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The Analysis of Cell Cycle-related Proteins in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Versus High-grade Serous Carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019; 37:516-524. [PMID: 29019869 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In Japan, the frequency of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is twice as high as that in the United States and Europe. Often, patient prognosis with CCC is poor because of chemoresistance. Here, we focus on the cell cycle, which is one of the mechanisms of chemoresistance. To detect the informative markers and improve the strategy of chemotherapy for CCC, we performed immunohistochemical staining of cell cycle-related proteins in ovarian malignant tumors. We detected that each of the 29 samples of CCC and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) were necessary to reveal the significant differences in immunostaining and prognosis. We performed the immunostaining analysis using the antibodies of cell cycle-related proteins such as Ki-67, Cdt1, MCM7, and geminin. The positive rate of Cdt1 in the CCC group was significantly higher than that in the HGSC group (P<0.0001). However, the positive rate of geminin in the HGSC group was significantly higher than that in the CCC group (P<0.0001). The overall survival of CCC patients with high labeling index of Cdt1 was significantly worse than that of CCC patients with low labeling index of Cdt1 (P=0.004). The study results suggested that the cancer cells of CCC and HGSC exist in the G1 phase and S, G2, and M phases, respectively. The differences in cell cycle of CCC might be one of the reasons for chemotherapy resistance. Further investigations are necessary to reveal the usefulness of Cdt1 as a biomarker in CCC.
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Muinao T, Pal M, Deka Boruah HP. Origins based clinical and molecular complexities of epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1326-1345. [PMID: 29890249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all common gynaecological malignancies in women worldwide. Ovarian cancer comprises of >15 distinct tumor types and subtypes characterized by histopathological features, environmental and genetic risk factors, precursor lesions and molecular events during oncogenesis. Recent studies on gene signature profiling of different subtypes of ovarian cancer have revealed significant genetic heterogeneity between and within each ovarian cancer histological subtype. Thus, an immense interest have shown towards a more personalized medicine for understanding the clinical and molecular complexities of four major types of epithelial ovarian cancer (serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous). As such, further in depth studies are needed for identification of molecular signalling network complexities associated with effective prognostication and targeted therapies to prevent or treat metastasis. Therefore, understanding the metastatic potential of primary ovarian cancer and therapeutic interventions against lethal ovarian cancer for the development of personalized therapies is very much indispensable. Consequently, in this review we have updated the key dysregulated genes of four major subtypes of epithelial carcinomas. We have also highlighted the recent advances and current challenges in unravelling the complexities of the origin of tumor as well as genetic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thingreila Muinao
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India.
| | - Hari Prasanna Deka Boruah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India
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3
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Chen W, Wang W, Chen L, Chen J, Lu X, Li Z, Wu B, Yin L, Guan YQ. Long-term G 1 cell cycle arrest in cervical cancer cells induced by co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-γ polymeric drugs. J Mater Chem B 2017; 6:327-336. [PMID: 32254174 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A realistic control of cell cycle arrest is an attractive goal for the development of new effective anti-cancer drugs. Any clinical application of an effective anti-cancer drug necessarily relies on the understanding of cellular interaction mechanisms. In the present study, we prepared a co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-γ biomaterial, which showed a significant inhibition effect on cervical cancer cell growth, as demonstrated by a series of structural and cellular characterizations. We found that co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-α induced a long-term G1 phase cell cycle arrest in HeLa, SiHa, and CaSki cells, respectively. More surprisingly, the expression level of the p27 protein decreased, even when p27 mRNA was highly expressed. In addition, gene-chip results and microarray analysis showed that p57 may be downstream from p27, which acts as a direct regulator of the long-term G1 cell cycle arrest in these cells, leaving no escape for cervical cancer cells. Finally, we also investigated the anti-tumor mechanism of co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-γin vivo, using a nude mice animal model. To sum up, our findings suggested that the co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-γ can induce a long-term cell cycle arrest in cancer, thus serving as a very efficient tool for treating cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuya Chen
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China.
