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Chen X, Zhang Z, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhao T, Cai J, Dang Y, Guo R, Liu R, Zhou Y, Wei R, Lou X, Xia F, Ma D, Li F, Dai J, Li F, Xi L. Homodimeric peptide radiotracer [ 68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(TMVP1) 2 for VEGFR-3 imaging of cervical cancer patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2338-2352. [PMID: 38411667 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) plays a critical role in tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis, holding promise as a promising therapeutic target for solid tumors. TMVP1 (LARGR) is a 5-amino acid peptide previously identified in our laboratory from bacterial peptide display system that specifically targets VEGFR-3. Radiolabeled TMVP1 can be used for non-invasive imaging of VEGFR-3 expressing tumors. Homodimeric peptides have better targeting ability than monomeric peptides, and it is worth exploring whether homodimers of TMVP1 ((TMVP1)2) can achieve better imaging effects. This study aimed to explore the peptide properties and tumor assessment value of [68Ga]Ga-labeled (TMVP1)2. METHODS In this study, we developed a TMVP1 homodimer that was conjugated with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N, N', N″-triacetic acid (NOTA) via tetraethyleneglycol (PEG4) and triglyicine (Gly3) spacer, and labeled with 68Ga, to construct [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(TMVP1)2. Binding of VEGFR-3 by TMVP1 and (TMVP1)2, respectively, was modeled by molecular docking. The affinity of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(TMVP1)2 for VEGFR-3 and its ability to bind to cells were evaluated. MicroPET imaging and biodistribution studies of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(TMVP1)2 were performed in subcutaneous C33A cervical cancer xenografts. Five healthy volunteers and eight patients with cervical cancer underwent whole-body PET/CT acquisition 30-45 min after intravenous injection of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(TMVP1)2. RESULTS Both molecular docking and cellular experiments showed that homodimeric TMVP1 had a higher affinity for VEGFR-3 than monomeric TMVP1. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(TMVP1)2 was excreted mainly through the renal route and partly through the liver route. In mice bearing C33A xenografts, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(TMVP1)2 specifically localized in the tumor (2.32 ± 0.10% ID/g). Pretreatment of C33A xenograft mice with the unlabeled peptide NOTA-(TMVP1)2 reduced the enrichment of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(TMVP1)2 in tumors (0.58 ± 0.01% ID/g). [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(TMVP1)2 proved to be safe in all healthy volunteers and recruited patients, with no side effects or allergies noted. In cervical cancer patients, a majority of the [18F]-FDG identified lesions (18/22, 81.8%) showed moderate to high signal intensity on [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(TMVP1)2. SUVmax and SUVmean were 2.32 ± 0.77 and 1.61 ± 0.48, respectively. With normal muscle (gluteus maximus) as background, tumor-to-background ratios were 3.49 ± 1.32 and 3.95 ± 1.64 based on SUVmax and SUVmean, respectively. CONCLUSION The favorable characterizations of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-(TMVP1)2 such as convenient synthesis, high specific activity, and high tumor uptake enable the evaluation of VEGFR-3 in cervical cancer patients and warrant further clinical studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-DOD-17012458. Registered August 23, 2017 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tianzhi Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiong Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Dang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
| | - Ling Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China.
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Li XF, Zhang XJ, Hao FR, Dong XT, Xu GD, Zhang YX. The pathological roles and potential mechanisms of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 in gastric cancer. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241234558. [PMID: 38518198 PMCID: PMC10960338 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241234558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles and underlying mechanisms of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS VEGFR-3 gene expression profiles in human gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) tissues were analysed using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Human GC cell lines and were used for in vitro studies. Mouse models of GC and distant metastasis were used for in vivo studies. Silencing of VEGFR-3 gene expression was achieved using small interfering RNA. RESULTS VEGFR-3 gene expression was significantly elevated in GAC tissues and GC cells. Higher VEGFR-3 expression was positively correlated with more advanced stages and a greater number of metastatic lymph nodes. In vitro studies in GC cells showed that knockdown of VEGFR-3 gene expression significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration, but promoted apoptosis. In vivo investigations revealed that silencing of VEGFR-3 gene expression exhibited significant inhibition on tumour growth and metastasis. Further mechanistic studies showed that VEGFR-3 exerted its pathological roles by affecting the key molecules in the apoptotic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways. CONCLUSION The molecular pathways associated with VEGFR-3-mediated pathological effects could be targets in the development of novel approaches for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Maternal and Child Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fu-Rong Hao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weifang People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Dong
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guo-Dong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
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Vimalraj S, Hariprabu KNG, Rahaman M, Govindasami P, Perumal K, Sekaran S, Ganapathy D. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C and its receptor-3 signaling in tumorigenesis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:326. [PMID: 37663750 PMCID: PMC10474002 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer-promoting ligand vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) activates VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). The VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis is expressed by a range of human tumor cells in addition to lymphatic endothelial cells. Activating the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling enhances metastasis by promoting lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis inside and around tumors. Stimulation of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling promotes tumor metastasis in tumors, such as ovarian, renal, pancreatic, prostate, lung, skin, gastric, colorectal, cervical, leukemia, mesothelioma, Kaposi sarcoma, and endometrial carcinoma. We discuss and update the role of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling in tumor development and the research is still needed to completely comprehend this multifunctional receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Mostafizur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Periyasami Govindasami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077 India
| | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077 India
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Wang L, Yi S, Teng Y, Li W, Cai J. Role of the tumor microenvironment in the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:486. [PMID: 37753293 PMCID: PMC10518654 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is the primary type of cervical cancer metastasis and is associated with an extremely poor prognosis in patients. The tumor microenvironment primarily includes cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, immune and inflammatory cells, and blood and lymphatic vascular networks, which can promote the establishment of lymphatic metastatic sites within immunosuppressive microenvironments or promote lymphatic metastasis by stimulating lymphangiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. As the most important feature of the tumor microenvironment, hypoxia plays an essential role in lymph node metastasis. In this review, the known mechanisms of hypoxia, and the involvement of stromal components and immune inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment of lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer are discussed. Additionally, a summary of the clinical trials targeting the tumor microenvironment for the treatment of cervical cancer is provided, emphasizing the potential and challenges of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Wenhan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Ping Q, Shi Y, Yang M, Li H, Zhong Y, Li J, Bi X, Wang C. LncRNA DANCR regulates lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer via the miR-335/VEGF-C axis. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1743-1753. [PMID: 33968662 PMCID: PMC8100837 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial evidence indicate that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) act as key role in bladder cancer. Differentiation antagonistic ncRNA (DANCR) could be used as a biomarker in the occurrence and development of cancer. This study aims to explore the mechanism of DANCR/miR-335/VEGF-C axis affecting lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer. Methods qRT-PCR detects the expression of DANCR in bladder cancer cell lines (SW780, 5637, T24, UM-UC-3) and normal bladder cell lines (SV-HUC-1), and selects T24 cell lines for subsequent experiments. The expression levels of DANCR, miR-335 and VEGF were measured by qRT-PCR, and the dual luciferase reporter gene verified the targeted regulation of DANCR on miR-335 and miR-335 on VEGF. CCK-8, Transwell and Wound healing assay detect the proliferation, invasion and migration ability of bladder cancer cells, Endothelial cell adhesion assay and Western blot further prove the lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer. Results In this study, DANCR was highly expressed in bladder cancer cell lines. Transfection of si-DANCR significantly inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion and lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer cells. Dual luciferase assay confirmed that DANCR targets miR-335/VEGF-C. Transfection of miR-335 mimic promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer cells, overexpression of DANCR eliminates the promotion of miR-335 mimic on bladder cancer cells. Further experiments proved that inhibition of miR-335 and overexpression of VEGF-C can reverse the inhibitory effect of silencing DANCR on bladder cancer cells. Conclusions In bladder cancer, DARCR plays an important role, which regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion and lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer cells through the miR-335/VEGF-C molecular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrong Ping
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunqiang Shi
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaofang Bi
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Li M, Fan K, Zheng B, Zekria D, Suo T, Liu H, Shen S, Liu H, Ni X. Knockdown of SLC39A4 Expression Inhibits the Proliferation and Motility of Gallbladder Cancer Cells and Tumor Formation in Nude Mice. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2235-2246. [PMID: 33727860 PMCID: PMC7955045 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s282269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a common malignancy of the biliary tract and is characterized by rapid progression and early metastasis. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of GBC could help to develop better treatment strategies. Materials and Methods Human GBC cell lines (GBC-SD and NOZ) were applied to determine the capacity of the proliferation and migration of cells using the MTT assay, colony formation, wound-healing assay as well as the Transwell™ assay. A nude xenograft was used to evaluate tumor growth in vivo. Results Using two types of GBC cell lines, we found that absence of solute carrier family (SLC) 39A4 (which encodes the zinc transporter ZRT/IRT-like protein [ZIP]4), could suppress the proliferation and migration of cells. Additionally, absence of ZIP4 could impair growth of xenografts in nude mice. While, over-expression of SLC39A4 could promote the GBC cell proliferation and migration, and inhibit apoptosis. We revealed that SLC39A4 might affect GBC progression by modulating the signaling pathways responsible for the survival, energy supply and metastasis of cells, and indicated that SLC39A4 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for GBC. Conclusion SLC39A4 promoted the viability and motility of GBC cells, and tumor formation in nude mice. We demonstrated an oncogenic potential for SLC39A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - David Zekria
- Department of Radiology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Tao Suo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Houbao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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Pan Y, Liu L, Cheng Y, Yu J, Feng Y. Amplified LncRNA PVT1 promotes lung cancer proliferation and metastasis by facilitating VEGFC expression. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:676-682. [PMID: 33167678 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the abundance of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in lung cancer has been well researched, the underlying mechanisms behind its effects were unknown. Here we investigated the molecular events regulating PVT1 in lung cancer. The pro-proliferative property of PVT1 was examined using a xenograft tumor model. Transwell chambers were used to analyze the impact of PVT1 expression on cell invasiveness and migration. In vivo metastasis was examined by tail-vein-injection in mice. Direct binding of miR-128 to PVT1 was investigated using a probe pulldown assay. The relative expression levels of miR-128 and PVT1 were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We show here that when PVT1 is amplified, there is a poor survival prognosis for patients with lung cancer. Elevated levels of PVT1 promoted lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that PVT1 competes endogenously with miR-128 in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) expression, which is significantly associated with an unfavorable prognosis in lung cancer. We identified that copy number amplification significantly contributes to the high level of PVT1 transcripts in lung cancer, which promotes cell proliferation and metastatic behavior via modulating VEGFC expression by endogenous competition with miR-128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yongxia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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Chen S, Gao C, Wu Y, Huang Z. Identification of Prognostic miRNA Signature and Lymph Node Metastasis-Related Key Genes in Cervical Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:544. [PMID: 32457603 PMCID: PMC7226536 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miRNAs and genes can serve as biomarkers for the prognosis and therapy of cervical tumors whose metastasis into lymph nodes is closely associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. Methods R software and Bioconductor packages were employed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. GEO2R detected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the GSE7410 dataset originating from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). A Cox proportional hazard regression model was established to select prognostic miRNA biomarkers. Online tools such as TargetScan and miRDB predicted target genes, and overlapping DEGs and target genes were defined as consensus genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) function annotations were performed to discern the potential functions of consensus genes. STRING and Cytoscape screened key genes and constructed a regulatory network. Results A combination of four miRNAs (down-regulated miR-502 and miR-145, up-regulated miR-142 and miR-33b) was identified as an independent prognostic signature of cervical cancer. A total of 94 consensus genes were significantly enriched in 7 KEGG pathways and 19 GO function annotations including the cAMP signaling pathway, the plasma membrane, integral components of the plasma membrane, cell adhesion, etc. The module analysis suggested that CXCL12, IGF1, PTPRC CDH5, RAD51B, REV3L, and WDHD1 are key genes that significantly correlate with cervical cancer lymph node metastasis. Conclusions This study demonstrates that a four-miRNA signature can be a prognostic biomarker, and seven key genes are significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer patients. These miRNAs and key genes have the potential to be therapeutic targets for cervical cancer. Among them, two miRNAs (miR-502 and miR-33b) and two key genes (PTPRC and CDH5) were first reported to be potential novel biomarkers for cervical cancer. The current study further characterizes the progression of lymph node metastasis and mechanism of cervical tumors; therefore, it provides a novel diagnostic indicator and therapeutic targets for future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yangyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Institute of Marine Biomedical Research, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Li XF, Zhang TG, Zhang YX. Correlation among VEGFR3 gene promoter methylation, protein overexpression, and clinical pathology in early gastric cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:3499-3506. [PMID: 35117715 PMCID: PMC8798734 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence and development of gastric cancer is a multi-factor, multi-stage, multi-gene abnormal accumulation process. Both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the molecular mechanism of gastric cancer. DNA methylation is one of the most studied epigenetic expression mechanisms. To study the correlation between gene promoter methylation status and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3), as well as their association with clinicopathological features in early gastric cancer (EGC) cases. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) were used to detect the expression of VEGFR3 protein and methylation status of the VEGFR3 promoter in 50 cases of EGC and their paired normal gastric mucosa tissues. The level of DNA methylation of the VEGFR3 promoter, in situ VEGFR3 protein expression, and the clinicopathological characteristics of EGC patients were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The positive rate of VEGFR3 protein expression in EGC tumor tissue (60%) was significantly higher than that in the normal gastric mucosa (10%). The detectable methylation frequency of VEGFR3 promoter in EGC tumor tissue (48%) was significantly lower than that in the normal gastric mucosa (85%). As anticipated, the methylation level of the VEGFR3 gene promoter was negatively associated with the overexpression of VEGFR3 protein. In addition, methylation status of the VEGFR3 gene promoter was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis in EGC patients (P<0.05), but was not linked to patients' gender, age, tumor size, degree of differentiation, or tumor invasion depth (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hypomethylation of the VEGFR3 gene promoter is one of the major mechanisms underlying VEGFR3 gene overexpression in EGC tumor tissues and is related to lymph node metastasis in EGC patients. DNA methylation of VEGFR3 is expected to become a molecular diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for EGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Wei Fang People’s Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
- Shandong University School of Medicine of China, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ting-Guo Zhang
- Shandong University School of Medicine of China, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Wei Fang People’s Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
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Li F, Zhang Z, Cai J, Chen X, Zhou Y, Ma X, Dong Q, Li F, Xi L. Primary Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of 68Ga-DOTA-TMVP1 as a Novel VEGFR-3 PET Imaging Radiotracer in Gynecological Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:1318-1326. [PMID: 31843751 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor periphery and lymph nodes of tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis often abundantly express VEGFR-3. In our previous study, we identified a 5-amino acid peptide named TMVP1, which binds specifically to VEGFR-3. The objective of this study was to develop a novel 68Ga-labeled TMVP1 for VEGFR-3 PET imaging and to investigate its safety, biodistribution, and tumor-localizing efficacy in xenograft tumor models and a small cohort of patients with recurrent ovarian and cervical cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The DOTA-conjugated TMVP1 peptide was labeled with radionuclide 68Ga. SPR and saturation binding assays were used for the receptor-binding studies. Gynecologic xenograft tumors were employed for small-animal PET imaging and biodistribution of 68Ga-DOTA-TMVP1 in vivo. In the clinical study, 5 healthy volunteers and 8 patients with gynecologic cancer underwent whole-body PET/CT after being