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Bhatla N, Tomar S, Meena J, Sharma DN, Kumar L. Adjuvant treatment in cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 78:36-51. [PMID: 34426088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary surgical management is successful as the sole therapeutic modality in the majority of women with early-stage cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancer, but the presence of certain risk factors in the surgico-pathological specimen indicates a poorer prognosis. Adjuvant treatment can improve overall survival in such cases. Important risk factors in cervical cancer include intermediate-risk factors (large tumor size, deep cervical stromal invasion, lymph-vascular space invasion) and high-risk factors (positive or close margins, lymph nodes, or parametrial involvement). In vulvar cancer, positive margins and lymph nodes are the two most important factors for adjuvant therapy. Radiation therapy has been the mainstay of adjuvant therapy in these cancers, supplemented by chemotherapy. Recent advances have witnessed the inclusion of newer therapeutic modalities such as immunotherapy. This review addresses the current status of various adjuvant therapeutic modalities for these gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Swati Tomar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Meena
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Daya Nand Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Frascotti G, Galbiati E, Mazzucchelli M, Pozzi M, Salvioni L, Vertemara J, Tortora P. The Vault Nanoparticle: A Gigantic Ribonucleoprotein Assembly Involved in Diverse Physiological and Pathological Phenomena and an Ideal Nanovector for Drug Delivery and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040707. [PMID: 33572350 PMCID: PMC7916137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent decades, a molecular complex referred to as vault nanoparticle has attracted much attention by the scientific community, due to its unique properties. At the molecular scale, it is a huge assembly consisting of 78 97-kDa polypeptide chains enclosing an internal cavity, wherein enzymes involved in DNA integrity maintenance and some small noncoding RNAs are accommodated. Basically, two reasons justify this interest. On the one hand, this complex represents an ideal tool for the targeted delivery of drugs, provided it is suitably engineered, either chemically or genetically; on the other hand, it has been shown to be involved in several cellular pathways and mechanisms that most often result in multidrug resistance. It is therefore expected that a better understanding of the physiological roles of this ribonucleoproteic complex may help develop new therapeutic strategies capable of coping with cancer progression. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge. Abstract The vault nanoparticle is a eukaryotic ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of 78 individual 97 kDa-“major vault protein” (MVP) molecules that form two symmetrical, cup-shaped, hollow halves. It has a huge size (72.5 × 41 × 41 nm) and an internal cavity, wherein the vault poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (vPARP), telomerase-associated protein-1 (TEP1), and some small untranslated RNAs are accommodated. Plenty of literature reports on the biological role(s) of this nanocomplex, as well as its involvement in diseases, mostly oncological ones. Nevertheless, much has still to be understood as to how vault participates in normal and pathological mechanisms. In this comprehensive review, current understanding of its biological roles is discussed. By different mechanisms, vault’s individual components are involved in major cellular phenomena, which result in protection against cellular stresses, such as DNA-damaging agents, irradiation, hypoxia, hyperosmotic, and oxidative conditions. These diverse cellular functions are accomplished by different mechanisms, mainly gene expression reprogramming, activation of proliferative/prosurvival signaling pathways, export from the nucleus of DNA-damaging drugs, and import of specific proteins. The cellular functions of this nanocomplex may also result in the onset of pathological conditions, mainly (but not exclusively) tumor proliferation and multidrug resistance. The current understanding of its biological roles in physiological and pathological processes should also provide new hints to extend the scope of its exploitation as a nanocarrier for drug delivery.