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Marini F, Cianferotti L, Giusti F, Brandi ML. Molecular genetics in primary hyperparathyroidism: the role of genetic tests in differential diagnosis, disease prevention strategy, and therapeutic planning. A 2017 update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 14:60-70. [PMID: 28740527 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2017.14.1.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most frequent endocrine disease in developed countries. It mainly occurs as sporadic cases (about 90-95% of cases), while only the remaining 5-10% is represented by familial inherited parathyroid disorders due to causative mutations in specific target genes. Clinical variability among the different familial parathyroid syndromes is generally linked to the specific mutated gene and it can predispose subjects to different manifestations of parathyroid pathology, various degrees of PHPT severity, persistence and/or after-surgery recurrences. Genetic tests is helpful in differential diagnosis favouring the recognition of the specific familial PHPT syndrome and, subsequently, in planning the most suitable surgical procedures and/or pharmacological interventions. Moreover, genetic test is important to recognise mutation carriers, within PHPT familial forms, even before the appearance of biochemical and/or clinical symptoms. This review resumes general concepts about genetic diagnosis of PHPT in familial hereditary syndromes, specifically describing why, when, and which genetic screenings should be performed in every specific PHPT-associated parathyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University Hospital of Florence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luisella Cianferotti
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University Hospital of Florence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University Hospital of Florence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University Hospital of Florence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Tassi RA, Todeschini P, Siegel ER, Calza S, Cappella P, Ardighieri L, Cadei M, Bugatti M, Romani C, Bandiera E, Zanotti L, Tassone L, Guarino D, Santonocito C, Capoluongo ED, Beltrame L, Erba E, Marchini S, D'Incalci M, Donzelli C, Santin AD, Pecorelli S, Sartori E, Bignotti E, Odicino F, Ravaggi A. FOXM1 expression is significantly associated with chemotherapy resistance and adverse prognosis in non-serous epithelial ovarian cancer patients. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:63. [PMID: 28482906 PMCID: PMC5422964 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a spectrum of different diseases, which makes their treatment a challenge. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is an oncogene aberrantly expressed in many solid cancers including serous EOC, but its role in non-serous EOCs remains undefined. We examined FOXM1 expression and its correlation to prognosis across the three major EOC subtypes, and its role in tumorigenesis and chemo-resistance in vitro. METHODS Gene signatures were generated by microarray for 14 clear-cell and 26 endometrioid EOCs, and 15 normal endometrium snap-frozen biopsies. Validation of FOXM1 expression was performed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in the same samples and additionally in 50 high-grade serous EOCs and in their most adequate normal controls (10 luminal fallopian tube and 20 ovarian surface epithelial brushings). Correlations of FOXM1 expression to clinic-pathological parameters and patients' prognosis were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards analyses. OVCAR-3 and two novel deeply characterized EOC cell lines (EOC-CC1 and OSPC2, with clear-cell and serous subtype, respectively) were employed for in vitro studies. Effects of FOXM1 inhibition by transient siRNA transfection were evaluated on cell-proliferation, cell-cycle, colony formation, invasion, and response to conventional first- and second-line anticancer agents, and to the PARP-inhibitor olaparib. Gene signatures of FOXM1-silenced cell lines were generated by microarray and confirmed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS A significant FOXM1 mRNA up-regulation was found in EOCs compared to normal controls. FOXM1 protein overexpression significantly correlated to serous histology (p = 0.001) and advanced FIGO stage (p = 0.004). Multivariate analyses confirmed FOXM1 protein overexpression as an independent indicator of worse disease specific survival in non-serous EOCs, and of shorter time to progression in platinum-resistant cases. FOXM1 downregulation in EOC cell lines inhibited cell growth and clonogenicity, and promoted the cytotoxic effects of platinum compounds, doxorubicin hydrochloride and olaparib. Upon FOXM1 knock-down in EOC-CC1 and OSPC2 cells, microarray and RT-qPCR analyses revealed the deregulation of several common and other unique subtype-specific FOXM1 putative targets involved in cell cycle, metastasis, DNA repair and drug response. CONCLUSIONS FOXM1 is up-regulated in all three major EOCs subtypes, and is a prognostic biomarker and a potential combinatorial therapeutic target in platinum resistant disease, irrespective of tumor histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata A Tassi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Paola Todeschini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Laura Ardighieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Romani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bandiera