injected with 68Ga-DOTA-TMVP1. RESULTS DOTA-TMVP1 was successfully labeled with 68Ga. LECs showed higher binding capacity with 68Ga-DOTA-TMVP1 than LEC(shVEGFR-3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In mice with subcutaneous C33-A and SKOV-3 xenografts, the tracer was rapidly eliminated through the kidney to the bladder, and the small-animal PET/CT helped to clearly visualize the tumors. In patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and cervical cancer, tracer accumulation well above the background level was demonstrated in most identified sites of disease; especially with recurrent endodermal sinus tumors, the diagnostic value of 68Ga-DOTA-TMVP1 was comparable with that of 18F-FDG PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS 68Ga-DOTA-TMVP1 is a potential PET tracer for imaging VEGFR-3 with favorable pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynecological Oncology, Henan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiong Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangyi Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingjian Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Ling Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Dolgova EV, Efremova OV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Cancer Stem Cells: Emergent Nature of Tumor Emergency. Front Genet 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 30505319 PMCID: PMC6250818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional analysis of 167 genes overexpressed in Krebs-2 tumor initiating cells was performed. In the first part of the study, the genes were analyzed for their belonging to one or more of the three groups, which represent the three major phenotypic manifestation of malignancy of cancer cells, namely (1) proliferative self-sufficiency, (2) invasive growth and metastasis, and (3) multiple drug resistance. 96 genes out of 167 were identified as possible contributors to at least one of these fundamental properties. It was also found that substantial part of these genes are also known as genes responsible for formation and/or maintenance of the stemness of normal pluri-/multipotent stem cells. These results suggest that the malignancy is simply the ability to maintain the stem cell specific genes expression profile, and, as a consequence, the stemness itself regardless of the controlling effect of stem niches. In the second part of the study, three stress factors combined into the single concept of "generalized cellular stress," which are assumed to activate the expression of these genes, were defined. In addition, possible mechanisms for such activation were identified. The data obtained suggest the existence of a mechanism for the de novo formation of a pluripotent/stem phenotype in the subpopulation of "committed" tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana V Efremova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Rofstad EK, Huang R, Galappathi K, Andersen LMK, Wegner CS, Hauge A, Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG. Functional intratumoral lymphatics in patient-derived xenograft models of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: implications for lymph node metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56986-56997. [PMID: 27486768 PMCID: PMC5302967 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of cell line-derived human tumor xenografts have suggested that the lymphatics seen in immunohistochemical preparations from non-peripheral regions of tumors are nonfunctional. In this investigation, lymphangiogenesis, hemangiogenesis, and lymph node metastasis were studied in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Lymph vessel density (LVD) and blood vessel density (BVD) were measured in immunohistochemical preparations. The expression of angiogenesis-related genes was investigated by quantitative PCR. Lymphatic functionality was assessed with the ferritin assay, and tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) was measured with a Millar catheter. The PDX models mirrored the angiogenesis and aggressiveness of the donor patients' tumors, and two highly aggressive models developed functional lymphatics within the tumor mass. Tumors with functional intratumoral lymphatics showed low IFP, high LVD, high BVD, high expression of a large number of angiogenesis-related genes, and high incidence of lymph node metastases. LVD correlated with BVD, and lymph node metastasis was associated with high LVD and high BVD. Nine angiogenesis-related genes associated with the development of functional intratumoral lymhatics were identified. High expression of these genes, high LVD, and high BVD may be important biomarkers for poor outcome in cervix carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruixia Huang
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kanthi Galappathi
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine S Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Effects of fatty acid synthase inhibitors on lymphatic vessels: an in vitro and in vivo study in a melanoma model. J Transl Med 2017; 97:194-206. [PMID: 27918556 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is responsible for the endogenous production of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. Its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in human cancers including melanomas. Our group has previously shown that the inhibition of FASN with orlistat reduces spontaneous lymphatic metastasis in experimental B16-F10 melanomas, which is a consequence, at least in part, of the reduction of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Here, we sought to investigate the effects of pharmacological FASN inhibition on lymphatic vessels by using cell culture and mouse models. The effects of FASN inhibitors cerulenin and orlistat on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of human lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLEC) were evaluated with in vitro models. The lymphatic outgrowth was evaluated by using a murine ex vivo assay. B16-F10 melanomas and surgical wounds were produced in the ears of C57Bl/6 and Balb-C mice, respectively, and their peripheral lymphatic vessels evaluated by fluorescent microlymphangiography. The secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor C and D (VEGF-C and -D) by melanoma cells was evaluated by ELISA and conditioned media used to study in vitro lymphangiogenesis. Here, we show that cerulenin and orlistat decrease the viability, proliferation, and migration of HDLEC cells. The volume of lymph node metastases from B16-F10 experimental melanomas was reduced by 39% in orlistat-treated animals as well as the expression of VEGF-C in these tissues. In addition, lymphatic vessels from orlistat-treated mice drained more efficiently the injected FITC-dextran. Orlistat and cerulenin reduced VEGF-C secretion and, increase production of VEGF-D by B16-F10 and SK-Mel-25 melanoma cells. Finally, reduced lymphatic cell extensions, were observed following the treatment with conditioned medium from cerulenin- and orlistat-treated B16-F10 cells. Altogether, our results show that FASN inhibitors have anti-metastatic effects by acting on lymphatic endothelium and melanoma cells regardless the increase of lymphatic permeability promoted by orlistat.
