to be an auxiliary biomarker for cervical cancer screening, and parallel testing of PAX1 methylation and HPV DNA in cervical swabs confers an improved diagnostic accuracy than single HPV DNA testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Zhaolei Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Zhenzhou Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Minhua Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Chuanhui Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yansong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
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Nikolaidis C, Nena E, Panagopoulou M, Balgkouranidou I, Karaglani M, Chatzaki E, Agorastos T, Constantinidis TC. PAX1 methylation as an auxiliary biomarker for cervical cancer screening: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:682-6. [PMID: 26234429 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have implicated PAX1 epigenetic regulation in cervical neoplasia. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess PAX1 gene methylation as a potential biomarker in cervical cancer screening. METHODS A systematical search of all major databases was performed, in order to include all relevant publications in English until December 31(st) 2014. Studies with insufficient data, conducted in experimental models or associated with other comorbidities were excluded from the meta-analysis. Summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2(+)) versus normal, and CIN grade 3 or worse (CIN3(+)) versus normal, were estimated using the bivariate model. RESULTS Out of the 20 initially included studies, finally 7 (comprising of 1385 subjects with various stages of CIN and normal cervical pathology) met the inclusion criteria. The sensitivity of CIN2(+) versus normal was estimated to be 0.66 (CI 95%, 0.46-0.81) and the specificity 0.92 (CI 95%, 0.88-0.95). On the other hand, the sensitivity of CIN3(+) versus normal was 0.77 (CI 95%, 0.58-0.89) and the specificity 0.92 (CI 95%, 0.88-0.94). Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) in the former case was 0.923, and in the latter 0.931. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis support the utility of PAX1 methylation as an auxiliary biomarker in cervical cancer screening. PAX1 could be used effectively to increase the specificity of HPV DNA by detecting women with more advanced cervical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Nikolaidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece.
| | - Evangelia Nena
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Maria Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Ioanna Balgkouranidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Makrina Karaglani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Theodoros Agorastos
- IV. University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokrateion Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Theodoros C Constantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
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Parashar G, Capalash N. Promoter methylation-independent reactivation of PAX1 by curcumin and resveratrol is mediated by UHRF1. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:471-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tian X, Chen D, Zhang R, Zhou J, Peng X, Yang X, Zhang X, Zheng Z. Quantitative survey of multiple CpGs from 5 genes identifies CpG methylation panel discriminating between high- and low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:4. [PMID: 25699113 PMCID: PMC4334603 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-014-0037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of methylation biomarkers for cervical cancer often involved only few randomly selected CpGs per candidate gene analyzed by methylation-specific PCR-based methods, with often inconsistent results from different laboratories. We evaluated the role of different CpGs from multiple genes as methylation biomarkers for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Results We applied a mass spectrometry-based platform to survey the quantitative methylation levels of 34 CpG units from SOX1, PAX1, NKX6-1, LMX1A, and ONECUT1 genes in 100 cervical formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. We then used nonparametric statistics and Random Forest algorithm to rank significant CpG methylations and support vector machine with 10-fold cross validation and 200 times bootstrap resampling to build a predictive model separating CIN II/III from CIN I/normal subjects. We found only select CpG units showed significant differences in methylation between CIN II/III and CIN I/normal groups, while mean methylation levels per gene were similar between the two groups for each gene except PAX1. An optimal classification model involving five CpG units from SOX1, PAX1, NKX6-1, and LMX1A achieved 81.2% specificity, 80.4% sensitivity, and 80.8% accuracy. Conclusions Our study suggested that during CIN development, the methylation of CpGs within CpG islands is not uniform, with varying degrees of significance as biomarkers. Our study emphasizes the importance of not only methylated marker genes but also specific CpGs for identifying high-grade CINs. The 5-CpG classification model provides a promising biomarker panel for the early detection of cervical cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-014-0037-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Pathology, Aerospace Central Hospital, No. 15 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Xiuru Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005 China
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Methylation in the promoters of HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes is associated with cervical cancer in Uygur women in Xinjiang. Int J Biol Markers 2014; 29:e354-62. [PMID: 25198553 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the suitability of HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes as biomarkers for the early detection of cervical cancer in Uygur women in Xinjiang, China. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and HPV (HPV16 and HPV18)-specific PCR were performed on 110 cervical samples: 40 normal cervices, 10 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1), 10 CIN2, 10 CIN3 and 40 cervical cancer tissues. The expression of the 2 genes was measured by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in 10 methylation-positive and 10 methylation-negative cervical tissues. We found that both HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes were methylated in 38 of the 40 cervical cancer tissues, 9 of the 10 CIN3, and 6 of the 10 CIN2. In contrast, methylation of these 2 genes was found in only 1 of the 40 normal tissues and none of 10 CIN1. Furthermore, hypermethylated HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes were correlated with infection with HPV16 and HPV18 in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and cervical cancer (both p<0.05). The expression of HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes was lower in the methylation-positive cervical tissues than in the methylation-negative cervical tissues. Our results indicate that HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes may play important roles in HPV-induced cervical cancer and that patients with specific hypermethylated genes may have a greater risk of progressing to invasive cervical cancer.