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Zanotti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Tassone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Guarino
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University and Foundation Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Santonocito
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University and Foundation Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore D Capoluongo
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University and Foundation Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Beltrame
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Erba
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Marchini
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Donzelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sergio Pecorelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eliana Bignotti
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Odicino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Ravaggi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Lima G, Santos E, Angelo H, Oliveira M, Heráclio S, Leite F, de Melo C, Crovella S, Maia M, Souza P. Association between p21 Ser31Arg polymorphism and the development of cervical lesion in women infected with high risk HPV. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10935-41. [PMID: 26886286 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genes involved in cell cycle control, as p21 and p27, are important factors in the development of different types of human cancers. This study aims at investigating whether both the p21 Ser31Arg and p27 V109G polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to the development of cervical lesions in women HR-HPV positive. We analyzed 132 women HPV positive and with cervical lesions or CC and 154 healthy control (HPV negative and without cervical lesions). p21 Ser31Arg and p27 V109G polymorphisms were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and sequencing. The p21 31Arg allele was associated with susceptibility for the development of cervical lesions (P* = 0.0009), while p27 V109G polymorphism showed no significant differences for this association (P* = 0.89). However, the combined effect of the polymorphisms showed that the presence of the CC genotype (SNP p21 Ser31Arg) conferred protection for the development of cervical lesions (OR = 0.39). p21 Ser31Arg and p27 V109G polymorphisms were not associated with the grade of cervical lesions (CINI, CINII, and CINIII) or CC (P* > 0.05). The HR-HPV more frequent in this study were of 16 (57.6 %) and 18 (37.1 %) types; however, no association was observed when both polymorphisms and risk factors analyzed were compared (P* > 0.05). Our findings suggest a possible association between p21 Ser31tabArg polymorphism and susceptibility to the development of cervical lesions in women from Pernambuco. Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Lima
- Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Erinaldo Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Tropical Animal Science, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Hildson Angelo
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetic, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Pernambuco - Campus Garanhuns (IFPE/Garanhuns), Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - Micheline Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Science, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sandra Heráclio
- Departament of Lower Genital Tract Pathology, Women's Healthcare Center, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Leite
- Department of Biology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Celso de Melo
- Departament of Physics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetic, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Maia
- Post-Graduate Program in Tropical Animal Science, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Souza
- Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil. .,Post-Graduate Program in Tropical Animal Science, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil. .,Department of Biology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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7
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The expression of CDK1 is associated with proliferation and can be a prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4939-48. [PMID: 25910705 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) has been noted to correlation with several human cancers. However, the effects of CDK1 on ovarian cancer development remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of CDK1 and related mechanism in the proliferation and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 119 human ovarian cancer samples, and the data were correlated with clinicopathologic features. Furthermore, Western blot analysis was performed for CDK1 in EOC samples and cell lines to evaluate their protein levels and molecular interaction. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that strong expression of CDK1 exhibited a significant correlation with poor prognosis in human EOC (P = 0.02). Meanwhile, we found that knockdown CDK1 by shCDK1 promoted the apoptosis rate and increased the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. Thus, CDK1 might serve as a prognostic marker, and it might be of great value for experimental therapies in EOC.