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Cai Z, Han S, Li Z, He L, Zhou J, Huang W, Xu Y. A genome-wide assessment of variations of primary colorectal cancer maintained in metastases. Gene 2016; 595:18-24. [PMID: 27642122 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Al-Shareef H, Hiraoka SI, Tanaka N, Shogen Y, Lee AD, Bakhshishayan S, Kogo M. Use of NRP1, a novel biomarker, along with VEGF-C, VEGFR-3, CCR7 and SEMA3E, to predict lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2444-2454. [PMID: 27666723 PMCID: PMC5055198 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastasis has been suggested as a major prognostic factor for oral cancer. Knockdown of the growth factors and receptors involved in these metastatic mechanisms could significantly reduce LN metastasis and improve the survival of oral cancer patients after treatment. The present study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the expression levels of the following growth factors and receptors in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue: the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‑C and VEGF‑D, which bind to the cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor VEGF receptor‑3 (VEGFR‑3); C‑C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7); neuropilin (NRP)1 and NRP2; and semaphorin 3E (SEMA3E). Furthermore, we assessed microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) to demonstrate the correlation between these factors and regional LN metastasis, with respect to the clinicopathological features. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between these proteins and overall or disease‑free survival, in order to demonstrate their prognostic value. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between LN metastasis and the expression levels of VEGF‑C, VEGFR‑3, CCR7, NRP1, and SEMA3E, as well as LVD, in SCC cells. In contrast, multivariate analysis identified associations between LN metastasis and NRP1 expression, as well as between LN metastasis and LVD; however, no correlation was found between LN metastasis and the expression levels of the other proteins. The expression levels of VEGF‑C, VEGFR‑3, NRP1, and SEMA3E, as well as LVD, were correlated with disease‑free survival time. These results indicate that LN metastasis is associated with poor survival in SCC. This study suggests that NRP1 expression and LVD are independent factors that are likely to predict the risk of LN metastasis in SCC of the tongue, whereas the expression of VEGF‑C, VEGFR‑3, CCR7, and SEMA3E are non‑independent predictive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Al-Shareef
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hiraoka
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanaka
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yosuke Shogen
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi-Doksa Lee
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sanam Bakhshishayan
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Shen Q, Lin W, Luo H, Zhao C, Cheng H, Jiang W, Zhu X. Differential Expression of Aquaporins in Cervical Precursor Lesions and Invasive Cervical Cancer. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1551-1558. [PMID: 27140907 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116646202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aquaporins (AQPs) are highly expressed in tumor cells of different origins, particularly the aggressive tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of AQP isoforms during progression of squamous cervical cancer (SCC) and explore their associations with clinicopathologic variables of SCC. METHODS Expression of AQP isoforms (1, 3, 4, 5, and 8) was detected by immunohistochemistry in 47 SCCs, 37 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 16 normal cervical tissues. Specific expression of AQP protein in SCC was detected by Western blot. Double immunohistochemistry was used to examine whether AQPs and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are coexpressed in SCC. RESULTS Aquaporin 1 showed higher positivity rate in CIN than in SCC and normal cervical tissues (P < .05). The expression intensity of AQP3, 4, 5, and 8 was higher in SCC than that in normal cervical tissues, respectively (P < .05). The expression of AQP3 and 8 was higher in SCC than that in CIN, respectively (P < .05). The AQP4 expression was higher in CIN than in normal cervical tissues (P < .05). The expression of AQP3 in CIN III was higher than that in CIN I and II (P < .05). There was a significant increase in the expression of AQP1 in stage I than that in stage II (P < .05). Aquaporin 3 showed lower positivity in moderately and well-differentiated tumors compared to that in poorly differentiated tumors (P < .05). Finally, double immunohistochemistry illustrated that AQP1/AQP3/AQP8 and VEGF were coexpressed in SCC. CONCLUSIONS Different AQP isoforms display specific expression patterns in normal cervical, CIN, and SCC tissues. This and the significant association with the clinicopathologic variables of SCC suggest that AQP isoforms might play different roles in the development of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuchu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huihui Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Liu Z, Wang J, Mao Y, Zou B, Fan X. MicroRNA-101 suppresses migration and invasion via targeting vascular endothelial growth factor-C in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:433-438. [PMID: 26870229 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs 18-25 nucleotides in length, which play important roles in the regulation of cancer progression through gene silencing. miRNA (miR)-101 has been suggested to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the detailed role of miR-101 in HCC metastasis and the underlying mechanism remain largely unclear. The present study demonstrated that the expression of miR-101 was significantly reduced in HCC tissues compared with that in matched normal adjacent tissues. miR-101 was also found to be downregulated in four HCC cell lines compared with its expression in a normal liver cell line. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C was further identified as a direct target of miR-101, and the protein expression of VEGF-C was downregulated by miR-101 in HepG2 HCC cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-101 and the knockdown of VEGF-C significantly inhibited HepG2 cell migration and invasion, while restoration of VEGF-C reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-101 overexpression on HepG2 cell migration and invasion. Finally, the expression of VEGF-C was notably increased in HCC tissues and cell lines. These findings suggest that miR-101 exerts a suppressive effect on HCC cell migration and invasion, at least in part through the direct inhibition of VEGF-C protein expression. Therefore, the miR-101/VEGF-C axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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Lymphangiogenesis in cervical cancer evaluated by expression of the VEGF-C gene in clinical stage IB-IIIB. MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2015; 14:112-7. [PMID: 26327898 PMCID: PMC4498023 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2015.49397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the present study was to evaluate the profile of VEGF-C gene expression in particular stages of cervical cancer (IB-IIIB) and to estimate the correlation between VEGF-C mRNA quantity profile and clinical stage. Material and methods Material for molecular analysis consisted of cervical cancer tissue specimens collected from 38 women (10, 15, 13 cases were classified as IB, IIB and IIIB, respectively). The control group was composed of normal cervical tissues collected from 10 women who underwent hysterectomy for non-oncological reasons. The number of VEGF-C mRNA copies in particular groups was estimated by the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Results In the control group the average number of mRNA copies was 134 ± 36 (median: 106), in a group with stage IB it was 16 077 ± 7090 (median: 580), for stage IIB – 35 019 ± 8945 (median: 40 870). The highest number of mRNA VEGF-C copies was derived in a group of patients with cervical cancer of stage IIIB. The average quantity was 56 155 ± 12 470, whereas median 55 981. A statistically significantly higher level of VEGF-C gene expression was disclosed in cervical cancer specimens with stage IIB and IIIB than in the control group. In stage IIIB, the VEGF-C gene expression was significantly higher than in specimens derived from individuals in stage IB. Conclusions In squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix of stage IB-IIIB genes involved in lymphangiogenesis, especially VEGF-C, are expressed, which expression increases as the clinical stage of cervical cancer is higher.
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Boone JD, Dobbin ZC, Straughn JM, Buchsbaum DJ. Ovarian and cervical cancer patient derived xenografts: The past, present, and future. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:486-91. [PMID: 26026736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical research in gynecologic malignancies has largely relied upon cloned cancer-derived cell lines and tumor xenografts derived from these cell lines. Unfortunately, the use of cell lines for translational research has disadvantages because genetic and phenotypic alterations from serial passaging have resulted in expression profiles that are different from the original patient tumors. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model derived from human tumor not previously cultured has shown better representation of the heterogeneity of gynecologic malignancies and the human tumor microenvironment with preservation of cytogenetics, cellular complexity, and vascular and stromal tumor architecture. Studies have shown promise with these models to analyze tumor development and adaptation, test drug efficacy, and predict clinical outcomes. Their ultimate value may be seen with preclinical drug screening including novel targeted therapies, biomarker identification, and the development of individualized treatment plans. This article reviews PDX model development, current studies testing chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies, and limitations of the PDX model in gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Boone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Zachary C Dobbin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, United States
| | - J Michael Straughn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
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20
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Cancer stem cells, lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic metastasis. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:438-47. [PMID: 25497008 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although current opinion indicates that tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis plays a key role in promoting the initial spread of malignant tumors, the mechanism that underlies lymphatic spread is not clear. The recent discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in human tumors has challenged our current understanding of tumor recurrence, drug resistance, and metastasis, and opens up new research directions on how cancer cells are capable of switching from dormancy to malignancy. CSCs can be directly and indirectly involved in tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and ultimately promote lymphatic metastasis. However, the details and the possible relationship between CSCs, lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic metastasis remain ambiguous, and the origin of tumor lymphatic endothelial cells is controversial. Elucidation of these factors may provide useful information for future research and cancer treatment. In this article, we summarize current knowledge of CSCs, tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic metastasis and attempt to find an association between key molecular and cellular mechanisms. We provide an overview of CSCs and lymphatic vasculature as potential therapeutic targets. CSC- and lymphatic vasculature-targeted therapy may bring new hope for cancer treatment.