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DNA methylation as a biomarker for the detection of hidden carcinoma in endometrial atypical hyperplasia. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 135:552-9. [PMID: 25449566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with atypical hyperplasia (AH) are often found to have endometrial carcinoma (EC) at hysterectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the hypermethylation of specific genes found by methylomic approaches to the study of gynecologic cancers is a biomarker for EC in women with AH. METHODS We evaluated the methylation of AJAP1, HS3ST2, SOX1, and PTGDR from 61 AH patients undergoing hysterectomy. Endometrial biopsy samples were analyzed by bisulfite conversion and quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. A methylation index was used to predict the presence of cancer. To confirm the silencing effects of DNA methylation, immunohistochemical analysis of AJAP1, HS3ST2, and SOX1 was performed using tissue microarray. RESULTS Fourteen (23%) patients had EC at hysterectomy. AJAP1, HS3ST2, and SOX1 were highly methylated in the EC patients' biopsy samples (p≤0.023). AJAP1, HS3ST2, and SOX1 protein expression was significantly higher in patients with AH only (p≤0.038). The predictive value of AJAP1, HS3ST2, and SOX1 methylation for EC was 0.81, 0.72, and 0.70, respectively. Combined testing of both AJAP1 and HS3ST2 methylation had a positive predictive value of 56%, methylation of any one of AJAP1, SOX1, or HS3ST2 had a 100% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS Hypermethylation of AJAP1, HS3ST2, and SOX1 is predictive of EC in AH patients. Testing for methylation of these genes in endometrial biopsy samples may be a hysterectomy-sparing diagnostic tool. Validation of these new genes as biomarkers for AH screening in a larger population-based study is warranted.
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Lai HC, Ou YC, Chen TC, Huang HJ, Cheng YM, Chen CH, Chu TY, Hsu ST, Liu CB, Hung YC, Wen KC, Yu MH, Wang KL. PAX1/SOX1 DNA methylation and cervical neoplasia detection: a Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (TGOG) study. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1062-74. [PMID: 24799352 PMCID: PMC4303175 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether PAX1/SOX1 methylation could be translated to clinical practice for cervical neoplasia detection when used alone and in combination with current cytology-based Pap screening. We conducted a multicenter case-control study in 11 medical centers in Taiwan from December 2009 to November 2010. Six hundred seventy-six patients were included in the analysis, including 330 in the training set and 346 in the testing set. Multiplex quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with a TaqMan probe system using a LightCycler 480 Real-Time PCR System (Roche). The level of human papilloma virus (HPV) was analyzed using a Hybrid Capture 2 system (Digene). Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to obtain the best cutoff values from the training data set. The sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies were validated in the testing set. The sensitivities for methylated ((m)) PAX1(m) and SOX1(m) and HPV testing for detecting CIN3(+) lesions were 0.64, 0.71, and 0.89, and the specificities were 0.91, 0.77, and 0.68, respectively. Combined parallel testing of PAX1(m)/SOX1(m) tests with Pap smearing showed superior specificity (0.84/0.71 vs. 0.66, respectively) and similar sensitivity (0.93/0.96 vs. 0.97) to the combination of Pap smear results and HPV testing. Thus, combined parallel testing using Pap smears and PAX1 or SOX1 methylation tests may provide better performance than a combination of Pap smears with HPV testing in detection for cervical neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Cheng Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fang J, Zhang H, Jin S. Epigenetics and cervical cancer: from pathogenesis to therapy. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5083-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Hwang JA, Kim Y, Hong SH, Lee J, Cho YG, Han JY, Kim YH, Han J, Shim YM, Lee YS, Kim DH. Epigenetic inactivation of heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 in lung cancer and its role in tumorigenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79634. [PMID: 24265783 PMCID: PMC3827134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was aimed at investigating the functional significance of heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 (HS3ST2) hypermethylation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methodology/ Principal Findings HS3ST2 hypermethylation was characterized in six lung cancer cell lines, and its clinical significance was analyzed using 298 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and 26 fresh-frozen tissues from 324 NSCLC patients. MS-HRM (methylation-specific high-resolution melting) and EpiTYPERTM assays showed substantial hypermethylation of CpG island at the promoter region of HS3ST2 in six lung cancer cell lines. The silenced gene was demethylated and re-expressed by treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC). A promoter assay also showed the core promoter activity of HS3ST2 was regulated by methylation. Exogenous expression of HS3ST2 in lung cancer cells H460 and H23 inhibited cell migration, invasion, cell proliferation and whereas knockdown of HS3ST2 in NHBE cells induced cell migration, invasion, and cell proliferation invitro. A negative correlation was observed between mRNA and methylation levels of HS3ST2 in 26 fresh-frozen tumors tissues (ρ = -0.51, P = 0.009; Spearman’s rank correlation). HS3ST2 hypermethylation was found in 95 (32%) of 298 primary NSCLCs. Patients with HS3ST2 hypermethylation in 193 node-negative stage I-II NSCLCs with a median follow-up period of 5.8 years had poor overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.25–3.58, P = 0.005) compared to those without HS3ST2 hypermethylation, after adjusting for age, sex, tumor size, adjuvant therapy, recurrence, and differentiation. Conclusions/ Significance The present study suggests that HS3ST2 hypermethylation may be an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival in node-negative stage I-II NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Hwang
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Hong
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Yong Gu Cho
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Han
- Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joungho Han
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mog Shim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Su Lee
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
- * E-mail: (YSL); (DHK)
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- * E-mail: (YSL); (DHK)
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DNA methylation of PAX1 as a biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:801-8. [PMID: 23907469 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES DNA methylation has been shown to be a promising cancer biomarker. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA methylation of three transcription factors, sex-determining region Y-box 1 (SOX1), paired box gene 1 (PAX1), and zinc-finger 582 (ZNF582), in detecting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted at Taipei Medical University Hospital in Taiwan with 31 cases of various oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas and 40 controls. Questionnaire data assessing environmental exposure, such as alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and betel nut chewing, were obtained from each participant. DNA from oral swabs were analyzed for methylation using quantitative methylation polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. Methylation status was determined using a methylation index. RESULTS Methylation levels of SOX1, PAX1, and ZNF582 were significantly higher in cancer patients (p = 0.02, p = 0.02, and p = 0.03, respectively). Patients with highly methylated SOX1, PAX1, and ZNF582 had an increased cancer risk with odds ratios (ORs) of 16.50 (95 % CI = 2.85-96.65), 60.57 (95 % CI = 5.85-629.94), and 5.07 (95 % CI = 1.08-23.76), respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.85, 0.78, and 0.78 for PAX1, SOX1, and ZNF582, respectively. When stratified based on environmental exposure, the AUC of PAX1 methylation (PAX1 (m) ) was 0.94 in environmental exposure-naïve subjects and 0.85 for SOX1 methylation in subjects who chewed betel nut. In general, the sensitivity and specificity of PAX1 (m) were 87 and 80 % for OSCC detection. The sensitivity of PAX1 (m) in subjects who chewed betel nut was 83 %, with a specificity of 75 %. CONCLUSIONS Testing PAX1 DNA methylation using oral swabs is a promising method for oral cancer detection. Combined assessments regarding betel nut consumption and DNA methylation can improve OSCC screening. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The double E (environmental and epigenetic) assessment is a potential strategy in OSCC screening.