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Circelli L, Ramundo V, Marotta V, Sciammarella C, Marciello F, Del Prete M, Sabatino L, Pasquali D, Izzo F, Scala S, Colao A, Faggiano A, Colantuoni V. Prognostic role of the CDNK1B V109G polymorphism in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1735-41. [PMID: 25824098 PMCID: PMC4511370 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKN1B encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27/Kip1. CDKN1B mutations and polymorphisms are involved in tumorigenesis; specifically, the V109G single nucleotide polymorphism has been linked to different tumours with controversial results. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by the development of different types of neuroendocrine tumours and increased incidence of other malignancies. A clear genotype-phenotype correlation in MEN1 has not been established yet. In this study, we assessed whether the CDKN1B V109G polymorphism was associated with the development of aggressive tumours in 55 consecutive patients affected by MEN1. The polymorphism was investigated by PCR amplification of germline DNA followed by direct sequencing. Baseline and follow-up data of tumour types and their severity were collected and associated with the genetic data. MEN1-related aggressive and other malignant tumours of any origin were detected in 16.1% of wild-type and 33.3% of polymorphism allele-bearing patients (P = NS). The time interval between birth and the first aggressive tumour was significantly shorter in patients with the CDKN1B V109G polymorphism (median 46 years) than in those without (median not reached; P = 0.03). Similarly, shorter was the time interval between MEN1 diagnosis and age of the first aggressive tumour (P = 0.02). Overall survival could not be estimated as 96% patients were still alive at the time of the study. In conclusion, CDKN1B V109G polymorphism seems to play a role in the development of aggressive tumours in MEN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Circelli
- Oncological Immunology, Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ramundo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Marotta
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Sciammarella
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Marciello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Del Prete
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lina Sabatino
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Daniela Pasquali
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Endocrinology Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Oncological Immunology, Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Oncological Immunology, Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colantuoni
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy.,Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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9
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A new tumour suppression mechanism by p27Kip1: EGFR down-regulation mediated by JNK/c-Jun pathway inhibition. Biochem J 2014; 463:383-92. [PMID: 25121353 PMCID: PMC4209780 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
p27Kip1 is a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases that drive G1-to-S cell-cycle transition. Reduced p27Kip1 expression is prevalent in a wide range of human tumours; however, the exact mechanism(s) of p27Kip1-mediated tumour suppression remains obscure. In the present study, we identified a close inverse relationship between p27Kip1 and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) expression: the parental T24 human bladder cancer cells had high p27Kip1 expression but low EGFR expression and, in striking contrast, the metastatic derivative of T24 (T24T) had low p27Kip1 expression but high EGFR expression. This relationship was also found in various human cancer tissues, and was not only just correlative but also causal; depletion of p27Kip1 in MEF (mouse embryonic fibroblast) cells resulted in markedly elevated EGFR expression, a result reproducible with an Egfr promoter-luciferase reporter in both T24 and MEF cells, suggesting transcriptional repression of EGFR by p27Kip1. Indeed, p27Kip1 was found to regulate EGFR expression via the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)/c-Jun transcription factor: p27Kip1 deficiency activated JNK/c-Jun, whereas inhibition of JNK/c-Jun by dominant-negative mutants dramatically repressed Egfr transcription. Furthermore, the proximal promoter of the Egfr gene was crucial for its transcription, where the recruiting activity of c-Jun was much greater in p27Kip1−/− cells than in p27Kip1+/+ cells. Introduction of GFP–p27Kip1 into T24T cells suppressed JNK/c-Jun activation, EGFR expression and anchorage-independent growth. The results of the present study demonstrate that p27Kip1 suppresses JNK/c-Jun activation and EGFR expression in MEFs and human bladder cancer cells, and the results obtained are consistent with those from human cancer specimens. The present study provides new insights into p27Kip1 suppression of cancer cell growth, migration and metastasis. An inverse relationship between p27Kip1 and EGFR expression in parental T24 human bladder cancer cells and various human cancer tissues was found. Depletion of p27Kip1 in cells markedly elevated EGFR expression through transcriptional repression of Egfr by p27Kip1 via the JNK/c-Jun cascade.