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Du LC, Chen XC, Wang D, Wen YJ, Wang CT, Wang XM, Kan B, Wei YQ, Zhao X. VEGF-D-induced draining lymphatic enlargement and tumor lymphangiogenesis promote lymph node metastasis in a xenograft model of ovarian carcinoma. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:14. [PMID: 24502459 PMCID: PMC3929486 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D has been shown to promote lymph node metastasis in several cancers. Although generally overexpressed in ovarian carcinoma, its role in nodal dissemination of this cancer is unclear. To clarify the role of VEGF-D and the underlying molecular mechanisms, we investigated the function of VEGF-D using a mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer. METHODS Human ovarian serous adenocarcinoma SKOV3 cells were transfected with VEGF-D recombinant plasmid DNA, or with control vectors. The cells were injected subcutaneously into the footpads of nude mice. Tumor growth was evaluated weekly. Draining lymphatics were observed grossly with Evan's blue lymphangiography. Tumoral lymphatics were delineated with both Evan's blue and LYVE-1 immunostaining. Tumor metastases to lymph nodes were evaluated by H&E and CA125/CD40 staining. Expression of VEGF-D in primary tumors and levels of CA125 in involved lymph nodes were examined by immunohistochemistry. Tumor cell apoptosis was analyzed by Hoechst dyeing. RESULTS Mice bearing VEGF-D overexpressing xenografts showed a significantly higher rate of lymph node metastasis and markedly greater tumor volume compared with the controls. The functional lymphatic vessels were denser and enlarged in marginal and central tumor portions. Additionally, higher CA125 expression was observed in the involved lymph nodes. Mice bearing VEGF-D overexpressing xenografts also exhibited a markedly lower apoptotic index compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the important role of VEGF-D in promoting lymph node metastasis by increasing tumor lymphangiogenesis, stimulating draining lymphatic vessel formation, and enhancing tumor invasiveness. Our findings show that VEGF-D can be a promising therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cheng Du
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Cheng Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Jun Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Ting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, China
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Zhao T, Zhao W, Meng W, Liu C, Chen Y, Sun Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C: its unrevealed role in fibrogenesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H789-96. [PMID: 24464750 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00559.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C is a key mediator of lymphangiogenesis. Our recent study shows that VEGF-C/VEGF receptors (VEGFR)-3 are significantly increased in the infarcted rat myocardium, where VEGFR-3 is expressed not only in lymph ducts but also in myofibroblasts, indicating that VEGF-C has an unrevealed role in fibrogenesis during cardiac repair. The current study is to explore the regulation and molecular mechanisms of VEGF-C in fibrogenesis. The potential regulation of VEGF-C on myofibroblast differentiation/growth/migration, collagen degradation/synthesis, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and ERK pathways was detected in cultured cardiac myofibroblasts. Our results showed that VEGF-C significantly increased myofibroblast proliferation, migration, and type I/III collagen production. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 were significantly elevated in the medium of VEGF-C-treated cells, coincident with increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. Furthermore, VEGF-C activated the TGF-β1 pathway and ERK phosphorylation, which was significantly suppressed by TGF-β or ERK blockade. This is the first study indicating that in addition to lymphangiogenesis, VEGF-C is also involved in fibrogenesis through stimulation of myofibroblast proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis, via activation of the TGF-β1 and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieqiang Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and
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Ji RC. Hypoxia and lymphangiogenesis in tumor microenvironment and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2013; 346:6-16. [PMID: 24333723 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and lymphangiogenesis are closely related processes that play a pivotal role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Intratumoral hypoxia is exacerbated as a result of oxygen consumption by rapidly proliferating tumor cells, insufficient blood supply and poor lymph drainage. Hypoxia induces functional responses in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), including cell proliferation and migration. Multiple factors (e.g., ET-1, AP-1, C/EBP-δ, EGR-1, NF-κB, and MIF) are involved in the events of hypoxia-induced lymphangiogenesis. Among them, HIF-1α is known to be the master regulator of cellular oxygen homeostasis, mediating transcriptional activation of lymphangiogenesis via regulation of signaling cascades like VEGF-A/-C/-D, TGF-β and Prox-1 in experimental and human tumors. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated, the investigation of lymphangiogenesis in hypoxic conditions may provide insight into potential therapeutic targets for lymphatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Ji
- Department of Human Anatomy, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
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Mujcic H, Nagelkerke A, Rouschop KMA, Chung S, Chaudary N, Span PN, Clarke B, Milosevic M, Sykes J, Hill RP, Koritzinsky M, Wouters BG. Hypoxic activation of the PERK/eIF2α arm of the unfolded protein response promotes metastasis through induction of LAMP3. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6126-37. [PMID: 24045183 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conditions of poor oxygenation (hypoxia) are present in many human tumors, including cervix cancer, and are associated with increased risk of metastasis and poor prognosis. Hypoxia is a potent activator of the PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway, a component of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and an important mediator of hypoxia tolerance and tumor growth. Here, the importance of this pathway in the metastasis of human cervix carcinoma was investigated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Amplification and expression of LAMP3, a UPR metastasis-associated gene, was examined using FISH and immunofluorescence in a cohort of human cervix tumors from patients who had received oxygen needle electrode tumor oxygenation measurements. To evaluate the importance of this pathway in metastasis in vivo, we constructed a series of inducible cell lines to interfere with PERK signaling during hypoxia and used these in an orthotopic cervix cancer model of hypoxia-driven metastasis. RESULTS We show that LAMP3 expression in human cervix tumors is augmented both by gene copy number alterations and by hypoxia. Induced disruption of PERK signaling in established orthotopic xenografts resulted in complete inhibition of hypoxia-induced metastasis to the lymph nodes. This is due, in part, to a direct influence of the UPR pathway on hypoxia tolerance. However, we also find that LAMP3 is a key mediator of hypoxia-driven nodal metastasis, through its ability to promote metastatic properties including cell migration. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the association between hypoxia, metastasis, and poor prognosis is due, in part, to hypoxic activation of the UPR and expression of LAMP3. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6126-37. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Mujcic
- Authors' Affiliations: Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Radiation Oncology, and Medical Biophysics; Radiation Medicine Program, Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht; and Departments of Radiation Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Huang X, Su K, Zhou L, Shen G, Dong Q, Lou Y, Zheng S. Hypoxia preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal cells enhances PC3 cell lymphatic metastasis accompanied by VEGFR-3/CCR7 activation. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2834-41. [PMID: 23939705 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention; China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Science; 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310009; China
| | - Kunkai Su