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Li Y, Lu K, Zhao B, Zeng X, Xu S, Ma X, Zhi Y. Depletion of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor increases radiosensitivity in colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:1135-1145. [PMID: 33456988 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although radiation therapy for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is very effective in some patients, treatment resistance limits its efficacy. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) can affect tumor responsiveness and sensitivity to radiation in several cancer types. Herein, we studied the underlying function of IGF1R in the resistance of advanced CRC to radiation therapy and the possible use of drugs targeting IGF1R to overcome this resistance in patients with CRC. Methods Differences in the expression levels of the IGF1R were assessed in CRC samples from patients who were radiosensitive or radioresistant. Two radio-resistant colorectal cancer cell lines, SW480 and HT29, were selected for in vitro studies, and the involvement of the IGF1R in their radiation resistance was elucidated by suppressing its expression through a targeted siRNA and through the use of a specific IGF1R inhibitor, BMS-754807. We assessed radiosensitivity in these human CRC cells lines by examining their proliferation and colony formation, as well as cell cycle analysis. Activation of the Akt pathway was assessed using western blotting. Results Compared with tissues from radiosensitive patients, higher IGF1R expression levels were found in patients with radiation-resistant colorectal cancer, while BMS-754807 had improved radiosensitivity and reversed radiation tolerance in both colorectal cancer cell lines. Pre-treatment with BMS-754807 prior to irradiation inhibited Akt phosphorylation, induced cell cycle arrest, and increased DNA damage. Therefore, the IGF1R contributes to radiation resistance of CRC cells in vitro. Conclusions This study supports the notion that the radiosensitivity of radiation-resistant colorectal cancer cells can be enhanced by directly targeting IGF1R expression or activity. Ultimately, the combination of radiotherapy with IGF1R targeted inhibitors could potentially increase its effectiveness in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kui Lu
- Department of Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Taizhou City, Taizhou, China
| | - Ben Zhao
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaokui Zeng
- Department of Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunqing Zhi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Szymonowicz KA, Chen J. Biological and clinical aspects of HPV-related cancers. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:864-878. [PMID: 33299640 PMCID: PMC7721094 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related diseases represent the second overall cause of death worldwide. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is an infectious agent which is mainly sexually transmitted and may lead to HPV-associated cancers in both men and women. Almost all cervical cancers are HPV-associated, however, an increasing number of head and neck cancers (HNCs), especially oropharyngeal cancer, can be linked to HPV infection. Moreover, anogenital cancers, including vaginal, vulvar, penial, and anal cancers, represent a subset of HPV-related cancers. Whereas testing and prevention of cervical cancer have significantly improved over past decades, anogenital cancers remain more difficult to confirm. Current clinical trials including patients with HPV-related cancers focus on finding proper testing for all HPV-associated cancers as well as improve the currently applied treatments. The HPV viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, lead to degradation of, respectively, p53 and pRb resulting in entering the S phase without G1 arrest. These high-risk HPV viral oncogenes alter numerous cellular processes, including DNA repair, angiogenesis, and/or apoptosis, which eventually result in carcinogenesis. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of gene expression and alteration among a panel of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) repair genes in HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNC cancers reveals differences pointing to HPV-dependent modifications of DNA repair processes in these cancers. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding HPV-related cancers, current screening, and treatment options as well as DNA damage response-related biological aspects of the HPV infection and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Anna Szymonowicz
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Baizig NM, Wided BA, Amine OE, Gritli S, ElMay M. The Clinical Significance of IGF-1R and Relationship with Epstein-Barr Virus Markers: LMP1 and EBERs in Tunisian Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020; 129:1011-1019. [PMID: 32468823 DOI: 10.1177/0003489420929362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tunisia is in the endemic area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) based assays have been commonly used as standard markers for screening and monitoring the disease. So, it is very important to find novel factors for the early diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of this cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of IGF-1R (Insulin Growth Factor Receptor 1), LMP 1 (Latent Membrane Protein 1) and EBERs (EBV encoded RNAs) in order to determine their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters and survival rates in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We also looked for the relationship between these biomarkers. METHODS IGF-1R and LMP1 expression was performed by means of immunohistochemical method and EBERs were detected using in situ hybridization of paraffin embedded tumor tissues of 94 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 45 non-cancerous nasopharyngeal mucosa samples. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that IGF-1R was over expressed in 47.87% of NPC patients and only in 2.22% of controls. Positive LMP1 expression was detected in 56.38% of NPC patients and all NPC patients were positive for the EBV-encoded RNAs staining. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between IGF-1R expression and the tumor size (P < .001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that NPC patients with a strong IGF-1R expression level have shorter median and 5-year Overall Survival than those with weak expression rates (100.15 vs 102.68 months, P = .08). In addition, median and 5-year Disease-Free Survival was significantly lower in the LMP1 positive NPC patients than in the LMP1 negative ones (53.38 vs 93.37 months, P = .03). Moreover, LMP1 expression correlated strongly with IGF-1R expression (P = .018). The relationship between these two biomarkers could influence patient survival. CONCLUSION IGF1-R and LMP1 could be valuable prognostic markers in Tunisian NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehla Mokni Baizig