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10
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Beaufort CM, Helmijr JCA, Piskorz AM, Hoogstraat M, Ruigrok-Ritstier K, Besselink N, Murtaza M, van IJcken WFJ, Heine AAJ, Smid M, Koudijs MJ, Brenton JD, Berns EMJJ, Helleman J. Ovarian cancer cell line panel (OCCP): clinical importance of in vitro morphological subtypes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103988. [PMID: 25230021 PMCID: PMC4167545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and remains the most lethal gynaecological malignancy in the Western world. Therapeutic approaches need to account for inter-patient and intra-tumoural heterogeneity and detailed characterization of in vitro models representing the different histological and molecular ovarian cancer subtypes is critical to enable reliable preclinical testing. There are approximately 100 publicly available ovarian cancer cell lines but their cellular and molecular characteristics are largely undescribed. We have characterized 39 ovarian cancer cell lines under uniform conditions for growth characteristics, mRNA/microRNA expression, exon sequencing, drug response for clinically-relevant therapeutics and collated all available information on the original clinical features and site of origin. We tested for statistical associations between the cellular and molecular features of the lines and clinical features. Of the 39 ovarian cancer cell lines, 14 were assigned as high-grade serous, four serous-type, one low-grade serous and 20 non-serous type. Three morphological subtypes: Epithelial (n = 21), Round (n = 7) and Spindle (n = 12) were identified that showed distinct biological and molecular characteristics, including overexpression of cell movement and migration-associated genes in the Spindle subtype. Comparison with the original clinical data showed association of the spindle-like tumours with metastasis, advanced stage, suboptimal debulking and poor prognosis. In addition, the expression profiles of Spindle, Round and Epithelial morphologies clustered with the previously described C1-stromal, C5-mesenchymal and C4 ovarian subtype expression profiles respectively. Comprehensive profiling of 39 ovarian cancer cell lines under controlled, uniform conditions demonstrates clinically relevant cellular and genomic characteristics. This data provides a rational basis for selecting models to develop specific treatment approaches for histological and molecular subtypes of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corine M. Beaufort
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean C. A. Helmijr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M. Piskorz
- Functional Genomics of Ovarian Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marlous Hoogstraat
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicolle Besselink
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Muhammed Murtaza
- Molecular and Computational Diagnostics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anouk A. J. Heine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J. Koudijs
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - James D. Brenton
- Functional Genomics of Ovarian Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Els M. J. J. Berns
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jozien Helleman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Checkpoint kinase inhibitor AZD7762 overcomes cisplatin resistance in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2014; 24:61-9. [PMID: 24362713 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Checkpoint kinase (Chk) inhibitors are thought to increase the cytotoxic effects of DNA-damaging agents and are undergoing clinical trials. The present study was aimed to assess the potential to use the Chk1 and Chk2 inhibitor, AZD7762, with other anticancer agents in chemotherapy to treat ovarian clear cell carcinoma. METHODS Four ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell lines were used in this study. We treated the cells with AZD7762 and anticancer agents, then assessed cell viability, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and the expression of protein in apoptotic pathways and molecules downstream of the Chk signaling pathways. We also investigated the effects of these drug combinations on tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model. RESULTS Synergistic effects from the combination of AZD7762 and cisplatin were observed in all 4 cell lines. However, we observed additive effects when AZD7762 was combined with paclitaxel on all cell lines tested. AZD7762 effectively suppressed the Chk signaling pathways activated by cisplatin, dramatically enhanced expression of phosphorylated H2A.X, cleaved caspase 9 and PARP, decreased the proportion of cells in the gap 0/ gap 1 phase and the synthesis-phase fraction, and increased apoptotic cells. Combinations of small interfering RNA against Chk 1 and small interfering RNA against Chk2 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in both RMG-I and KK cells. Finally, treating mice-bearing RMG-I with AZD7762 and cisplatin significantly suppressed growth of tumors in a xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that chemotherapy with AZD7762 and cisplatin should be explored as a treatment modality for women with ovarian clear cell carcinoma.
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12
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Itamochi H, Kato M, Nishimura M, Oumi N, Oishi T, Shimada M, Sato S, Naniwa J, Sato S, Nonaka M, Kudoh A, Terakawa N, Kigawa J, Harada T. Establishment and characterization of a novel ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma cell line, TU-OC-1, with a mutation in the PIK3CA gene. Hum Cell 2013; 26:121-7. [PMID: 23430509 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-013-0062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A new cell line of human ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCC), TU-OC-1, was established and characterized. The cells showed a polygonal-shaped morphology and grew in monolayers without contact inhibition and were arranged like a jigsaw puzzle. The chromosome numbers ranged from 64 to 90. A low rate of proliferation was observed, similar to other CCC cell lines tested (OVTOKO, RMG-I, and OVAS), and the doubling time was 38.4 h. The respective IC50 values of cisplatin and paclitaxel were 12.2 μM and 58.3 nM. Mutational analysis revealed that TU-OC-1 cells harbored a PIK3CA mutation at codon 542 (E542K) in exon 9, which is a mutation hot spot on this gene. We observed that phosphorylated Akt protein was overexpressed in TU-OC-1 cells by western blot analysis. Heterotransplantation to nude mice produced tumors that reflected the original. This cell line may be useful to study the chemoresistant mechanisms of CCC and contribute to novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Itamochi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan.