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Bierkens M, Hesselink AT, Meijer CJLM, Heideman DAM, Wisman GBA, van der Zee AGJ, Snijders PJF, Steenbergen RDM. CADM1 and MAL promoter methylation levels in hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes increase proportional to degree and duration of underlying cervical disease. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1293-9. [PMID: 23456988 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Combined detection of cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) and T-lymphocyte maturation-associated protein (MAL) promoter methylation in cervical scrapes is a promising triage strategy for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-positive women. Here, CADM1 and MAL DNA methylation levels were analysed in cervical scrapes of hrHPV-positive women with no underlying high-grade disease, high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. CADM1 and MAL methylation levels in scrapes were first related to CIN-grade of the corresponding biopsy and second to CIN-grade stratified by the presence of 'normal' or 'abnormal' cytology as present in the accompanying scrape preceding the cervical biopsy. The scrapes included 167 women with ≤ CIN1, 54 with CIN2/3 and 44 with carcinoma. In a separate series of hrHPV-positive scrapes of women with CIN2/3 (n = 48), methylation levels were related to duration of preceding hrHPV infection (PHI; <5 and ≥ 5 years). Methylation levels were determined by quantitative methylation-specific PCR and normal cytology scrapes of hrHPV-positive women with histologically ≤ CIN1 served as reference. CADM1 and MAL methylation levels increased proportional to severity of the underlying lesion, showing an increase of 5.3- and 6.2-fold in CIN2/3, respectively, and 143.5- and 454.9-fold in carcinomas, respectively, compared to the reference. Methylation levels were also elevated in CIN2/3 with a longer duration of PHI (i.e. 11.5- and 13.6-fold, respectively). Moreover, per histological category, methylation levels were higher in accompanying scrapes with abnormal cytology than in scrapes with normal cytology. Concluding, CADM1 and MAL promoter methylation levels in hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes are related to the degree and duration of underlying cervical disease and markedly increased in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Bierkens
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Arbyn M, Roelens J, Simoens C, Buntinx F, Paraskevaidis E, Martin-Hirsch PPL, Prendiville WJ. Human papillomavirus testing versus repeat cytology for triage of minor cytological cervical lesions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 2013:CD008054. [PMID: 23543559 PMCID: PMC6457841 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008054.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSIL) are minor lesions of the cervical epithelium, detectable by cytological examination of cells collected from the surface of the cervix of a woman.Usually, women with ASCUS and LSIL do not have cervical (pre-) cancer, however a substantial proportion of them do have underlying high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN, grade 2 or 3) and so are at increased risk for developing cervical cancer. Therefore, accurate triage of women with ASCUS or LSIL is required to identify those who need further management.This review evaluates two ways to triage women with ASCUS or LSIL: repeating the cytological test, and DNA testing for high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (hrHPV) - the main causal factor of cervical cancer. OBJECTIVES Main objective To compare the accuracy of hrHPV testing with the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay against that of repeat cytology for detection of underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) or grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) in women with ASCUS or LSIL. For the HC2 assay, a positive result was defined as proposed by the manufacturer. For repeat cytology, different cut-offs were used to define positivity: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse (ASCUS+), low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions or worse (LSIL+) or high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+).Secondary objective To assess the accuracy of the HC2 assay to detect CIN2+ or CIN3+ in women with ASCUS or LSIL in a larger group of reports of studies that applied hrHPV testing and the reference standard (coloscopy and biopsy), irrespective whether or not repeat cytology was done. SEARCH METHODS We made a comprehensive literature search that included the Cochrane Register of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (through PubMed), and EMBASE (last search 6 January 2011). Selected journals likely to contain relevant papers were handsearched from 1992 to 2010 (December). We also searched CERVIX, the bibliographic database of the Unit of Cancer Epidemiology at the Scientific Institute of Public Health (Brussels, Belgium) which contains more than 20,000 references on cervical cancer.More recent searches, up to December 2012, targeted reports on the accuracy of triage of ASCUS or LSIL with other HPV DNA assays, or HPV RNA assays and other molecular markers. These searches will be used for new Cochrane reviews as well as for updates of the current review. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies eligible for inclusion in the review had to include: women presenting with a cervical cytology result of ASCUS or LSIL, who had undergone both HC2 testing and repeat cytology, or HC2 testing alone, and were subsequently subjected to reference standard verification with colposcopy and colposcopy-directed biopsies for histologic verification. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The review authors independently extracted data from the selected studies, and obtained additional data from report authors.Two groups of meta-analyses were performed: group I concerned triage of women with ASCUS, group II concerned women with LSIL. The bivariate model (METADAS-macro in SAS) was used to assess the absolute accuracy of the triage tests in both groups as well as the differences in accuracy between the triage tests. MAIN RESULTS The pooled sensitivity of HC2 was significantly higher than that of repeat cytology at cut-off ASCUS+ to detect CIN2+ in both triage of ASCUS and LSIL (relative sensitivity of 1.27 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.39; P value < 0.0001) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.4; P value 0.007), respectively. In ASCUS triage, the pooled specificity of the triage methods did not differ significantly from each other (relative specificity: 0.99 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.03; P value 0.98)). However, the specificity of HC2 was substantially, and significantly, lower than that of repeat cytology in the triage of LSIL (relative specificity: 0.66 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.75) P value < 0.0001). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS HPV-triage with HC2 can be recommended to triage women with ASCUS because it has higher accuracy (significantly higher sensitivity, and similar specificity) than repeat cytology. When triaging women with LSIL, an HC2 test yields a significantly higher sensitivity, but a significantly lower specificity, compared to a repeat cytology. Therefore, practice recommendations for management of women with LSIL should be balanced, taking local circumstances into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Arbyn
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
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WU JIANHONG, LIANG XUEAI, WU YUMEI, LI FENGSHUANG, DAI YINMEI. Identification of DNA methylation of SOX9 in cervical cancer using methylated-CpG island recovery assay. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:125-32. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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29
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Lendvai Á, Johannes F, Grimm C, Eijsink JJH, Wardenaar R, Volders HH, Klip HG, Hollema H, Jansen RC, Schuuring E, Wisman GBA, van der Zee AGJ. Genome-wide methylation profiling identifies hypermethylated biomarkers in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Epigenetics 2012; 7:1268-78. [PMID: 23018867 DOI: 10.4161/epi.22301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, such as aberrant DNA promoter methylation, are frequently observed in cervical cancer. Identification of hypermethylated regions allowing discrimination between normal cervical epithelium and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3), or worse, may improve current cervical cancer population-based screening programs. In this study, the DNA methylome of high-grade CIN lesions was studied using genome-wide DNA methylation screening to identify potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of cervical neoplasia. Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) combined with DNA microarray was used to compare DNA methylation profiles of epithelial cells derived from high-grade CIN lesions with normal cervical epithelium. Hypermethylated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified. Validation of nine selected DMRs using BSP and MSP in cervical tissue revealed methylation in 63.2-94.7% high-grade CIN and in 59.3-100% cervical carcinomas. QMSP for the two most significant high-grade CIN-specific methylation markers was conducted exploring test performance in a large series of cervical scrapings. Frequency and relative level of methylation were significantly different between normal and cancer samples. Clinical validation of both markers in cervical scrapings from patients with an abnormal cervical smear confirmed that frequency and relative level of methylation were related with increasing severity of the underlying CIN lesion and that ROC analysis was discriminative. These markers represent the COL25A1 and KATNAL2 and their observed increased methylation upon progression could intimate the regulatory role in carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our newly identified hypermethylated DMRs represent specific DNA methylation patterns in high-grade CIN lesions and are candidate biomarkers for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Lendvai