- Immuno-Histo-Cytology Laboratory, Salah Azaiz Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Ayoub Wided
- Department of statistics and medical informatics, Salah Azaiz Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa El Amine
- Immuno-Histo-Cytology Laboratory, Salah Azaiz Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Said Gritli
- ENT Department, Salah Azaiz Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Michele ElMay
- Research Unit 17/ ES/13, Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
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Deo A, Chaudhury S, Kannan S, Rekhi B, Maheshwari A, Gupta S, Ray P. IGF1R predicts better survival in high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer patients and correlates with hCtr1 levels. Biomark Med 2019; 13:511-521. [PMID: 31140856 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the potential of IGF1R as a prognostic marker for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients. Patients & methods: The expression levels of IGF1R and drug transporters (ABCB1, hCtr1) were measured longitudinally in chemo-naive and chemo-treated tumor samples from 19 HGSOC patients, and their correlation with the clinical outcome was examined. Results: IGF1R expression was significantly upregulated in treated tumor samples, which positively correlated with hCtr1 levels. Patients with metastatic tumors with IGF1R expression higher than median showed better overall survival (median not reached) and disease-free survival (26.7 months) than those with less than median expression (overall survival: 27.5 months [p = 0.029]; disease-free survival: 11.9 months [p = 0.014]). Conclusion: IGF1R prognosticates prolonged survival in HGSOC patients, possibly due to its positive correlation with hCtr1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Deo
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smrita Chaudhury
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sadhana Kannan
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bharat Rekhi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India.,Tata Memorial Hospital, Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amita Maheshwari
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India.,Tata Memorial Hospital, Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India.,Tata Memorial Hospital, Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
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Cervical cancer cell lines are sensitive to sub-erythemal UV exposure. Gene 2018; 688:44-53. [PMID: 30517878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the causative agent in virtually every cervical cancer as well as a host of other anogenital and oropharyngeal malignancies. These viruses must activate DNA repair pathways to facilitate their replication, while avoiding the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis that can accompany DNA damage. HPV oncoproteins facilitate each of these goals, but also reduce genome stability. Our data dissect the cytotoxic and cytoprotective characteristics of HPV oncogenes in cervical cancer cells. These data show that while the transformation of keratinocytes by HPV oncogene leaves these cells more sensitive to UV, the oncogenes also protect against UV-induced apoptosis. Cisplatin and UV resistant cervical cancer cell lines were generated and probed for their sensitivity to genotoxic agents. Cervical cancer cells can acquire resistance to one DNA crosslinking agent (UV or cisplatin) without gaining broad tolerance of crosslinked DNA. Further, cisplatin resistance may or may not result in sensitivity to PARP1 inhibition.
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Abedi J, Saatloo MV, Nejati V, Hobbenaghi R, Tukmechi A, Nami Y, Khosroushahi AY. Selenium-Enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reduces the Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 185:424-432. [PMID: 29468612 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality in the world while malnutrition is responsible for one third of the problem. Selenium has been recommended for prevention of colorectal cancer. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae in reducing colorectal cancer progression in rats. Five groups of 170-200-g weight rats (n = 40) including healthy and cancer controls, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, selenium, and selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae-treated groups were examined. All animals except healthy control group received 40 mg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) per kilogram weight of rat twice a week. The healthy group received normal saline, and synchronously, selenium group received soluble selenium (4 mg/mL), Saccharomyces cerevisiae and selenium-enriched groups received yeast with the density of 5 × 108 CFU/mL by daily gavage. All treatments were carried out for 5 weeks after the last injection. Animals were autopsied, and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) of ejected colon were studied in the 40th week. Microscopic sections were prepared for hematoxylin and eosin. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of CD31, BCL2, and P53 antibodies was performed. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations showed that DMH had the least destructive effect in selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae group compared to other groups. Selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces colorectal cancer progression by various mechanisms such as reduction in the number and size of ACF and alteration in the function of the proteins such as P53, BCL2, and CD31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh Abedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maedeh Vakili Saatloo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Urmia University of Medical Science, Nazloo Street, P.O. Box 57147-83734, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rahim Hobbenaghi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Tukmechi
- Department of Pathobiology and Quality control, Artemia and Aquatic Animals Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Nami
- Branch for North-West and West region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, P.O.Box 51548-53431, Tabriz, Iran.