- Bioinformation Branch; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; 1st Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310003; China
| | - Limin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology; Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
| | - Guofang Shen
- Institute of Pharmacology; Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
| | - Qi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention; China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Science; 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310009; China
| | - Yijia Lou
- Institute of Pharmacology; Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310058; China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention; China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Science; 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310009; China
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Chaudary N, Mujcic H, Wouters BG, Hill RP. Hypoxia and metastasis in an orthotopic cervix cancer xenograft model. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:506-10. [PMID: 23856487 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia can promote tumor metastasis by mechanisms that are believed to result from changes in gene expression. The current study examined the role of putative metastatic genes regulated by cyclic hypoxia in relation to metastasis formation in orthotopic models of cervix cancer. METHODS Orthotopic tumors derived from ME180 human cervix cancer cells or from early generation human cervix cancer xenografts were exposed to cyclic hypoxic conditions during growth in vivo and tumor growth and lymphnode metastases were monitored. Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and various genes in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway were inhibited using genetic (inducible shRNA vs CXCR4) small molecule (AMD3100) or antibody (5E1) treatment (CXCR4 and Hh genes, respectively) during tumor growth. RESULTS As reported previously, exposure of tumor bearing mice to cyclic hypoxia caused a reduction of tumor growth but a large increase in metastasis. Inhibition of CXCR4 or Hh gene activity during tumor growth further reduced primary tumor size and reduced lymphatic metastasis to levels below those seen in control mice exposed to normoxic conditions. CONCLUSION Blocking CXCR4 or Hh gene expression are potential therapeutic pathways for improving cervix cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Chaudary
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
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Zhou H, Xiong Z, Liu JK, Chen SX, Zhou ML, Zhou JH, Chen W, Liu YTY, Fan F. Low tumor blood flow assessed with perfusion CT correlates with lymphatic involvement in patients with stage T1b non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2013; 4:131-137. [PMID: 28920205 DOI: 10.1111/j.1759-7714.2012.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the correlation of computed tomography (CT) perfusion parameters and lymphatic involvement in patients with stage T1b non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Forty-six patients (30 men and 16 women; age range, 36-73 years; mean age, 57 years), with stage T1b non-small cell lung cancer, underwent perfusion CT before surgery. The correlations between CT perfusion parameters (blood flow, blood volume, peak enhancement intensity), tumor angiogenesis (microvessel density and maturity of microvessels of surgical specimens) and lymphatic involvement were retrospectively investigated. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis was used to identify the parameter threshold at which tumors had or did not have lymph node metastasis, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were calculated. RESULTS A significant tendency for tumors with low blood flow and high density of immature microvessels to show lymphatic involvement was found (all P < 0.001). High correlation (r =-0.769, P < 0.001) was observed between tumor blood flow and immature microvessels. The area under ROC curves (AUC) for blood flow to detect lymph node metastasis was 0.866 (95% confidence interval, 0.766-0.966). For blood flow, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of predicting lymph node metastasis were 88.9, 64.3, and 73.9% respectively, if the cutoff point was set at 43.05 mL/100 g/minute. CONCLUSIONS Blood flow may be useful to predict lymphatic involvement before surgery in stage T1b NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Pathology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Clinical Medicine (eight-year program), Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zeng Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Pathology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Clinical Medicine (eight-year program), Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Kang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Pathology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Clinical Medicine (eight-year program), Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shen-Xi Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Pathology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Clinical Medicine (eight-year program), Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mo-Ling Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Pathology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Clinical Medicine (eight-year program), Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Pathology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Clinical Medicine (eight-year program), Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Pathology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Clinical Medicine (eight-year program), Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang-Teng-Yu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Pathology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Clinical Medicine (eight-year program), Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Radiology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Pathology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Clinical Medicine (eight-year program), Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Øvrebø KM, Ellingsen C, Hompland T, Rofstad EK. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the metastatic potential of tumors: a preclinical study of cervical carcinoma and melanoma xenografts. Acta Oncol 2013; 52:604-11. [PMID: 22671573 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2012.689851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gadolinium diethylene-triamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA)-based dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been suggested to be a useful non-invasive method for providing biomarkers for personalized cancer treatment. In this preclinical study, we investigated whether Gd-DTPA-based DCE-MRI may have the potential to differentiate between poorly and highly metastatic tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS CK-160 cervical carcinoma and V-27 melanoma xenografts were used as tumor models. Fifty-six tumors were imaged, and parametric images of K(trans) (the volume transfer constant of Gd-DTPA) and v(e) (the fractional distribution volume of Gd-DTPA) were produced by pharmacokinetic analysis of the DCE-MRI series. The host mice were examined for lymph node metastases immediately after the DCE-MRI. RESULTS Highly metastatic tumors showed lower values for median K(trans) than poorly metastatic tumors (p = 0.00033, CK-160; p < 0.00001, V-27). Median v(e) was lower for highly than for poorly metastatic V-27 tumors (p = 0.047), but did not differ significantly between metastatic and non-metastatic CK-160 tumors (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study supports the clinical attempts to establish DCE-MRI as a method for providing biomarkers for tumor aggressiveness and suggests that tumors showing low K(trans) and low ve values may have high probability of lymphogenous metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Marie Øvrebø
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital,
Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Ellingsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital,
Oslo, Norway
| | - Tord Hompland
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital,
Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K. Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital,
Oslo, Norway
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Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Roa AMA, Rofstad EK. Tumors exposed to acute cyclic hypoxia show increased vessel density and delayed blood supply. Microvasc Res 2013; 85:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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