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Patel DA, Rozek LS, Colacino JA, Van Zomeren-Dohm A, Ruffin MT, Unger ER, Dolinoy DC, Swan DC, Onyekwuluje J, DeGraffinreid CR, Paskett ED. Patterns of cellular and HPV 16 methylation as biomarkers for cervical neoplasia. J Virol Methods 2012; 184:84-92. [PMID: 22664184 PMCID: PMC3396790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant promoter methylation of biologically relevant genes in cervical cancer and uneven CpG distribution within the human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) enhancer region have been reported. Cervical samples and questionnaires from 151 women screened for cervical cancer in Appalachian Ohio were analyzed. Methylation was measured by bisulfite sequencing in candidate gene sites in ESR1, DCC, p16, and LINE1 elements. Among 89 HPV 16-positive women, CpG sites in the E6 promoter and enhancer regions and the L1 region of the HPV 16 genome were measured. Methylation levels were compared by cervical cytology and HPV 16 status. HPV methylation was low regardless of cytology status, however E6 methylation was significantly higher in women with normal cytology. ESR1 and DCC methylation were significantly higher in HPV 16-positive women. Increased methylation at sites in the E6 promoter region was associated with lower odds of abnormal cytology. Increased methylation in candidate genes was associated with higher odds of abnormal cytology, particularly DCC region 2.4, DCC region 2.6, ESR1 region 3.2, and LINE1 site 1.2. HPV 16 genome CpG methylation was low except for the L1 region. In general, lower HPV 16 methylation and higher candidate gene methylation levels were associated with higher odds of abnormal cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya A. Patel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, FMB 307, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A
| | - Laura S. Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 S. Observatory, 6630 Tower, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, U.S.A
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 S. Observatory, 6630 Tower, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, U.S.A
| | - Adrienne Van Zomeren-Dohm
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 S. Observatory, 6630 Tower, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, U.S.A
| | - Mack T. Ruffin
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104-1213, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth R. Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop G-41, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, U.S.A
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 S. Observatory Street, 6638 SPH I Tower, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, U.S.A
| | - David C. Swan
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop G-41, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, U.S.A
| | - Juanita Onyekwuluje
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop G-41, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, U.S.A
| | - Cecilia R. DeGraffinreid
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, 525 Gateway Building C, 1590 N. High Street, Columbus, Ohio 43201, U.S.A
| | - Electra D. Paskett
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Suite 525, 1590 High Street, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A
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31
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Guenin S, Mouallif M, Deplus R, Lampe X, Krusy N, Calonne E, Delbecque K, Kridelka F, Fuks F, Ennaji MM, Delvenne P. Aberrant promoter methylation and expression of UTF1 during cervical carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42704. [PMID: 22880087 PMCID: PMC3411846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoter methylation profiles are proposed as potential prognosis and/or diagnosis biomarkers in cervical cancer. Up to now, little is known about the promoter methylation profile and expression pattern of stem cell (SC) markers during tumor development. In this study, we were interested to identify SC genes methylation profiles during cervical carcinogenesis. A genome-wide promoter methylation screening revealed a strong hypermethylation of Undifferentiated cell Transcription Factor 1 (UTF1) promoter in cervical cancer in comparison with normal ectocervix. By direct bisulfite pyrosequencing of DNA isolated from liquid-based cytological samples, we showed that UTF1 promoter methylation increases with lesion severity, the highest level of methylation being found in carcinoma. This hypermethylation was associated with increased UTF1 mRNA and protein expression. By using quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot, we showed that both UTF1 mRNA and protein are present in epithelial cancer cell lines, even in the absence of its two main described regulators Oct4A and Sox2. Moreover, by immunofluorescence, we confirmed the nuclear localisation of UTF1 in cell lines. Surprisingly, direct bisulfite pyrosequencing revealed that the inhibition of DNA methyltransferase by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine was associated with decreased UTF1 gene methylation and expression in two cervical cancer cell lines of the four tested. These findings strongly suggest that UTF1 promoter methylation profile might be a useful biomarker for cervical cancer diagnosis and raise the questions of its role during epithelial carcinogenesis and of the mechanisms regulating its expression.