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13
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Alterations of phosphoproteins in NCI-H526 small cell lung cancer cells involved in cytotoxicity of cisplatin and titanocene Y. Neoplasia 2013; 14:813-22. [PMID: 23019413 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
First-line treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with combination chemotherapy consisting of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) and etoposide is frequently followed by early relapses and a dismal prognosis. Survival of a fraction of tumor cells and development of chemoresistance may be influenced by an initial cellular stress response against the administered xenobiotics. Therefore, we compared the short-term effects of cisplatin and non-cross-resistant bis-[(p-methoxybenzyl)cyclopentadienyl] titanium(IV) dichloride (Titanocene Y) on phosphorylation of 46 sites of a total of 38 signaling proteins in tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53)-wild-type NCI-H526 SCLC cells. The functional significance of selected kinases for the cytotoxicity of both drugs was tested using specific inhibitors and an activator. The cisplatin-induced cellular stress response involved activation of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase, whereas Titanocene Y-triggered signaling affected c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) was increased by both drugs, which promoted cell survival, as indicated by results obtained using AMPK inhibitor compound C and AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-d-ribofuranoside. This is in good agreement with previous reports, where AMPKα1 was demonstrated to represent an important factor for the sensitivity to cisplatin in colon and ovarian cancers, most likely by induction of autophagy. Thus, AMPKα1 constitutes a potential target to be exploited for chemotherapeutic treatment of SCLC to circumvent resistance to metal-based compounds.
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14
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Pérez-Sanz J, Arluzea J, Matorras R, González-Santiago N, Bilbao J, Yeh N, Barlas A, Romin Y, Manova-Todorova K, Koff A, de la Hoz C. Increased number of multi-oocyte follicles (MOFs) in juvenile p27Kip1 mutant mice: potential role of granulosa cells. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:1023-30. [PMID: 23300200 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Why are female mice that lack a functional p27 protein infertile? SUMMARY ANSWER The absence of a functional p27 leads to a dramatic increase in the number of multi-oocyte follicles (MOFs) in juvenile female mice; p27 would promote the individualization of follicles favoring the development of fertile eggs. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY p27-/- female mice are infertile. p27 suppresses excessive follicular endowment and activation and promotes follicular atresia in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovaries from wild type (WT) and p27Kip1 mutant mice aged 2, 4 and 12 weeks were subjected to immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence. The slides with whole organs serially sectioned were scanned and examined by image analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Compared with WT, p27Kip1 mutant pre-pubertal mice had a greater number of oocytes, a greater number of growing follicles and a greater number of MOFs. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05), particularly in the case of MOFs (P > 0.001). The unusually large number of MOFs in juvenile p27-deficient mice is a novel observation. In WT mice p27 protein remains present in the oocyte nucleus but gradually decreases in the ooplasm during follicular growth, while granulosa cells show dynamic, follicle stage-related changes. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION These results have been obtained in mice and they cannot be directly extrapolated to humans. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The dramatic increase in the numbers of MOFs in juvenile p27 mutants has not been previously reported. The number of MOFs declines sharply as the mice become sexually mature, pointing to their negative selection. These findings open a new approach to the study of sterility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study has been funded by the Basque Government, Dept. of Health grant 2007111063 and Dept. of Industry (Saiotek) grant S-PC11UN008. Jairo Perez-Sanz was the recipient of a grant from Fundación Jesús de Gangoiti Barrera. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pérez-Sanz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Spain
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15