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Oliva CR, Halloran B, Hjelmeland AB, Vazquez A, Bailey SM, Sarkaria JN, Griguer CE. IGFBP6 controls the expansion of chemoresistant glioblastoma through paracrine IGF2/IGF-1R signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:61. [PMID: 30231881 PMCID: PMC6148802 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most common and most lethal of the primary brain tumors, are characterized by marked intra-tumor heterogeneity. Several studies have suggested that within these tumors a restricted population of chemoresistant glioma cells is responsible for recurrence. However, the gene expression patterns underlying chemoresistance are largely unknown. Numerous efforts have been made to block IGF-1R signaling pathway in GBM. However, those therapies have been repeatedly unsuccessful. This failure may not only be due to the complexity of IGF receptor signaling, but also due to complex cell-cell interactions in the tumor mass. We hypothesized that differential expression of proteins in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system underlie cell-specific differences in the resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) within GBM tumors. METHODS Expression of IGF-1R was analyzed in cell lines, patient-derived xenograft cell lines and human biopsies by cell surface proteomics, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function strategies, we dissected the molecular mechanism responsible for IGF-binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) tumor suppressor functions both in in vitro and in vivo. Site direct mutagenesis was used to study IGFBP6-IGF2 interactions. RESULTS We determined that in human glioma tissue, glioma cell lines, and patient-derived xenograft cell lines, treatment with TMZ enhances the expression of IGF1 receptor (IGF-1R) and IGF2 and decreases the expression of IGFBP6, which sequesters IGF2. Using chemoresistant and chemosensitive wild-type and transgenic glioma cells, we further found that a paracrine mechanism driven by IGFBP6 secreted from TMZ-sensitive cells abrogates the proliferation of IGF-1R-expressing TMZ-resistant cells in vitro and in vivo. In mice bearing intracranial human glioma xenografts, overexpression of IGFBP6 in TMZ-resistant cells increased survival. Finally, elevated expression of IGF-1R and IGF2 in gliomas associated with poor patient survival and tumor expression levels of IGFBP6 directly correlated with overall survival time in patients with GBM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the view that proliferation of chemoresistant tumor cells is controlled within the tumor mass by IGFBP6-producing tumor cells; however, TMZ treatment eliminates this population and enriches the TMZ-resistant cell populationleading to accelerated growth of the entire tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R. Oliva
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, 4210 Medical Education and Biomedical Research Facility (MERF), The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - Brian Halloran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Anita B. Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Ana Vazquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 USA
| | - Shannon M. Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902 USA
| | - Corinne E. Griguer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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Venkatachalam S, Mettler E, Fottner C, Miederer M, Kaina B, Weber MM. The impact of the IGF-1 system of cancer cells on radiation response - An in vitro study. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 7:1-8. [PMID: 29594222 PMCID: PMC5862664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is associated with increased cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and tumorigenicity. Additionally, signaling involved in the resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapy originates from IGF-1R. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the IGF-1 system in the radiation response and further evaluate its effect on the expression of DNA repair pathway genes. Methods To inhibit the IGF-1 system, we stably transfected the Caco-2 cell line to express a kinase-deficient IGF-1R mutant. We then studied the effects of this mutation on cell growth, the response to radiation, and clonogenic survival, as well as using a cell viability assay to examine DNA damage and repair. Finally, we performed immunofluorescence for γ-H2AX to examine double-strand DNA breaks and evaluated the expression of 84 key genes involved in DNA repair with a real-time PCR array. Results Mutant IGF-1R cells exhibited significantly blunted cell growth and viability, compared to wild-type cells, as well as reduced clonogenic survival after γ-irradiation. However, mutant IGF-1R cells did not show any significant delays in the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Furthermore, expression of mutant IGF-1R significantly down-regulated the mRNA levels of BRCA2, a major protein involved in homologous recombination DNA repair. Conclusion These results indicate that blocking the IGF-1R-mediated signaling cascade, through the expression of a kinase-deficient IGF-1R mutant, reduces cell growth and sensitizes cancer cells to ionizing radiation. Therefore, the IGF-1R system could be a potential target to enhance radio-sensitivity and the efficacy of cancer treatments.