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MESH Headings
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cervix Uteri/drug effects
- Cervix Uteri/metabolism
- Cervix Uteri/pathology
- Cluster Analysis
- Cytological Techniques
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Guenin
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Huang RL, Chang CC, Su PH, Chen YC, Liao YP, Wang HC, Yo YT, Chao TK, Huang HC, Lin CY, Chu TY, Lai HC. Methylomic analysis identifies frequent DNA methylation of zinc finger protein 582 (ZNF582) in cervical neoplasms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41060. [PMID: 22815913 PMCID: PMC3397950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite of the trend that the application of DNA methylation as a biomarker for cancer detection is promising, clinically applicable genes are few. Therefore, we looked for novel hypermethylated genes for cervical cancer screening. Methods and Findings At the discovery phase, we analyzed the methylation profiles of human cervical carcinomas and normal cervixes by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation coupled to promoter tiling arrays (MeDIP-on-chip). Methylation-specific PCR (MSP), quantitative MSP and bisulfite sequencing were used to verify the methylation status in cancer tissues and cervical scrapings from patients with different severities. Immunohistochemical staining of a cervical tissue microarray was used to confirm protein expression. We narrowed to three candidate genes: DBC1, PDE8B, and ZNF582; their methylation frequencies in tumors were 93%, 29%, and 100%, respectively. At the pre-validation phase, the methylation frequency of DBC1 and ZNF582 in cervical scraping correlated significantly with disease severity in an independent cohort (n = 330, both P<0.001). For the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) and worse, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of ZNF582 was 0.82 (95% confidence interval = 0.76–0.87). Conclusions Our study shows ZNF582 is frequently methylated in CIN3 and worse lesions, and it is demonstrated as a potential biomarker for the molecular screening of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Cancer Stem Cells, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Cancer Stem Cells, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Cancer Stem Cells, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Te Yo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Cancer Stem Cells, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Kuang Chao
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Center for Cervical Cancer Prevention, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tzu Chi Medical Center, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Cancer Stem Cells, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic form of gene regulation that is universally important throughout the life course, especially during in utero and postnatal development. DNA methylation aids in cell cycle regulation and cellular differentiation processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation profiles may be altered by diet and the environment, and that these profiles are especially vulnerable during development. Thus, it is important to understand the role of DNA methylation in developmental governance and subsequent disease progression. A variety of molecular methods exist to assay for global, gene-specific, and epigenome-wide methylation. Here we describe these methods and discuss their relative strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karilyn E Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abstract
Biochemical, epigenetic, genetic, and imaging biomarkers are used to identify people at high risk for developing cancer. In cancer epidemiology, epigenetic biomarkers offer advantages over other types of biomarkers because they are expressed against a person's genetic background and environmental exposure, and because epigenetic events occur early in cancer development. This chapter describes epigenetic biomarkers that are being used to study the epidemiology of different types of cancer. Because epigenetic alterations can be reversed by chemicals and activate gene expression, epigenetic biomarkers potentially have numerous clinical applications in cancer intervention and treatment and significant implications in public health. This review discusses cancer biomarkers, the characteristics of an ideal biomarker for cancer, and technologies for biomarker detection.
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Weiss D, Basel T, Sachse F, Braeuninger A, Rudack C. Promoter methylation of cyclin A1 is associated with human papillomavirus 16 induced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma independently of p53 mutation. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:680-8. [PMID: 21563216 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant promoter methylation of specific genes and infection with human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) are known risk factors for the development of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Little knowledge exists on the interaction of HPV16 infection and promoter methylation in HNSCC. The promoter methylation status of 12 genes (TIMP3, CDH1, CDKN2A, DAPK1, transcription factor 21 (TCF21), CD44, MLH1, MGMT, RASSF1, cyclin A1 (CCNA1), LARS2, and CEBPA) was evaluated by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 55 primary HNSCC and 31 controls. The results were correlated with HPV16 status and clinicopathological characteristics. CCNA1 and p53 protein expression were additionally determined by immunohistochemistry and compared with p53 mutation status. Methylation of DAPK1 (P = 0.043), CCNA1 (P = 0.016) and TCF21 (P = 0.0005) was significantly more present in HNSCC than in controls. The genes TIMP3 (P = 0.018) and CCNA1 (P = 0.015) showed higher methylation frequency in HPV16 positive HNSCC compared to HPV16 negative tumors. CCNA1 methylation did not correlate with CCNA1 protein expression and p53 mutation, respectively. Methylation of TCF21 was associated with higher age (P = 0.044) and nicotine abuse (P = 0.035). Methylation of CCNA1 was significantly more present in females (P = 0.003). Methylation of TCF21 and CCNA1 are important risk factors for HNSCC development. CCNA1 methylation may play a crucial role in HPV16-induced carcinogenesis of HNSCC independently of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weiss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Muenster, Germany
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