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Fujiwara S, Terai Y, Kawaguchi H, Takai M, Yoo S, Tanaka Y, Tanaka T, Tsunetoh S, Sasaki H, Kanemura M, Tanabe A, Yamashita Y, Ohmichi M. GPR30 regulates the EGFR-Akt cascade and predicts lower survival in patients with ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2012; 5:35. [PMID: 23163984 PMCID: PMC3543193 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-5-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED OBJECTIVES G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) is a 7-transmembrane estrogen receptor that functions alongside traditional estrogen receptors to regulate the cellular responses to estrogen. Recent studies suggest that GPR30 expression is associated with a poor prognosis, and that this is due to the GPR30-mediated transactivation of the EGFR in breast cancer. However, the biological contribution of GPR30 in ovarian cancer remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationships between GPR30 expression and the clinicopathological findings, and to determine how the signaling cascade influences the prognosis of ovarian cancer. METHODS The expression levels of GPR30, EGFR, ERα, and ERβ were analyzed using an immunohistochemical analysis, and their correlations with the clinicopathological features were examined in 10 patients with borderline malignant tumors and 152 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. We also examined whether GPR30 signaling activates the EGFR-Akt pathway in an ovarian cancer cell line (Caov-3) by a Western blotting analysis. RESULTS The GPR30 expression in ovarian carcinomas was significantly higher than that in borderline malignancies (p=0.0016), and was not associated with the expression of the EGFR, ERα, or ERβ. The expression of GPR30 in clear cell carcinomas was significantly lower than that in other subtypes of cancer (P <; 0.001). The expression of both GPR30 and EGFR was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in terms of the progression-free survival rate. The phosphorylation of the EGFR and Akt could be significantly enhanced by G1 (p <; 0.05) and inhibited by a Src family kinase inhibitor. CONCLUSION The expression of both GPR30 and EGFR is associated with a poor outcome in ovarian cancer, and GPR30 increases the phosphorylation of Akt via the EGFR in ovarian cancer cells. The regulation of GPR30 might be a potentially useful new therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoe Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
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Wei F, Xu J, Tang L, Shao J, Wang Y, Chen L, Guan X. p27(Kip1) V109G polymorphism and cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:665-71. [PMID: 22823061 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationship between the p27Kip1 (here after referred to as p27) V109G polymorphism and cancer risk has been extensively studied; however, results from different studies were not fully consistent. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the correlation between the p27V109G polymorphism and the cancer risk. Articles on the relationship of the p27V109G polymorphism with cancer risk were searched from Medline, Pub Med, and Web of science databases. A total of eight eligible studies with 3591 cases and 3799 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, it seemed that the G allele was not associated with the elevated cancer risk (pooled odds ratio [OR]=0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-1.09, p=0.68, fixed effects). Analyses in different populations revealed that no statistically significant associations between the G allele and cancer risk were demonstrated in Caucasians or Asians. When analyzed in different types of cancer that, from two studies, the G allele was found to be associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer in a dominant genetic model (pooled OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.36-0.98, p=0.04, fixed effects), but did not alter the breast cancer risk from four studies. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicated that the p27V109G polymorphism did not correlate with the overall cancer risk in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Shigetomi H, Higashiura Y, Kajihara H, Kobayashi H. Targeted molecular therapies for ovarian cancer: an update and future perspectives (Review). Oncol Rep 2012; 28:395-408. [PMID: 22641286 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the potential gene expression profiles of epithelial ovarian cancer and the arrival of newly targeted therapies have advanced the strategies used for treatment of this disease. This review focuses on the design of ongoing and planned clinical trials and offers a synopsis of the English-language literature for preclinical and clinical targeted therapies for epithelial ovarian cancer. Among many targeted agents, a promising, novel class of targeted drugs for special patient populations expected to improve the effectiveness of current therapy include inhibitors of angiogenesis, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DNA repair mechanisms. Inhibition of PARP or homologous recombination (HR) repair mediated by Chk1 (checkpoint kinase 1) would selectively sensitize p53 mutation, BRCAness phenotype (serous type ovarian cancer) or HNF (hepatocyte nuclear factor)-1β-overexpressing tumor cells (clear cell type ovarian cancer) to chemotherapeutic agents. The therapeutic response is likely to be limited to a targeted patient, but not to the broad population. This review discusses some of the key current developments and existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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