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Key Words
- BAX, BCL-2-associated X
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BRCA2
- Caco-2-KR4, IGF-1R/KR clone number 4
- Colorectal carcinmoma
- Dominant negative mutant
- HRR, homologous recombination repair
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- IGF-1R/KR, kinase-deficient IGF-1R
- IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1
- Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
- MVP, major vault protein
- NHEJ, non-homologous end joining
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RAD 51
- Radiosensitivity
- SF, surviving fractions
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Mettler
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Christian Fottner
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias M. Weber
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Ruengkhachorn I, Therasakvichya S, Warnnissorn M, Leelaphatanadit C, Sangkarat S, Srisombat J. Pathologic Risk Factors and Oncologic Outcomes in Early-stage Cervical Cancer Patients Treated by Radical Hysterectomy and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy at a Thai University Hospital: A 7 year Retrospective Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:5951-6. [PMID: 26320478 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.5951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the rate of pathologic high-risk factors, intermediate-risk factors, and treatment outcomes in early-stage cervical cancer patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (RHPL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of stage IA-IIA1 cervical cancer patients who underwent RHPL during the 2006 to 2012 time period and patient follow-up data until December 2013 were reviewed. RESULTS Of 331 patients, 52 women (15.7%) had pathologic high-risk factors and 59 women (17.8%) had intermediate-risk factors without high-risk factors. All studied patients had an initial complete response. At median follow-up time of 40.9 months (range 1-103.3 months) and mean follow-up time of 43.3±25.3 months, 37 women had disease recurrence and 4 women had died of disease. The most common site of recurrence was the pelvis (64.8%). Five- year and 10-year disease free survival rates were 96.1% and 91.5%, respectively. Five-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 100% and 99.4%, respectively. Independent factors related to recurrence were pelvic node metastasis (odds ratio [OR], 2.670; 95%CI, 1.001-7.119), and >1/3 cervical stromal invasion (OR, 3.763; 95%CI, 1.483-9.549). CONCLUSIONS The rates of pathologic high-risk and intermediate-risk factors should be considered and disclosed when counseling patients regarding primary treatment by RHPL. Oncologic outcomes of primary surgical treatment for early-stage cervical carcinoma were found to be excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ruengkhachorn
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail :
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Zhu H, Luo H, Zhang W, Shen Z, Hu X, Zhu X. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1885-95. [PMID: 27354763 PMCID: PMC4907638 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer have poor prognosis, and their 1-year survival is only 10%–20%. Chemotherapy is considered as the standard treatment for patients with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer, and cisplatin appears to treat the disease effectively. However, resistance to cisplatin may develop, thus substantially compromising the efficacy of cisplatin to treat advanced or recurrent cervical cancer. In this article, we systematically review the recent literature and summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Henríquez-Hernández LA, Valenciano A, Foro-Arnalot P, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Cozar JM, Suárez-Novo JF, Castells-Esteve M, Fernández-Gonzalo P, De-Paula-Carranza B, Ferrer M, Guedea F, Sancho-Pardo G, Craven-Bartle J, Ortiz-Gordillo MJ, Cabrera-Roldán P, Rodríguez-Melcón JI, Herrera-Ramos E, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Lara PC. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA double-strand break repair genes and prostate cancer aggressiveness in the Spanish population. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016; 19:28-34. [PMID: 26754263 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel predictors of prognosis and treatment response for prostate cancer (PCa) are required to better individualize treatment. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four genes directly (XRCC5 (X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5) and XRCC6 (X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 6)) or indirectly (PARP1 and major vault protein (MVP)) involved in non-homologous end joining were examined in 494 Spanish PCa patients. METHODS A total of 22 SNPs were genotyped in a Biotrove OpenArray NT Cycler. Clinical tumor stage, diagnostic PSA serum levels and Gleason score at diagnosis were obtained for all participants. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were determined using the web-based environment SNPator. RESULTS (XRCC6) rs2267437 appeared as a risk factor for developing more aggressive PCa tumors. Those patients carrying the GG genotype were at higher risk of developing bigger tumors (odds ratio (OR)=2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-3.29, P=0.004), present higher diagnostic PSA levels (OR=2.12, 95% CI 1.19-3.78, P=0.011), higher Gleason score (OR=1.65, 95% CI 1.01-2.68, P=0.044) and D'Amico higher risk tumors (OR=2.38, 95% CI 1.24-4.58, P=0.009) than those patients carrying the CC/CG genotypes. Those patients carrying the (MVP) rs3815824 TT genotype were at higher risk of presenting higher diagnostic PSA levels (OR=4.74, 95% CI 1.40-16.07, P=0.013) than those patients carrying the CC genotype. When both SNPs were analyzed in combination, those patients carrying the risk genotypes were at higher risk of developing D'Amico higher risk tumors (OR=3.33, 95% CI 1.56-7.17, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS We believe that for the first time, genetic variants at XRCC6 and MVP genes are associated with risk of more aggressive disease, and would be taken into account when assessing the malignancy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Henríquez-Hernández
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Las Palmas, Spain.,Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - A Valenciano
- Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - P Foro-Arnalot
- Radiation Oncology Department, Institud d'Oncologia Radioteràpica, Hospital de la Esperanza, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Álvarez-Cubero
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,GENYO, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - J M Cozar
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - J F Suárez-Novo
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Castells-Esteve
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - M Ferrer
- Health Services Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Guedea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Sancho-Pardo
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Craven-Bartle
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Ortiz-Gordillo
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Cabrera-Roldán
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J I Rodríguez-Melcón
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - E Herrera-Ramos
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - C Rodríguez-Gallego
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - P C Lara
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Las Palmas, Spain.,Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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Maris C, D'Haene N, Trépant AL, Le Mercier M, Sauvage S, Allard J, Rorive S, Demetter P, Decaestecker C, Salmon I. IGF-IR: a new prognostic biomarker for human glioblastoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:729-37. [PMID: 26291053 PMCID: PMC4559821 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common malignant primary brain tumours in adults and are refractory to conventional therapy, including surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a complex network that includes ligands (IGFI and IGFII), receptors (IGF-IR and IGF-IIR) and high-affinity binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6). Many studies have reported a role for the IGF system in the regulation of tumour cell biology. However, the role of this system remains unclear in GBMs. Methods: We investigate the prognostic value of both the IGF ligands' and receptors' expression in a cohort of human GBMs. Tissue microarray and image analysis were conducted to quantitatively analyse the immunohistochemical expression of these proteins in 218 human GBMs. Results: Both IGF-IR and IGF-IIR were overexpressed in GBMs compared with normal brain (P<10−4 and P=0.002, respectively). Moreover, with regard to standard clinical factors, IGF-IR positivity was identified as an independent prognostic factor associated with shorter survival (P=0.016) and was associated with a less favourable response to temozolomide. Conclusions: This study suggests that IGF-IR could be an interesting target for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maris
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - N D'Haene
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - A-L Trépant
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - M Le Mercier
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - S Sauvage
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - J Allard
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - S Rorive
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - P Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - C Decaestecker
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, Belgium.,Laboratories of Image, Signal processing and Acoustics (LISA), Brussels School of Engineering/Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - I Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium.,DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
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Chu TY, Yang JT, Huang TH, Liu HW. Crosstalk with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Increases the Growth and Radiation Survival of Cervical Cancer Cells. Radiat Res 2014; 181:540-7. [DOI: 10.1667/rr13583.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Radio-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood CD8 T lymphocytes is a novel prognostic factor for survival in cervical carcinoma patients. Strahlenther Onkol 2013; 190:210-6. [PMID: 24362501 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-013-0488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A close relationship exists between immune response and tumor behavior. This study aimed to explore the associations between radiation-induced apoptosis (RIA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and clinical pathological variables. Furthermore, it assessed the role of RIA as a prognostic factor for survival in cervical carcinoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between February 1998 and October 2003, 58 consecutive patients with nonmetastatic, localized stage I-II cervical carcinoma who had been treated with radiotherapy (RT) ± chemotherapy were included in this study. Follow-up ended in January 2013. PBL subpopulations were isolated and irradiated with 0, 1, 2 and 8 Gy then incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and the β value, a parameter defining RIA of lymphocytes, was calculated. RESULTS Mean follow-up duration was 111.92 ± 40.31 months. Patients with lower CD8 T lymphocyte β values were at a higher risk of local relapse: Exp(B) = 5.137, confidence interval (CI) 95 % = 1.044-25.268, p = 0.044. Similar results were observed for regional relapse: Exp(B) = 8.008, CI 95 % = 1.702-37.679, p = 0.008 and disease relapse: Exp(B) = 6.766, CI 95 % = 1.889-24.238, p = 0.003. In multivariate analysis, only the CD8 T lymphocyte β values were found to be of prognostic significance for local disease-free survival (LDFS, p = 0.049), regional disease-free survival (RDFS, p = 0.002), metastasis-free survival (MFS, p = 0.042), disease-free survival (DFS, p = 0.001) and cause-specific survival (CSS p = 0.028). CONCLUSION For the first time, RIA in CD8 T lymphocytes was demonstrated to be a predictive factor for survival in cervical carcinoma patients.
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Sauter ER. Research Highlights: Highlights from the latest articles in biomarkers in medicine. Biomark Med 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Sauter
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, USA
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Molecular biomarkers in the decision of treatment of cervical carcinoma patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 15:587-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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MVP expression in the prediction of clinical outcome of locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2012; 7:147. [PMID: 22931894 PMCID: PMC3493325 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-7-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of Major Vault Protein (MVP) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients. Subjects and Methods 131 consecutive patients suffering from oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. In the whole series, the mean follow-up for survivors was 123.11 ± 40.36 months. Patients in tumour stages I and II were referred to surgery; patients in stage III-IV to postoperative radiotherapy (mean dose = 62.13 ± 7.74 Gy in 1.8–2 Gy/fraction). MVP expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tumour tissue. Results MVP expression was positive in 112 patients (85.5%) and no relation was found with clinic pathological variables. MVP overexpression (those tumours with moderate or strong expression of the protein) was related to insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R) expression (P = 0.014). Tumour stage of the disease was the most important prognostic factor related to survival. Tumours overexpressing MVP and IGF-1R were strongly related to poor disease-free survival (P = 0.008, Exp(B) = 2.730, CI95% (1.302-5.724)) and cause-specific survival (P = 0.014, Exp(B) = 2.570, CI95% (1.215-5.437)) in patients achieving tumour stages III-IV, in multivariate analysis. Conclusions MVP and IGF-1R expression were related in oral squamous cell carcinoma and conferred reduced long-term survival in patients suffering from advanced stages of the disease.
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Role of IGF-1 receptor in radiation response. Transl Oncol 2012; 5:1-9. [PMID: 22348170 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.11265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and progression of cancer whose activation strongly promotes cell growth and survival. IGF-1R exerts its main actions through the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways. In addition to their traditional roles, IGF-1R activation has been associated with increased radioresistance both in vitro and in vivo, although the molecular mechanisms behind this process are still unclear. Recently, IGF-1R has been associated to new partners as major vault proteins, BCL-2, BAX, or Ku70/80, related to radiochemotherapy resistance, regulation of apoptosis, and nonhomologous end-joining DNA repair. Here, we review these novel associations of IGF-1R trying to explain the resistance to radiotherapy mediated by IGF-1R. Finally, we revised the role of new therapies leading to block the receptor to enhance the efficacy of radiation.
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